Screening and Selection of a New Medium and Culture Conditions for Diosgenin Production via Microbial Biocatalysis of SYt1.

Diosgenin (DSG) is a phytosterol saponin mainly found in C.H. Wright.

The incidence and clinical significance of monoclonal and oligoclonal protein bands in multiple myeloma patients after BCMA-CAR-T cell therapy: A retrospective study based on LEGEND-2.

The emergence of abnormal protein bands (APBs), also known as oligoclonal protein bands, has been documented in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, the incidence rate and clinical significance of APBs remain contentious. Few studies have explored the occurrence and prognostic implications of APBs in patients with MM treated with B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy.

The goat PRLR gene: mRNA expression, association analysis of InDel variants with body weight and growth traits.

Prolactin is a single-chain peptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland and plays an important role in the reproductive development of mammals. Therefore, we investigated the expression of the PRLR gene in various goat tissues during distinct developmental stages, as well as the correlation between the 16 bp InDel and growth traits in goats. The study findings demonstrated a consistent expression and distribution of PRLR in both yearling and adult goat tissues, with the highest levels observed in the testis.

Neutrophils suppress osteogenic differentiation of Gli1 stem cells via neutrophil extracellular traps and contribute to bone loss in periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a severe and chronic oral inflammatory disease that leads to the progressive and irreversible destruction of periodontal tissues, ultimately resulting in tooth loss. Among the immune cell subtypes involved, neutrophils play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are essential components of periodontal tissue, contributing to tissue development, homeostasis, and regeneration.

The Goat Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen-4 Gene: mRNA Expression and Association Analysis of Insertion/Deletion Variants with the Risk of Brucellosis.

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 () gene, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune diseases. Studies have shown that polymorphisms in the gene are linked to an increased risk of brucellosis in humans, but its association with brucellosis in goats remains unexplored. In this study, the tissue expression profile of in goats was investigated, and the correlation between InDel polymorphisms in the gene and susceptibility to brucellosis in goats was examined.

Erratum: Alkaline Phosphatase Controls Lineage Switching of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Regulating the LRP6/GSK3β Complex in Hypophosphatasia: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.27372.

The role of biophysical cues and their modulated exosomes in dental diseases: from mechanism to therapy.

Dental diseases such as caries and periodontitis have been common public health problems. Dental disease treatment can be achieved through stem cell-based dental regeneration. Biophysical cues determine the fate of stem cells and govern the success of dental regeneration.

A hierarchical Bilayered scaffold for periodontal complex structure regeneration.

The periodontal tissue comprises alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament (PDL), forming a highly hierarchical architecture. Although current therapies could regenerate the hard tissue well, the simultaneous reconstruction of hard and soft tissue remains a great clinical challenge with the major difficulty in highly orientated PDL regeneration. Using the unidirectional freeze-casting method and biomimetic mineralization technique, we construct a hierarchical bilayer scaffold with the aligned chitosan scaffold with ZIF-8 resembling PDL, and intrafibrillarly mineralized collagen resembling alveolar bone.

Itm2a expression marks periosteal skeletal stem cells that contribute to bone fracture healing.

The periosteum contains skeletal stem/progenitor cells that contribute to bone fracture healing. However, the in vivo identity of periosteal skeletal stem cells (P-SSCs) remains unclear, and membrane protein markers of P-SSCs that facilitate tissue engineering are needed. Here, we identified integral membrane protein 2A (Itm2a) enriched in SSCs using single-cell transcriptomics.

3D printing of recombinant collagen/chitosan methacrylate/nanoclay hydrogels loaded with Kartogenin nanoparticles for cartilage regeneration.

Cartilage defects are frequently caused by trauma, illness and degradation of the cartilage. If these defects are not sufficiently treated, the joints will degrade irreversibly, possibly resulting in disability. Articular cartilage lacks blood vessels and nerves and is unable to regenerate itself, so the repair of cartilage defects is extremely challenging in clinical treatment.

AMPK, a hub for the microenvironmental regulation of bone homeostasis and diseases.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a crucial regulatory kinase, monitors energy levels, conserving ATP and boosting synthesis in low-nutrition, low-energy states. Its sensitivity links microenvironmental changes to cellular responses. As the primary support structure and endocrine organ, the maintenance, and repair of bones are closely associated with the microenvironment.

Enhancement of Bone Repair in Diabetic Rats with Metformin-Modified Silicified Collagen Scaffolds.

Regenerating bone defects in diabetic rats presents a significant challenge due to the detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species and impaired autophagy on bone healing. To address these issues, a metformin-modified biomimetic silicified collagen scaffold is developed utilizing the principles of biomimetic silicification. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the scaffold enhanced bone tissue regeneration within the diabetic microenvironment through the release of dual bio-factors.

Arl2 GTPase associates with the centrosomal protein Cdk5rap2 to regulate cortical development via microtubule organization.

ADP ribosylation factor-like GTPase 2 (Arl2) is crucial for controlling mitochondrial fusion and microtubule assembly in various organisms. Arl2 regulates the asymmetric division of neural stem cells in Drosophila via microtubule growth. However, the function of mammalian Arl2 during cortical development was unknown.

Discovery of a Highly Promising Disulfide Derivative Scaffold as Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease.

The main protease (M) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) represents a promising target for antiviral drugs aimed at combating COVID-19. Consequently, the development of M inhibitor is an ideal strategy for combating the virus. In this study, we identified twenty-two dithiocarbamates (1 a-h), dithiocarbamate-Cu(II) complexes (2 a-hCu) and disulfide derivatives (2 a-e, 2 i) as potent inhibitors of M, with IC value range of 0.

The Effects of Different Developmental Stages on Bone Regeneration of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells and Periodontal Ligament Cell Sheets In Vitro and Vivo.

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have broad applications in tissue engineering and regeneration. However, the function of PDLSCs changes in different microenvironments. This study aimed to explore the effects of different developmental stages on the biological characteristics of PDLSCs.

Olig2-enriched exosomes: A novel therapeutic approach for cuprizone-induced demyelination.

The research aims to study the therapeutic impact of HEK293-XPack-Olig2 cell-derived exosomes on remyelination of the corpus callosum in a cuprizone-induced demyelinating disease model. A lentiviral vector expressing Olig2 was constructed using XPack technology. The highly abundant Olig2 exosomes (ExoOs) were isolated by centrifugation for subsequent experiments.

Polyhedral magnetic nanoparticles induce apoptosis in gastric cancer stem cells and suppressing tumor growth through magnetic force generation.

Gastric cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor worldwide, posing challenges due to its poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) were demonstrated as a subset of cancer cells responsible for tumor initiation and progression, and their inherent resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy critically contributes to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Promoting the eradication of cancer stem cells is crucial for enhancing the efficacy of cancer treatments.

An Osteoimmunomodulatory Biopatch Potentiates Stem Cell Therapies for Bone Regeneration by Simultaneously Regulating IL-17/Ferroptosis Signaling Pathways.

Currently, there are still great challenges in promoting bone defect healing, a common health problem affecting millions of people. Herein an osteoimmunity-regulating biopatch capable of promoting stem cell-based therapies for bone regeneration is developed. A totally biodegradable conjugate is first synthesized, which can self-assemble into bioactive nano micelles (PPT NMs).

TGF-β1 promotes osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells via integrin mediated mechanical positive autoregulation.

Positive autoregulation (PAR), one type of network motifs, provides a high phenotypic heterogeneity for cells to better adapt to their microenvironments. Typical mechanosensitive proteins can also form PAR, e.g.