Main Operating Room Versus Field Sterility in Hand Surgery: A Review of the Evidence.

Many of the guidelines that are generally accepted as main operating room best practices are not evidence based. They are based on the concept that if some sterility is good, more must be better. They are not derived from evidence-based sterility.

Maternal and fetal outcomes among women with GDMA1 before and post-date.

Objective: To investigate adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients complicated with GDMA1 who delivered at term before or after 40 weeks of gestation.

Study Design: A population-based cohort study including all women with GDMA1 during pregnancy was conducted. Deliveries occurred between 1988 and 2016 at a large university tertiary medical center.

Barriers to Care Among Glaucoma Patients With a Missed Appointment and Interest in a Navigator Program.

Prcis: Most glaucoma patients with missed appointments report barriers to care and social risk factors. One third expressed interest in engaging with a patient navigator program. Most expressed interest in rescheduling.

Predictors of Clinic Attendance After Community-Based Vision Screening.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze appointment attendance rates and patient characteristics associated with follow-up adherence after referral from a community vision screening event.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who attended a 2021 or 2022 community vision screening event and were referred to the university clinic for further care. Appointments were offered without charge and scheduled at the event.

Insight and Recommendations for Fragile X-Premutation-Associated Conditions from the Fifth International Conference on Premutation.

The premutation of the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 () gene is characterized by an expansion of the CGG trinucleotide repeats (55 to 200 CGGs) in the 5' untranslated region and increased levels of mRNA. Molecular mechanisms leading to fragile X-premutation-associated conditions (FXPAC) include cotranscriptional R-loop formations, mRNA toxicity through both RNA gelation into nuclear foci and sequestration of various CGG-repeat-binding proteins, and the repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN)-initiated translation of potentially toxic proteins. Such molecular mechanisms contribute to subsequent consequences, including mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death.

Unintended lower-segment hysterotomy extension at cesarean delivery and the risk for uterine rupture during a subsequent trial of labor.

Objective: To evaluate the association between unintended uterine extension in cesarean delivery and uterine scar disruption (rupture or dehiscence) at the subsequent trial of labor after cesarean delivery (TOLAC).

Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study (2005-2021). Parturients with a singleton pregnancy who had unintended lower-segment uterine extension during the primary cesarean delivery (excluding T and J vertical extensions) were compared with patients who did not have an unintended uterine extension.

Characterization of a Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Formulation Loaded with Mitomycin C Lipidic Prodrug (MLP) and In Vitro Comparison with a Clinical-Stage Liposomal Formulation of MLP.

Nanomedicines have revolutionized the treatment of certain types of cancer, as is the case of doxil, liposomal formulation with doxorubicin encapsulated, in the treatment of certain types of ovarian cancer, AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma, and multiple myeloma. These nanomedicines can improve the performance of conventional chemotherapeutic treatments, with fewer side effects and better efficiency against cancer. Although liposomes have been used in some formulations, different nanocarriers with better features in terms of stability and adsorption capabilities are being explored.

Central serous chorioretinopathy following the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine.

Background And Purpose: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has accelerated vaccine development. The BNT162b2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine is being administered worldwide. The purpose of this case series is to report a possible association between the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Application of Prospect Theory in Obstetrics by Evaluating Mode of Delivery and Outcomes in Neonates Born Small or Appropriate for Gestational Age.

Importance: Antenatal diagnosis of fetal weight is challenging, and the detection rate of fetal growth restriction (FGR) is low. Neonates with FGR are known to have an increased rate of obstetric intervention during labor, but the association of antenatal fetal weight estimation with mode of delivery and neonatal outcomes among neonates who are small and appropriate for gestational age (SGA and AGA) has not been reported.

Objective: To evaluate the association of antenatal fetal weight estimation with mode of delivery and neonatal outcomes among neonates who are SGA and AGA, applying psychological concepts of cognitive bias and prospect theory to a model of clinical behavior.

Long-Standing Corneal Edema and Endothelial Decompensation due to Ecballium elaterium.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the most severe documented ocular injury caused by Ecballium elaterium , an invasive and toxic herb characterized by an explosive seed dispersal.

Methods: A 55-year-old man presented to the emergency department several hours after direct exposure to the contents of E. elaterium to his left eye.

Leukocyte Telomere Length Correlates with Extended Female Fertility.

Current social trends of delayed reproduction to the fourth and fifth decade of life call for a better understanding of reproductive aging. Demographic studies correlated late reproduction with general health and longevity. Telomeres, the protective ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, were implicated in various aging-associated pathologies and longevity.

Anxiety and pain perception using a speculum-free eyelid retraction technique for intravitreal injection.

Purpose: This study compared pain and anxiety levels in individuals receiving intravitreal injections (IVIs) using a speculum-free injection technique, the lid splinting eyelid retraction technique, or using a speculum.

Methods: This was a prospective study of individuals receiving IVI at a single tertiary care medical center who responded to a questionnaire and visual analog scale (VAS) between December 2019 and January 2020. In one group, a speculum was used prior to injection, whereas in the other group, a speculum-free injection technique was used.

The value of tracheostomy of critically ill COVID-19 patients - A multicentral study.

Purpose: Tracheostomy is an aerosol-generating procedure, thus performing it during the COVID-19 pandemic arises considerations such as the most appropriate timing and the patients to whom it is suitable. Medical teams lack sufficient data to assist determining whether or not to conduct tracheostomy, its short- and long-term implications are not fully understood. This study aims to shed light on the critically ill COVID-19 patients that require tracheostomy, and to investigate its value.

Effect of Music Selection on Anxiety Level during Intravitreal Injections for Individuals of Varying Cultures.

Purpose: To investigate music selection as a treatment for anxiety during Intravitreal injections (IVI) for individuals of varying cultures.

Methods: 106 individuals were enrolled in this randomized controlled study. Individuals were randomized into one to three categories: (1) a control group in which the IVI procedure was performed without music (n = 35), (2) an experimental group in which the music was selected by the physician (n = 36), (3) an experimental group in which the music was selected by the patient (n = 35).

A recessive S174X mutation in Optineurin causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through a loss of function via allele-specific nonsense-mediated decay.

Loss of function (LoF) mutations in Optineurin can cause recessive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with some heterozygous LoF mutations associated with dominant ALS. The molecular mechanisms underlying the variable inheritance pattern associated with OPTN mutations have remained elusive. We identified that affected members of a consanguineous Middle Eastern ALS kindred possessed a novel homozygous p.

Keratoplasty Rejection After the BNT162b2 messenger RNA Vaccine.

Purpose: The aim of this report was to report 2 patients who presented with acute corneal graft rejection 2 weeks after receiving the BNT162b2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Methods: Case report.

Results: Two men, aged 73 and 56 years, with a history of penetrating keratoplasty due to keratoconus were noted to have acute corneal graft rejection 2 weeks after receiving a first dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine.

Surgical Treatment of Bartholin's Gland Abscess: Is Word Catheter Superior to Marsupialization?

Study Objective: Bartholin's gland abscess may occur in up to 2% of the women. Surgical drainage using the Word catheter application or marsupialization is the treatment of choice in the management of Bartholin's gland abscess. We aimed to compare the abscess recurrence rates between these 2 surgical methods.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Intravitreal Injection Compliance.

Intravitreal injections (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have become the most prevalent intraocular procedure as they represent the major therapeutic modality for prevalent retinal conditions such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. Effective therapy requires adherence to a schedule of iterative IVI as well as routine clinic appointments. The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the reduction of attendance at scheduled clinic visits and IVI.

Revision cochlear implantation using a double array device in the post-meningitis ossified cochlea.

Purpose: To describe the surgical technique and outcome in a series of patients who underwent revision cochlear implantation using a double array or split electrode device. All patients developed ossified cochleae due to meningitis and were functioning poorly with the previous implant.

Methods: Four patients between the ages of 4-15 years underwent revision with five double-array cochlear implant devices.

Management of Pregnant Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Unlabelled: The rapid emergence of the novel coronavirus [SARS-CoV2] and the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] has caused significant global morbidity and mortality. This is particularly concerning for vulnerable groups such as pregnant women with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Care for pregnant IBD patients in itself is a complex issue because of the delicate balance between controlling maternal IBD as well as promoting the health of the unborn child.