Structurally diverse chromane meroterpenoids from Rhododendron capitatum with multifunctional neuroprotective effects.

Eleven new chromane meroterpenoids (1-11), along with 24 known ones (12-35) were isolated from Rhododendron capitatum, a Tibetan medicine. Their structures were determined via extensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by comparison of the experimental and theoretically calculated ECD data.

Effects of straw amendment on the bioavailability of selenite in soil and its mechanisms.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by straw returning for decomposition interacts with selenium (Se) in soil, which affects the speciation distribution of Se and its bioavailability. However, the relative mechanisms involved are slightly understood. This study investigated the effects of straw-derived DOM on two levels of exogenous selenite (low-Se and high-Se treatments) in two types of soil with distinct pH.

Improving genomic prediction accuracy of pig reproductive traits based on genotype imputation using preselected markers with different imputation platforms.

Genomic prediction has been widely applied to the pig industry and has greatly accelerated the progress of genetic improvement in pigs. With the development of sequencing technology and price reduction, more and more genotype imputation panels of pig have been investigated, providing an effective and economical method to further study the genetic variation of pig economic traits. In this study, the imputation from 80 k Single Nucleotide Polymorphism chip data of 832 Large White pigs to whole-genome sequencing genotypes was performed by Swine Imputation Server, Pig Haplotypes Reference Panel (PHARP), Animal Genotype Imputation Database and 1k-pig-genomes four thousand-pig imputation panels.

VvCCD7, a novel strigolactone synthesis gene in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), increases sensitivity to drought and low-phosphorus stress in transgenic Arabidopsis.

As a new plant hormone, strigolactone not only promotes leaf senescence, inhibits plant branching and regulates root structure, but also plays an important role in abiotic stress resistance. However, little is known about the function of VvCCD7 under abiotic stress, a key gene for the synthesis of strigolactone in grapevine. In this study, VvCCD7 gene was cloned from grape leaves of 'Cabernet Sauvignon'.

Adsorptive immobilization of cadmium and lead using unmodified and modified biochar: A review of the advances, synthesis, efficiency and mechanisms.

Biochar is an environmentally friendly adsorbent material with excellent adsorption performance due to its extensive pore structure, large specific surface area, and numerous surface functional groups. It is commonly used to treat inorganic and organic pollutants. In recent years, with increasing focus on controlling soil pollution caused by heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), the potential application of biochar has attracted much attention.

Effects of two amino acid transporter-like genes on potato growth.

Amino acid transporters are membrane proteins that mediate amino acid transport across the plasma membrane. They play a significant role in plant growth and development. The amino acid permease (AAP) subfamily belongs to the activating transcription factor family, which is one of the main amino acid transporter families.

Large-scale ecological infrastructures enhance the productivity of agro-socio-ecological systems by reducing soil erosion in the Loess Plateau.

Agro-socio-ecological systems are a crucial link connecting urbanization, agricultural development and environmental evolution. However, there is no effective research on realizing regional collaborative development and environmental governance of the agricultural social-system collaborative governance model, especially spatial differentiation governance. In this study, the region with the most severe soil erosion in the world was selected as the research area.

Microbial functional genes play crucial roles in enhancing soil nutrient availability of halophyte rhizospheres in salinized grasslands.

Land degradation due to salinization threatens ecosystem health. Phytoremediation, facilitated by functional microorganisms, has gained attention for improving saline-alkali soils. However, the relationship between the functional potential of rhizosphere microbes involved in multi-element cycling and soil nutrient pools remain unclear.

Polyamines Protect Porcine Sperm from Lipopolysaccharide-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis via Casein Kinase 2 Activation.

Bacterial contamination is an inevitable issue during the processing of semen preservation in pigs. As a prototypical endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria in semen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) undermines sperm function during liquid preservation. Spermine and spermidine could protect cells against LPS-induced injury, and the content of spermine and spermidine in seminal plasma is positively correlated with sperm quality.

Encapsulation and Sustained Release of Quercetin-Loaded pH-Responsive Intelligent Nanovehicles Based on the Coassembly of Pea Protein Isolate and Hyaluronic Acid.

A pea protein isolate (PPI)-hyaluronic acid (HA) nanocarrier delivery system was created for quercetin (Que) encapsulation using the pH conversion strategy. The self-assembly of the PPI-HA binary nanocomplex (HPP) were mainly driven by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Que was successfully encapsulated in HPP nanocomposites (Que@HPP), which exhibited preferable redispersibility, and encapsulation efficiency (87.

Necroptosis in obesity: a complex cell death event.

Obesity is an exceedingly prevalent and frequent health issue in today's society. Fat deposition is accompanied by low-grade inflammation in fat tissue and throughout the body, leading to metabolic disorders that ultimately promote the onset of obesity-related diseases. The development of obesity is accompanied by cell death events such as apoptosis as well as pyroptosis, however, the role of necroptosis in obesity has been widely reported in recent years.

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Membrane Vesicles from Eubacterium rectale via the NLRP3 Signal Pathway.

Eubacterium rectale (E. rectale) has the ability to attenuate systemic and intestinal inflammation. Its naturally secreted membrane vesicles (MVs) likely play a crucial role in this process.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the kinesin gene superfamily suggests roles in response to abiotic stress and fertility of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Background: Kinesin is a motor for microtubule-based motility. It plays a vital role in plant growth and development. The kinesin superfamily members are known mainly from Arabidopsis.

Biomechanical research using advanced micro-nano devices: In-Vitro cell Characterization focus.

Background: Cells in the body reside in a dynamic microenvironment subjected to various physical stimuli, where mechanical stimulation plays a crucial role in regulating cellular physiological behaviors and functions.

Aim Of Review: Investigating the mechanisms and interactions of mechanical transmission is essential for understanding the physiological and functional interplay between cells and physical stimuli. Therefore, establishing an in vitro biomechanical stimulation cell culture system holds significant importance for research related to cellular biomechanics.

Effects of exopolysaccharides form Lactobacillus plantarum KX041 on high fat diet-induced gut microbiota and inflammatory obesity.

Lactobacillus plantarum KX041 is a probiotics obtained from early screening, which can relieve inflammation and enrich the anti-obesity intestinal flora, and produce high yield of exopolysaccharides (EPS). The extraction, structure and physicochemical properties of EPS have been completed earlier. However, whether the functional activity of L.

Design, Synthesis of Dienthiazole Derivatives, and Evaluation of Aphicidal Activity.

Nitrogen-containing heterocycles have attracted attention for the development of chemicals because of their many types, high physiological activities, and ease of synthesis. Aphids are severe pests found worldwide that cause serious losses in crop yield and quality every year. In this study, a series of novel dienolone thiazole derivatives were synthesized using dienolone acetate as the parent molecule.

Revealing genes related teat number traits via genetic variation in Yorkshire pigs based on whole-genome sequencing.

Background: Teat number is one of the most important indicators to evaluate the lactation performance of sows, and increasing the teat number has become an important method to improve the economic efficiency of farms. Therefore, it is particularly important to deeply analyze the genetic mechanism of teat number traits in pigs. In this study, we detected Single Nucleotide Ploymorphism (SNP), Insertion-Deletion (InDel) and Structural variant (SV) by high-coverage whole-genome resequencing data, and selected teat number at birth and functional teat number as two types of teat number traits for genome-wide association study (GWAS) to reveal candidate genes associated with pig teat number traits.

Extracellular enzymes as reliable indicators of long-term antimony contamination.

Antimony (Sb) contamination in soil has become a growing concern due to its toxic effects on ecological soil functions. Soil enzymes, which are effective biological indicators, play a crucial role in assessing the ecological impact of heavy metals in soil. However, the effects of Sb on soil enzyme activity, particularly during the ageing process, remain poorly understood.

Partially replacing dietary starch with soybean oil improved production performance of weaned Rex rabbits.

The differences between the high-starch diet commonly used in rabbit farming and the natural feeding habits of rabbits may pose certain health risks. In our study, we replaced part of the starch in the feed with soybean oil and conducted a four-week feeding trial with weaned Rex rabbits. The results indicated that rabbits fed the oil-supplemented diet had a lower incidence of diarrhea, improved growth performance, and higher feed conversion efficiency, along with increased absorptive capacity of small intestine.

Manipulating Near-Infrared Absorption via Engineering Anisotropic Plasmonic Spiky Au Nanocubes for the Highly Efficient Dual-Response Immune Detection of T-2 Toxin.

Integrating specific immune recognition, a desirable extinction coefficient, and conspicuous photothermal conversion ability into a single-immune probe to enhance the analysis performance represents an appealing yet significantly challenging task. Herein, by delicately manipulating the geometry of plasmonic nanoparticles from spherical to spiky, precise engineering approach-based spiky Au nanocubes (S-AuNCs) are employed to address this challenge, which fully exploits the plasmon resonance absorption-induced photothermal effect. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method was employed to computationally simulate the electromagnetic and thermal fields while assessing the feasibility of regulating plasmon resonance for enhanced photothermal absorption.

Characteristics of fluoride adsorption in different soil types: Potential factors and implications for environmental risk assessment.

The adsorption of fluoride by soils influences its mobility and bioavailability. Therefore, the fluoride adsorption process in soils has garnered widespread attention. Yet research on assessing environmental risk based on the characteristics of fluoride adsorption in soil is still limited.

Impact of diverse exogenous hormones on parthenocarpy, yield, and quality of pepino () in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau's natural conditions.

Unlabelled: Pepino (), native to the Andes Mountains, requires exogenous hormones in its brief frost-free plateau environment to induce parthenocarpy and ensure yield.The effects of different plant growth regulators and application methods on pepino's growth, yield, and fruit quality were analyzed. Results showed that exogenous plant growth regulators had significant effects on various plant traits For instance, plant height decreased by 43.

The impact of epidemic experiences on biosecurity behavior of pig farmers: an analysis based on protection motivation theory.

Farm biosecurity is considered an important component of "One Health". Biosecurity measures are crucial for preventing and controlling outbreaks and spread of diseases on farms. Protection motivation theory (PMT) links perception of risk and coping ability with taking preventive actions.

Potent Anti-Cancer Activity of 1-Dehydrodiosgenone from the Product of Microbial Transformation of Steroid Saponins.

Steroids are extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry as industrial raw materials for the production of anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor drugs. Microbial transformation, an environmentally friendly method, displays the potential for preparing steroids on an industrial scale. In this study, four steroids, including Diosgenin, Smilagenone, Yamogenin, and 1-Dehydrodiosgenone, were isolated and identified from the solid-state fermentation (SSF) product of a novel strain, and their anti-tumor activities were investigated.