Characterization of Newcastle disease virus in broiler flocks with respiratory symptoms in some provinces of Iran.

Background: Newcastle disease, is one of the most important diseases of the poultry industry, has many economic losses. The aim of this study was to isolate and determine the molecular identity of Newcastle disease virus in 40 broiler flocks with respiratory symptoms in four provinces of Iran.

Methods And Results: Samples of farms with respiratory symptoms were collected from different regions of Isfahan, East Azerbaijan, Golestan, and Khuzestan provinces and inoculated into 9-day-old embryonated chicken eggs.

Effect of Total Suspended Particulate Matter in the Air on Inflammation Factors and Apoptotic Markers in Diabetic Rats: The Protective Effect of Insulin and Crocin.

Background: The effect of total suspended particulate matter (TSP) was investigated on the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic factors in diabetic rats, and the effect of crocin and insulin was examined on these factors.

Methods: Fifty-four adult male wistar rats were divided into nine experimental groups: control group, crocin group (received crocin, 50 mg/kg), diabetic group (received a single dose of alloxan at 120 mg/kg, IP), TSP group (5 mg/kg TSP instilled intratracheally), diabetic-crocin group (received crocin at 50 mg/kg after the induction of diabetes by alloxan (120 mg/kg)), diabetic-insulin group (received regular insulin (5 U/kg), crocin-TSP group (received crocin at 50 mg/kg, IP, and then 5 mg/kg TSP was instilled intratracheally), diabetic-TSP-insulin group (after receiving alloxan (120 mg/kg) and instilling TSP (5 mg/kg, intratracheally), a single dose (5 U/kg) of regular insulin), and diabetic-TSP-crocin group (after receiving alloxan (120 mg/kg) and instilling TSP (5 mg/kg, intratracheally), a single dose of crocin (50 mg/kg, IP)). Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to measure the expression of the mRNAs of apoptotic (Bax and Bcl2) and inflammatory mediators (TNFα, COX2, iNOS/eNOS) in Wistar rats.

Preparation and optimization of silibinin-loaded chitosan-fucoidan hydrogel: an evaluation of skin protection against UVB.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop silibinin-loaded hydrogel for skin protection against UVB damage.

Method: Physical grafting was used to prepare hydrogel based on chitosan-fucoidan. Then, hydrogel properties, such as swelling, drug release rates, morphology, and structure, were evaluated to determine the optimum hydrogel for studies.