High-intensity interval training reduces Tau and beta-amyloid accumulation by improving lactate-dependent mitophagy in rats with type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on lactate-induced mitophagy in the hippocampus of rats with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: 28 Wistar male rats were divided into four groups randomly: (i) control (Co), (ii) exercise (EX), (iii) type 2 diabetes (T2D), and (iv) type 2 diabetes + exercise (T2D + Ex). The rats in the T2D and T2D + Ex groups were fed a high-fat diet for two months, then a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg) was injected to induce diabetes.

.

The oceans are a rich source of a myriad of structurally different and unique natural products that are mainly found in invertebrates with potential applications in different disciplines. Microbial infection and cancer are the leading causes of death worldwide. Discovery of new sources of therapy for microbial infections is an urgent requirement due to the emergence of pathogenic microorganisms that are resistant to existing therapies.

Review on the Role of Polyphenols in Preventing and Treating Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the leading causes of death globally. There was a 70% increase in diabetes-related deaths between 2000 and 2020, particularly among males. This non-communicable disease is characterized by increased insulin resistance, leading to elevated blood sugar levels and, if untreated, resulting in complications such as nerve damage, kidney disease, blindness, and poor wound healing.

Mechanism of barotaxis in marine zooplankton.

Hydrostatic pressure is a dominant environmental cue for vertically migrating marine organisms but the physiological mechanisms of responding to pressure changes remain unclear. Here, we uncovered the cellular and circuit bases of a barokinetic response in the planktonic larva of the marine annelid . Increased pressure induced a rapid, graded, and adapting upward swimming response due to the faster beating of cilia in the head multiciliary band.

Diagnostic Accuracy of ChatGPT for Patients' Triage; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly ChatGPT developed by OpenAI, has shown the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in emergency department (ED) triage. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance and safety of ChatGPT in prioritizing patients based on urgency in ED settings.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines.

Exploring Sustainable Approaches for Electronic Textile Products and Prototypes.

This research investigated the sustainability of textile garments with integrated electronics and their potential impact on the environment. The electronic textiles (E-textiles) sector is booming, with many advancements in E-textile product designs and construction methods having been made in recent years. Although there is a rapidly increasing interest in the reusability and sustainability of textiles, work towards E-textile sustainability requires further attention.

Upcycling Shellfish Waste: Distribution of Amino Acids, Minerals, and Carotenoids in Body Parts of North Atlantic Crab and Shrimp.

The snow/pink crab () and Northern shrimp () are widely distributed in the North Atlantic Ocean. During processing/consumption, about 80% of the harvest is discarded as processing waste, which is a rich source of protein, chitin, minerals, and carotenoids. This study, for the first time, investigated the proximate composition and individual amino acids, minerals, and carotenoids from different body parts (carapace, shoulder, claw, tip, and leg) of snow crabs and shrimp shells.

Evaluation of acrylamide concentration in commercial falafel available in Tehran City by different cooking methods: A health risk assessment study.

The objective of current research was to measure the amount of acrylamide in falafel samples by GC-MS (Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) technique. The results presented, the average amount of acrylamide in falafel samples was 1.23 ± 0.

Uncovering the protective potential of vanillic acid against traumatic brain injury-induced cognitive decline in male rats: Insights into underlying mechanisms.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant contributor to global mortality and disability, and there is still no specific drug available to treat cognitive deficits in survivors. Vanillic acid (VA), a bioactive phenolic compound, has shown protective effects in various models of neurodegeneration; however, its impact on TBI outcomes remains elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the possible role of VA in ameliorating TBI-induced cognitive decline and to reveal the mechanisms involved.

Effect of mesenchymal stem cells and polyvinyl alcohol-coated selenium nanoparticles on rats with Alzheimer-like phenotypes.

Objectives: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation represents a promising approach for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). These stem cells, however, have a short lifespan following transplantation into recipient animals. Selenium nanoparticles, due to their size, aid in drug delivery for brain disorders.

Multiscale Modeling of Vinyl-Addition Polynorbornenes: The Effect of Stereochemistry.

Vinyl-addition polynorbornenes are candidates for designing high-performance polymers due to unique characteristics, which include a high glass transition temperature associated with a rigid backbone. Recent studies have established that the processability and properties of these polymers can be fine-tuned by using targeted substitutions. However, synthesis with different catalysts results in materials with distinct properties, potentially due to the presence of various stereoisomers that are difficult to quantify experimentally.

Survey of CT radiation doses and iodinated contrast medium administration: an international multicentric study.

Objective: To assess the relationship between intravenous iodinated contrast media (ICM) administration usage and radiation doses for contrast-enhanced (CE) CT of head, chest, and abdomen-pelvis (AP) in international, multicenter settings.

Methods: Our international (n = 16 countries), multicenter (n = 43 sites), and cross-sectional (ConRad) study had two parts. Part 1: Redcap survey with questions on information related to CT and ICM manufacturer/brand and respective protocols.

An approach for developing a blood-based screening panel for lung cancer based on clonal hematopoietic mutations.

Early detection can significantly reduce mortality due to lung cancer. Presented here is an approach for developing a blood-based screening panel based on clonal hematopoietic mutations. Animal model studies suggest that clonal hematopoietic mutations in tumor infiltrating immune cells can modulate cancer progression, representing potential predictive biomarkers.

Can optical evaluation distinguish between T1a and T1b esophageal adenocarcinoma: an international expert interobserver agreement study.

Background:  Piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is an acceptable technique for T1a esophageal adenocarcinoma, but en bloc R0 excision is advocated for T1b disease as it may offer a potential cure and mitigate recurrence. Thus, distinguishing between T1a and T1b disease is imperative under current treatment paradigms. We investigated whether expert Barrett's endoscopists could make this distinction based on optical evaluation.

Radiographic outcomes and complications of anterior column realignment (ACR): a systematic review.

Background: Anterior Column Realignment (ACR) was introduced to serve as a powerful segmental kyphosis correction technique in minimally invasive Adult Spinal Deformity (ASD) surgery. Releasing the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL) and annulus allows opening of the disc space to accommodate hyperlordotic cages. The overall safety and efficacy of ACR has been difficult to determine due to the heterogenicity of surgical techniques, complications reporting, and a paucity of published studies leading to preliminary and controversial conclusions.

Assessment of fitting methods and variability of IVIM parameters in muscles of the lumbar spine at rest.

Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI provides insight into tissue diffusion and perfusion. Here, estimates of perfusion fraction ( ), pseudo-diffusion coefficient ( ), and diffusion coefficient ( ) obtained via different fitting methods are compared to ascertain (1) the optimal analysis strategy for muscles of the lumbar spine and (2) repeatability of IVIM parameters in skeletal muscle at rest. Diffusion-weighted images were acquired in the lumbar spine at rest in 15 healthy participants.

Tetrahydroisoquinoline reduces angiogenesis by interacting myeloma cells with HUVECs mediated by extracellular vesicles.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic condition resulting from the uncontrolled expansion of B-cell-derived plasma cells. The importance of angiogenesis in MM development has also been demonstrated. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have vital functions in interactions between neighboring cells, such as angiogenesis.

Is precarious employment an occupational hazard? Evidence from Ontario, Canada.

Objectives: To examine the association between precarious employment and risk of occupational injury or illness in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: We combined accepted lost-time compensation claims from the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board with labour force statistics to estimate injury and illness rates between January 2016 and December 2019. Precarious employment was imputed using a job exposure matrix and operationalised in terms of temporary employment, low wages, irregular hours, involuntary part-time employment and a multidimensional measure of 'low', 'medium', 'high' and 'very high' probabilities of exposure to precarious employment.

Precarious employment and the workplace transmission of COVID-19: evidence from workers' compensation claims in Ontario, Canada.

Objective: To examine the association between precarious employment and risk of work-related COVID-19 infection in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: We combined data from an administrative census of workers' compensation claims with corresponding labour force statistics to estimate rates of work-related COVID-19 infection between April 2020 and April 2022. Precarious employment was imputed using a job exposure matrix capturing temporary employment, low wages, irregular hours, involuntary part-time employment and a multidimensional indicator of 'low', 'medium', 'high' and 'very high' overall exposure to precarious employment.