Molecular characterization of a novel photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-B1a.3 and its effect on heading date in Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar Qingchun 37.

Breeders adjust wheat heading dates to improve regional adaptability and reduce or mitigate yield losses caused by meteorological disasters, pests and diseases. The Ppd-1 genes play a crucial role in determining wheat sensitivity to changes in day-length and serve as key regulators of heading dates once the vernalization requirement is satisfied. In this study, we identified a new allelic variant of the promoter region, Ppd-B1a.

Number of global change factors alters the relative roles of abundant and rare microbes in driving soil multifunctionality resistance.

There is increasing evidence that ecosystems are affected by multiple global change factors, impeding the sustainability of multiple soil functions. Biodiversity can buffer ecosystem functions against environmental changes, a concept largely supported by insurance and portfolio theories. However, the role of soil biodiversity, especially the diversity of abundant and rare microbial taxa, in regulating soil multifunctionality resistance under an increasing number of global change factors remains poorly explored.

Unraveling the drivers of optimal stomatal behavior in global C plants: A carbon isotope perspective.

Understanding the drivers of stomatal behavior is critical for modeling terrestrial carbon cycle and water balance. The unified stomatal optimization (USO) model provides a mechanistic linkage between stomatal conductance (g) and photosynthesis (A), with its slope parameter (g) inversely related to intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), providing a key proxy to characterize the differences in iWUE and stomatal behavior. While many studies have identified multiple environmental factors influencing g, the potential role of evolutionary history in shaping g remains incompletely understood.

Soil moisture determines effects of climates and soil properties on nitrogen cycling: Examination of arid and humid soils.

While soil moisture has a significant effect on nitrogen (N) cycling, how it influences the dependence of this important biological process on environmental factors is unknown. Specifically, it is unclear how the relationships of net N mineralization (N) and soil moisture vary with soil properties and climates. In turn, how the relationships of N vs.

Cross sectional associations of physical activity and sleep with mental health among Chinese university students.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the levels of physical activity (PA), sleep, and mental health (MH), specifically depression, anxiety, and stress, among Chinese university students. It also aimed to analyze the influencing factors of MH, providing a theoretical foundation for developing intervention programs to improve college students' mental health.

Methods: A stratified, clustered, and phased sampling method was employed.

Enhanced NSGA-II algorithm based on novel hybrid crossover operator to optimise water supply and ecology of Fenhe reservoir operation.

Reservoir-operation optimisation is a crucial aspect of water-resource development and sustainable water process management. This study addresses bi-objective optimisation problems by proposing a novel crossover evolution operator, known as the hybrid simulated binary and improved arithmetic crossover (SBAX) operator, based on the simulated binary cross (SBX) and arithmetic crossover operators, and applies it to the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms-II (NSGA-II) algorithm to improve the algorithm. In particular, the arithmetic crossover operator can obtain an optimal solution more precisely within the solution space, whereas the SBX operator can explore a broader range of potential high-quality solutions.

Total synthesis and target identification of marine cyclopiane diterpenes.

Marine cyclopianes are a family of diterpenoid with novel carbon skeleton and diverse biological activities. Herein, we report our synthetic and chemical proteomics studies of cyclopiane diterpenes which culminate in the asymmetric total synthesis of conidiogenones C, K and 12β-hydroxy conidiogenone C, and identification of Immunity-related GTPase family M protein 1 (IRGM1) as a cellular target. Our asymmetric synthesis commences from Wieland-Miescher ketone and features a sequential intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction and gold-catalyzed Nazarov cyclization to rapidly construct the 6-5-5-5 tetracyclic skeleton.

Dual-plasmonic eccentric nanostructure with prominent colorimetric and photothermal performance to detect zearalenone by dual signal immunochromatography assay.

In the study, an eccentric heterogeneous core-shell nanomaterial Au@CuSe was simply and rapidly synthesized. This novel nano-structure exhibits superior colorimetric intensity, enhanced antibody coupling efficiency, and strong broadband absorption across the visible to near-infrared spectrum, with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 59.40%.

Have human activities been accurately evaluated in sediment yield changes in the middle reaches of the Yellow River?

The middle reaches of the Yellow River (MRYR) in China are some of the most severely eroded areas in the world. Knowledge of the changes in sediment yield in the MRYR is of great significance for understanding the impact of human activities on soil erosion and sediment transport. Using data from the MRYR and 13 sub-basins, this study aims to evaluate the actual contributions of human activities to sediment yields and to examine whether the widely used Mann-Kendall test has underestimated this contribution.

Ecotoxicity of Biodegradable Microplastics and Bio-based Microplastics: A Review of in vitro and in vivo Studies.

As biodegradable and bio-based plastics increasingly replace conventional plastics, the need for a comprehensive understanding of their ecotoxicity becomes more pressing. This review systematically presents the ecotoxicity of the microplastics (MPs) from different biodegradable plastics and bioplastics on various animals and plants. High doses of polylactic acid (PLA) MPs (10%) have been found to reduce plant nitrogen content and biomass, and affect the accumulation of heavy metals in plants.

Evaluation of wheat drought resistance using hyperspectral and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging.

Photosynthesis drives crop growth and production, and strongly affects grain yields; therefore, it is an ideal trait for wheat drought resistance breeding. However, studies of the negative effects of drought stress on wheat photosynthesis rates have lacked accurate evaluation methods, as well as high-throughput techniques. We investigated photosynthetic capacity under drought stress in wheat varieties with varying degrees of drought stress resistance using hyperspectral and chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) imaging data.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and contrast-induced nephropathy risk: a meta-analysis.

Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an adverse renal event that occurs following the administration of contrast media for diagnostic procedures or therapeutic angiographic intervention. Nevertheless, there is currently no efficacious and safe agents for the treatment of CIN, except for hydration. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to verify the potential nephroprotective role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in the prevention of CIN.

Genome Sequencing and Metabolic Potential Analysis of .

is an edible and medicinal macrofungus with significant biological activity and broad pharmaceutical prospects that has received increasing attention in recent years. Although it is an important resource for macrofungi, knowledge of it remains limited. In this study, we sequenced, de novo assembled, and annotated the whole genome of using a PacBio Sequel II sequencer.

[Isolation, screening of zinc solubilizing microorganisms and its application in low zinc calcareous soil].

Inoculating zinc solubilizing microorganisms (ZSMs) is considered as a promising strategy for increasing Zn phytoavailability in soils with low Zn availability. In present study, we screened six strains of ZSMs from rhizosphere of green manure crop, including three strains of fungi, , and three strains of bacteria, . We conducted a pot experiment of Bok choy inoculated with different ZSMs to analyze the Zn content in shoots and roots, and compared the Zn solubilizing effect of ZSMs.

[Impacts of freeze-thaw process on soil microbial nutrient limitation in slope farmlands of the Chinese Mollisol region].

Understanding the impacts of freeze-thaw action on soil microbial nutrient limitation can provide important support for sustainable utilization of black soil resources. We analyzed the impacts of freeze-thaw action on soil microbial nutrient limitation on a slope farmland located in a typical thick Mollisol region of Keshan County, Heilongjiang Province. We examined the responses of soil microbial nutrient limitation to soil erosion rates through measuring soil nutrient, soil microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activities before and after freeze-thaw under natural conditions, and estimated the soil erosion rates by Cs tracing technology.

[Characteristics of soil carbon, nitrogen, and water of plantation along different vegetation restoration years in alpine sandy region].

As the most effective way to remedy and reconstruct the degraded ecosystems, vegetation restoration could affect soil carbon and nitrogen cycles and water balance. We examined the responses of carbon, nitrogen, and water in 0-200 cm soil layer to vegetation restoration years by analyzing their distribution characteristics across a restoration chronosequence of plantation (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years) in alpine sandy region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that the content and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) increased significantly, while that of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) decreased significantly with restoration years.

Secreted Xylanase PstXyn1 Contributes to Stripe Rust Infection Possibly by Overcoming Cell Wall Barrier and Suppressing Defense Responses in Wheat.

f. sp. () secretes a plethora of cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) to facilitate fungal invasion during infection.

Characterization and rational engineering of a novel laccase from Geobacillus thermocatenulatus M17 for improved lignin degradation activity.

Lignin, with its complex, high-molecular-weight aromatic polymer structure and stable ether or ester bonds, greatly impedes the efficient degradation of lignocellulosic waste. Bacterial laccases have gained attention for their potential in lignocellulosic waste degradation due to their resilience in extreme conditions and ability to be produced in large quantities. In this study, a novel laccase from Geobacillus thermocatenulatus M17 was identified and expressed in E.

Bacterial surface informatics reliant on multi-mechanism simultaneous detection for Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus.

Fully excavating and utilizing the rich information presented on bacterial surfaces can open innovative solutions for the multi-mechanism detection of food-borne pathogens. In this work, a colorimetric-fluorescence dual-signal lateral flow immunoassay was used to establish a simultaneous detection strategy integrating five physical, chemical, and biometric combining mechanisms for Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.

Design, Synthesis, and Fungicidal Activity of α-Methylene-γ-Butyrolactone Derivatives Bearing a Diphenyl Ether Moiety.

The γ-butyrolactone scaffold, commonly present in natural products and bioactive compounds, has played a crucial role in the development of novel pesticides. In this study, a series of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone derivatives containing a diphenyl ether moiety were designed and synthesized using the scaffold splicing strategy. Bioassays revealed that several target compounds demonstrated potent fungicidal activities, particularly against and .

[Progress and prospects of the effects and mechanisms of myokines in regulating fiber type transition of skeletal muscle].

The fiber type transition of skeletal muscle is an intricate and essential physiological process in the body, significantly influencing both the function and metabolism of skeletal muscle. This phenomenon is not only affected by external environmental changes but also intricately regulated by internal physiological mechanisms. Therefore, exploring the physiological process of muscle fiber type transition holds considerable significance for the treatment of human neuromuscular disorders and the improvement of meat quality in livestock and poultry.

Characterization of Helicobacter pylori immunoreactive proteins NusB, isoprenyl transferase, and hypothetical protein via immunoproteomics and molecular modeling approaches.

The microaerophilic Gram-negative bacterium H. pylori is associated with various gastric complications and affects nearly half of the global population. Current sero-diagnostic methods for H.