Novel Bi-allelic PDE6C Variant Leads to Congenital Achromatopsia.

Background: The clinical phenotyping of patients with achromatopsia harboring variants in phosphordiesterase 6C (PDE6C) has poorly been described in the literature. PDE6C encodes the catalytic subunit of the cone phosphodiesterase, which hydrolyzes the cyclic guanosine monophosphate that proceeds with the hyperpolarization of photoreceptor cell membranes, as the final step of the phototransduction cascade.

Methods: In the current study, two patients from a consanguineous family underwent full ophthalmologic examination and molecular investigations including WES.

Tear and serum MMP-9 and serum TIMPs levels in the severe sulfur mustard eye injured exposed patients.

Introduction: Sulfur mustard (SM) intoxication produces local and systemic changes in the human body. In this study, the relationship between tear and serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and serum tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are assessed in serious eye-injured SM-exposed casualties.

Methods: A group of 128 SM-exposed patients with serious ocular injuries in three subgroups (19 mild, 31 moderate, and 78 severe cases) is compared with 31 healthy controls.

Effect of lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia) on cerebral edema and its possible mechanisms in an experimental model of stroke.

Lavender belongs to the family Labiatae and has a variety of cosmetic uses as well as therapeutic purposes in herbal medicine. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of lavender oil against brain edema and its possible mechanisms in an experimental model of stroke. Under Laser-Doppler Flowmetry, focal cerebral ischemia was induced by the transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 1h in rats.

Transcranial approach for spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea due to Sternberg's canal intrasphenoidal meningoencephalocele: case report and review of the literature.

One type of congenital intrasphenoidal meningoencephalocele is remnant of lateral craniopharyngeal (Sternberg's) canal. We present a case of a 23-year girl with 10-month history of right side CSF rhinorrhea. CT scan, MRI revealed congenital meningoencephalocele and CSF leak from middle fossa to right side of sphenoid sinus, and there were bony defects at the floor of the anterior aspect of the right middle fossa.

Modified retro-tubercle opening-wedge versus conventional high tibial osteotomy.

Despite the fact that common surgical techniques for the treatment of genu varum usually correct the malalignment in the affected knee, these methods have significant complications and cause problems in the long term. Retro-tubercle opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy is among the newer techniques for the treatment of genu varum. The goal of this study was to compare the results of retro-tubercle opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy with those of medial opening-wedge osteotomy.

Predictive accuracy of the 'Framingham's general CVD algorithm' in a Middle Eastern population: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Aims: To examine the performance of 'the Framingham's general CVD algorithm' in estimating 5-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in an adult Middle Eastern community.

Methods: In a population-based prospective cohort, the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), CVD risk estimates were calculated for 3838 individuals (2183 women) free of CVD at baseline.

Results: Over 8.

The effect of modifiable potentials on hypermethylation status of retinoic acid receptor-beta2 and estrogen receptor-alpha genes in primary breast cancer.

Epigenetic silencing of retinoic acid receptor-beta2 (RARbeta2) and estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) expressions have been revealed to be important in the development of approaches for diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer. We aimed to explore the correlation of some potential factors with the hypermethylation status of RARbeta2 and ERalpha genes among Iranian breast cancer patients. The hypermethylation status was investigated in 137 dissected tissues from primary breast cancer patients through methylation-specific PCR.

Substance P and CGRP expression in dental pulps with irreversible pulpitis.

The purpose of this study was to compare substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in pulp tissue with clinically diagnosed symptomatic and asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Healthy pulps acted as controls. Five normal pulps and 40 with irreversible pulpitis (20 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic) were obtained from 45 different patients.

Functional bowel disorders in Iranian population using Rome III criteria.

Background/aim: To study the prevalence and risk factors of functional bowel disorders (FBD) in Iranian community using Rome III criteria.

Materials And Methods: This study was a cross-sectional household survey conducted from May 2006 to December 2007 in Tehran province, Iran, including 18,180 participants who were selected randomly and interviewed face-to-face by a validated questionnaire based on Rome III criteria.

Results: In all, 1.

A simple risk score effectively predicted type 2 diabetes in Iranian adult population: population-based cohort study.

Background: Although several strategies to predict the development of diabetes have been developed the question is whether better scores can be developed without sacrificing simplicity.

Methods: Data on 3242 participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study aged ≥20 years, without diabetes at the baseline that completed a ~6-year follow-up were used to develop prediction models by running a series of logistic regression model. A simple score system was then developed based on the most important variables selected with forward stepwise approach.

Irritable bowel syndrome: a population based study.

Background: The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is relatively high, but up to now, no population based study in Iran has used the ROME III criteria. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of IBS by using the ROME III criteria in the adult population of Iran.

Methods: A face to face survey was conducted in a large area of the Tehran province.

Evaluation of the periodontal status of palatally impacted maxillary canines after exposure using a modified window technique.

Aim: To evaluate the periodontal status of surgically exposed maxillary canines after their alignment.

Patients And Methods: Twenty consecutive patients with one palatally impacted maxillary canine and one fully erupted synergist were selected. The impacted canines were surgically exposed with a modified window technique, an attachment was bonded, and the teeth were extruded and aligned.

Risk of colorectal cancer in relatives: a case control study.

Background: In around 10 to 15% of all colorectal cancer (CRC) cases, a positive family history of colorectal cancer is observed . Although increased risk of colorectal cancer in individuals with a family history of the disease has been observed consistently in the past studies, limited information is available on colorectal cancer associated with family history in Iran.

Aims: The purpose of this study is to define the risk of colorectal cancer associated with a family history of cancer.

Resolution of macular edema in Coats' disease with intravitreal bevacizumab.

A 13-year-old boy was referred because of visual deterioration in his right eye. The visual acuity was two meters of counting fingers. Indirect ophthalmoscopy and biomicroscopy revealed exudative macular edema as well as tumor-like telangiectatic vessels and exudation in temporal periphery.

Effect of two storage solutions on surface topography of two root-end fillings.

The effect of different storage solutions on surface topography of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and new experimental cement (NEC) as root-end fillings was investigated. Twenty-four single-rooted teeth were cleaned, shaped and obturated in a same manner. After root-end resection, 3-mm deep root-end cavities were ultrasonically prepared.

Cryotherapy of sclerotomy sites for prevention of late post-vitrectomy diabetic hemorrhage: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: To evaluate the role of cryotherapy of sclerotomy sites in prevention of late (after 4 weeks) post-vitrectomy diabetic hemorrhage.

Methods: In a prospective randomized double-masked clinical trial, a total of 124 eyes of 119 patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. At the end of vitrectomy, the eyes were randomly assigned to two groups.

Pemphigus vulgaris manifesting as a sole persistent lesion on the lower lip: a case report.

Oral lesions in patients with pemphigus vulgaris commonly manifest as slowly healing erosions with irregular and ill-defined borders of the buccal mucosa and palate. These lesions may be the initial and sole presentation of pemphigus vulgaris. Herein, we describe a 37-year-old woman suffering from pemphigus vulgaris who had only a solitary crusted erosion on the lower lip persisting for eight months without any progression.

Colorectal cancer in Iran: immunohistochemical profiles of four mismatch repair proteins.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine the profile of mismatch repair (MMR) defects in Iranian colorectal cancer patients by using immunohistochemical staining for products of four MMR genes: MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6.

Methods: Tissue samples of 343 patients were immunostained for MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6. Clinical and family history and survival data were compared between normal and abnormal staining patterns.

Design and synthesis of new 1,3-benzthiazinan-4-one derivatives as selective cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitors.

A new group of 1, 3-benthiazinan-4-ones, possessing a methyl sulfonyl pharmacophore, were synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory activity. In vitro COX-1/COX-2 inhibition studies identified 3-(p-fluoropheny)-2-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-1,3-benzthiazinan-4-one (7b) as a potent (IC(50)=0.05 microM) and selective (selectivity index=259) COX-2 inhibitor.

Road traffic injuries in Iran: the role of interventions implemented by traffic police.

Introduction: In Iran there are about 70 deaths per day from road traffic injuries (RTIs). Despite some interventions having been implemented during the past 5 years, the impacts of these interventions on mortality and morbidity rates have not been well evaluated.

Objective: To ascertain and describe the epidemiological pattern of RTIs in Iran for the years 2004 to 2007 and to compare the epidemiological trends of RTIs, before and 2 years after four road safety programs were put into place.

Effect of testosterone on thyroid weight and function in iodine deficient castrated rats.

The prevalence of goiter, especially in iodine deficient regions, is higher in women than in men. This investigation was conducted to determine the effect of testosterone on thyroid weight and function in both normal iodine deficient and castrated rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 7 animals each: castrated hormone treated (C+T); castrated nonhormone treated (C+NT); normal (N), iodine deficient diet, castrated hormone treated (ID+C+T); castrated iodine deficient diet, nonhormone treated (ID+C+NT); and normal iodine deficient diet (ID+N).

Glucose intolerance and risk of cardiovascular disease in Iranian men and women: results of the 7.6-year follow-up of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).

Background: Despite the high prevalence of diabetes, limited information is available about the impact of impaired glucose regulation on the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among Middle East populations.

Aims: To determine the risk of CVD in an urban Iranian population according to glucose tolerance status.

Materials And Methods: The study population consisted of 1752 men and 2273 women, aged > or = 40 yr, free of CVD at baseline.