Clinical Profile of Peripheral Artery Disease of Patients Attending Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Janakpurdham, Nepal.

Background: Peripheral artery disease is an important vascular disease. There is an increased incidence of acute limb ischemia in cases of peripheral artery disease. Objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of peripheral artery disease among high-risk patients attending out patient department in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Janakpurdham.

Non-neuronopathic Gaucher disease (Type I) in an elderly female: a case report.

Introduction And Importance: Gaucher disease is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder marked by a substantial reduction in beta-glucocerebrosidase activity. Historically, supportive treatments such as splenectomy and orthopedic interventions were employed, whereas recent advances have led to the approval of Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) and Substrate Reduction Therapy (SRT) as therapeutic options.

Case Presentation: The authors present the case of a 61-year-old female with chronic abdominal pain, abdominal fullness, pancytopenia, and hepatosplenomegaly, all indicative of Gaucher's disease, later confirmed by histopathological examination.

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Background: Computed tomographic coronary angiography has been recognized as a reliable imaging modality with excellent negative predictive value and a good negative likelihood ratio to exclude coronary artery disease in stable, symptomatic patients with intermediate or high risk. 1) Coronary calcium scoring has been extensively shown to be an invaluable tool to exclude the presence of coronary artery disease in low-risk patients. 2) Our aim was to identify the presence and extent of coronary atherosclerosis in computed tomographic coronary angiography in stable symptomatic patients with a zero Coronary Calcium score.

Coronary Artery Disease in Nepal: Current Perspective, Challenges, Need for National Practice Guidelines, and Potential Solutions.

South Asians are estimated to have a 40% increased risk for coronary artery disease as compared to populations from other regions. Nepal, as a South Asian country, should also analyze the burden of coronary artery disease and its risk factors to minimize cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We reviewed the barriers to cardiovascular care and its services in low- and middle-income countries, including Nepal.

Rheumatic heart disease in school-attending Nepalese children: A descriptive analysis of the national heart screening database.

Objective: Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) remains a significant public health problem with high morbidity and mortality in children and young adults from lower-middle income countries like Nepal. However, a nation-wide database of the disease is lacking for designing effective future prevention and control programmes and strategies. The aim of our study is to estimate the prevalence of RHD in school-attending Nepalese children.

Hernia among Patients Admitted to the Department of Surgery of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Hernia is one of the most common surgery-requiring conditions. Despite this, hernia still needs to be studied in more detail. The main objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of hernia among patients admitted to the Department of Surgery of a tertiary care centre.

Review of current status of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery in Nepal: An analysis from collection of institutional database.

Objective: Data collected from various institutions around the country was analyzed to assess the current status of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery in the country.

Methods: We collected data from institutions performing cardiovascular and thoracic surgery from all over the country through direct correspondence for the year 2019. Individual institution data on the number of surgeries performed for cardiac, vascular, and thoracic surgery and its outcome in terms of mortality were compiled.

Congenital unilateral absence of right pulmonary artery with VSD and wide aortopulmonary window in an adult patient: a case report.

Unlabelled: Unilateral absence of pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a very rare condition, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 200,000 population, which is commonly associated with various cardiovascular anomalies or can occur in an isolated manner. Isolated cases survive to adulthood and remain asymptomatic, but they may frequently experience hemoptysis, repeated infections, or symptoms like dyspnea and chest pain. Due to the rarity of the disorder and its ambiguous appearance, diagnosis can be very challenging.

Multi-drug Resistance, β-Lactamases Production, and Coexistence of and in Clinical Isolates From a Referral Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal.

The ability of pathogenic to produce carbapenemase enzymes is a characteristic that allows them to resist various antibiotics, including last-resort antibiotics like colistin and carbapenem. Our objectives were to identify rapidly developing antibiotic resistance (AR), assess β-lactamases production, and detect and genes in the isolates. A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in a referral hospital located in Kathmandu from November 2019 to December 2020 using standard laboratory and molecular protocols.

Congenital Pericardial Agenesis presenting as non-specific chest pain: A Case Report.

Congenital absence of pericardium is an exceedingly rare condition with a prevalence of 0.002%-0.004%.

An exceptional survival in an unoperated tetralogy of Fallot in a 66-year-old man: A case report.

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease in children which comprises an overriding aorta, right ventricular outflow obstruction, ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. It has an elevated early mortality rate without surgical correction, with most patients dying in childhood. Only 2% of patients survive past the age of 40 years without surgical intervention.

Pericardial cyst in a one-year-old boy with ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus.

Background: Pericardial cysts are rare, with the most common etiology being congenital. Ventricular septal defect is the most common congenital heart disease in children. However, the combination of pericardial cyst, ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus is extremely rare.

Elective re-intubation to treat complete left lung collapse following Tetralogy of Fallot repair in a very young child.

An 18-month-old boy weighing 6 kilograms developed complete collapse of left lung following total correction of Tetralogy of Fallot on the next day of extubation. He received extensive chest physiotherapy, along with lung recruitment maneuver by using bubble CPAP, which failed to show any improvement in lung expansion in 2 days. He was then electively intubated on 3rd postoperative day (POD3) for the purpose of suctioning tracheobronchial secretions and maintaining positive airway pressure to open up the left lung.

The Yentl Syndrome: A Case Report.

Cardiovascular disease, including ischemic heart disease, is one of the most common causes of death and disability in both sexes. The traditional concept of ischemic heart disease as a "man's disease" is debunked. Yentl syndrome is used to describe the underdiagnosis of ischemic heart disease in females and its associated effects.

Effectiveness of low-dose radiation therapy in COVID-19 patients globally: A systematic review.

 Novel Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) can affect multiple organs, including the lungs, resulting in pneumonia. Apart from steroids, other anti-COVID drugs that have been studied appear to have little or no effect on COVID-19 pneumonia. There is a well-known history of inflammatory disease, including pneumonia, treated with low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT).

Anesthesiology in Times of Physical Disasters-Earthquakes and Typhoons.

Nepal and Hong Kong both are susceptible to natural disasters due to their geographic locations. Nepal suffers from frequent earthquakes, and Hong Kong regularly experiences typhoons of varying severity. Natural disasters may present acutely or with some advance warning.

Spectrum of coronary angiographic findings in patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary PCI in a tertiary care center of Nepal.

Background: Even in developing countries like Nepal, prevalence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction has been shown to be increased with rise in prevalence of conventional risk factors like diabetes, Hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia and obesity. Our aim is to retrospectively analyze for various risk factors and angiographic patterns of coronary artery disease in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing Primary Percutaneous Intervention.

Results: During the period of 1 year (January 2019 to December 2019), 816 patients presented to our ER with acute STEMI, among them 437 (53.

Multi-drug Resistant and Extended Spectrum β-lactamase Producing Salmonella Species Isolated from Fresh Chicken Liver Samples.

Background Ductus arteriosus is a vascular structure which connects the roof of main pulmonary artery near the origin of the left branch pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure is indicated for any patient who is symptomatic from left to right shunting. Objective To investigate the hospital outcomes of surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus over last 19 years starting from the very first case of our center.

Correlation between Myocardial Strain by 2-D Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography and Angiographic findings by Coronary Angiogram in Stable Angina.

Identification of coronary artery disease by non-invasive means is a subject of interest for all. Myocardial strain has shown some promising results. This study intends to see if change in strain value correlates with the angiographic findings in patients with stable angina.

Thrombus straddling patent foramen ovale and massive pulmonary embolism.

A thrombus straddling the foramen ovale is rare; and optimal management is controversial. Most of the literature on this topic is available only in the form of case reports. Here, we present a case of 30-year-old female with recent history of fibular fracture and thrombus in transit through patent foramen ovale and massive pulmonary embolism who was successfully managed with pulmonary embolectomy, extraction of serpentine thrombus straddling patent foramen ovale, and closure of patent foramen ovale.

Feasibility and Safety of Distal Radial Artery Access in Anatomical Snuffbox for Coronary Angiography and Coronary Intervention.

Background: There is limited data on feasibility and safety of coronary interventions performed using radial artery at anatomical snuffbox as vascular access point in South Asian region. Our study attempts to evaluate the feasibility and safety of coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention using transradial access at anatomical snuffbox.

Methods: Transradial access at anatomical snuffbox was attempted in 128 consecutive patients, who were planned for coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention.