A review on forensic analysis of bio fluids (blood, semen, vaginal fluid, menstrual blood, urine, saliva): Spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic technique.

The accurate detection, identification, and analysis of biofluids at crime scenes play a critical role in forensic investigations. Various biofluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, menstrual blood, urine, and saliva, can be crucial evidence. In a murder case involving a knife attack, for instance, bloodstains from both the victim and perpetrator might be present.

Prevalence of gender-based violence and factors associated with help-seeking among university students in sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global public health problem. While research exists on GBV and associated help-seeking behaviors among university students, few studies have assessed the prevalence of GBV, including experiences and barriers to help-seeking, within sub-Saharan African university settings.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of GBV victimization among university students in six sub-Saharan African countries and describe experiences of formal and informal help-seeking among students who self-identified as victims of GBV since attending university.

Is Stopping of Testosterone-Lowering Medication in Men Convicted of Sexual Offenses Associated With an Increase in Recidivism Risk?

There is some evidence that testosterone-lowering medications (TLM) may be an effective treatment for men convicted of sexual offenses by attenuating paraphilic sexual fantasies and behaviors and reducing the recidivism risk. To date, however, only little is known about the effects of TLM stopping on risk-relevant aspects. Therefore, the current study aimed at examining the recidivism risk as measured by Stable-2007 as well as official records of reoffenses in 29 men having stopped TLM treatment as compared to 37 men with ongoing TLM treatment.

Day-level associations among alcohol use, simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use, and both regretted and positive romantic/sexual experiences.

Background: Young adults who drink heavily, including those who simultaneously use cannabis, experience both positive and regretted romantic/sexual experiences. Both gender and past sexual assault severity may also play a role in the valence of romantic/sexual experiences. The current study focuses on day-level correlates of romantic/sexual experiences, assessing whether: (1) number of drinks or simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use (vs.

Royal Canadian Mounted Police cadets' exposure to potentially psychologically traumatic events during the Cadet Training Program.

Lifetime exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs) among Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) cadets starting the Cadet Training Program (CTP) appear lower than exposures reported by serving RCMP, but the prevalence of PPTE exposures during the CTP remains unknown. The current study assessed PPTE exposures during the CTP and examined associations with mental disorders among RCMP cadets. Participants were cadets (n = 449, 24.

Online Sexual Offending Against Children: Recidivism Rates and Predictors.

Recidivism among individuals who have sexually offended poses a significant public health and safety concern. It is crucial to assess the predictive validity of traditional risk factors in individuals engaged in online child exploitation. This study examines recidivism rates and risk factors among individuals involved in online child sexual exploitation, analyzing data from a sample of 228 adult males who had committed sexual and nonsexual offenses at their index crime.

Building a research agenda on preventing and addressing sexual assault and intimate partner violence against trans people: a two-stage priority-setting exercise.

Background: Transgender (trans) people experience high rates of sexual assault (SA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) and seldom receive the care and supports they need post-victimization. However, there is little to no research that aids in the development or improvement of related interventions. We undertook a study to build a novel Canadian research agenda on SA/IPV against trans people to guide future work and address these profound gaps in knowledge.

Genital bleeding in prepubertal girls: a systematic review.

Introduction: This systematic review aims to collate evidence of the causes of genital bleeding, other than child sexual abuse and accidental injuries, presenting in prepubertal girls. It provides an update to the 2015 Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health publication 'The Physical Signs of Child Sexual Abuse', an evidence-based review also known as the Purple Book.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus databases were searched for studies published between March 2014 and June 2023.

Recent South African court rulings on failing to disclose HIV status to sexual partners.

In South Africa, the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) between partners is criminalised under general criminal law offences such as attempted murder, assault and rape, despite the absence of specific HIV-related legislation. Recent court cases have opened the door to securing convictions.Contribution: These cases highlight the serious legal consequences of non-disclosure and the importance of consent to sexual intercourse.

Malleable and Static Risk Factors Associated with Boys' Patterns of Interpersonal Violence: A Latent Class Analysis.

Despite an increased risk of committing and experiencing violence among adolescent boys, little is known about either how different types of violence co-occur within individuals or their association with different risk factors. This study used a person-centered approach to (1) identify patterns in boys' perpetration and victimization across a range of 7 types of interpersonal violence (bullying, electronic aggression, sexual harassment/aggression; and psychological/ physical/sexual dating violence); and (2) examine the association of these patterns with 12 risk factors at the individual, relational, and community level to inform future prevention efforts. We used latent class analysis to identify patterns of violence among a diverse sample of 239 adolescent boys from 12 schools in 4 regions of the United States.

Child Maltreatment Data After Implementation of Hospital-Wide Protocol and Utilization of Sexual Assault Forensic Examiners for Child Maltreatment Cases.

Background: Child maltreatment is a significant global health concern with significant morbidity and mortality. Sexual assault forensic examiners (SAFEs) provide a valuable skill set and may be utilized in child maltreatment evaluations.

Aim: The purpose of the study was to describe patient characteristics and trends after implementation of a hospital-wide standardized child maltreatment protocol including forensic examiners in child maltreatment cases.

Patient and Healthcare Provider Satisfaction with Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANEs): A Systematic Review.

: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that one in three women worldwide has experienced physical or sexual violence. In countries like the US, UK, and Canada, victims are often cared for by sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs), who are trained to conduct forensic exams and offer emotional support, reducing the risk of retraumatisation. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the satisfaction of patients and healthcare professionals with SANEs' services.

Child sexual abuse, adolescent/adult sexual violence, and sexual functioning among college women: a systematic review.

Background: Sexual violence, including childhood sexual abuse and adolescent/adult sexual assault, is a major public health concern, especially for college women. Sexual violence is associated with numerous negative consequences, including difficulties relating to sexual functioning. The current systematic review aimed to synthesize the existing research literature examining the association between sexual violence on sexual functioning among college women.

She Asked for It? Descriptions of Victims' Behaviors Are Associated With Sentencing in Norwegian Rape Trials.

Feminist theorists have long argued that rape myths contribute to normalizing sexual assault, through belittling and denying rape victims' claims. This study examines whether descriptions of victims' behaviors are associated with sentencing in rape trials. A total of 2054 Norwegian court decisions from 2013 to 2023 in judicial records were screened.

Participatory longitudinal qualitative interview study to understand Autistic gynaecological and obstetric health: the Autism from menstruation to menopause study protocol.

Introduction: Autism is a lifelong minority neurotype present from birth. There is a dearth of credible evidence to suggest gender variation in Autism prevalence, despite historical under-diagnosis of women. Autistic people Assigned Female At Birth (AFAB) have worse physical and mental health compared with non-Autistic peers.

Ecological Momentary Assessment of Mental Health Problems Among University Students: Data Quality Evaluation Study.

Background: The use of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) designs has been on the rise in mental health epidemiology. However, there is a lack of knowledge of the determinants of participation in and compliance with EMA studies, reliability of measures, and underreporting of methodological details and data quality indicators.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the quality of EMA data in a large sample of university students by estimating participation rate and mean compliance, identifying predictors of individual-level participation and compliance, evaluating between- and within-person reliability of measures of negative and positive affect, and identifying potential careless responding.

Causal Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Condom Negotiation Skills of Women with Varying Sexual Assault Histories.

Sexual assault victimization experience and alcohol consumption are well-documented HIV risk factors for women who have sex with men (WSM). Nonetheless, behavioral mechanisms of the synergistic effects of these factors on women's increased HIV risk are not well delineated. This study is the first to examine the interactive effects of sexual assault history and acute intoxication on women's condom negotiation behavior during a face-to-face role-play with a male actor.

Sexual violence associated with international travel: a review of 443 cases.

Background: Sexual violence (SV) while travelling internationally is underreported and pre-travel advice is often focussed on broader tourist safety concerns. International travellers who experience sexual violence face particular challenges. The aim of this paper was to analyse the attendances of people who disclosed having been subjected to SV during international travel to the Sexual Assault Treatment Unit (SATU) network in the Republic of Ireland.

Physical injury in men after sexual assault: An analysis of 137 cases.

Background: Data on the prevalence of physical injury in men who experience sexual assault are under-represented in the literature; the aim of this study is to inform this knowledge gap. It is vital that forensic examiners have access to up-to-date information regarding the prevalence of genito-anal and extra-genital injury, specific to their examination method (i.e.

Prevalence of probable post-traumatic stress disorder and experiences of trauma in emerging adults living with HIV in Zimbabwe.

Background: Little is known about the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in emerging adults living with HIV in low-income countries.

Aims: Determine prevalence of trauma exposure, prevalence of probable PTSD and conditional prevalence of probable PTSD for different traumatic events; and better understand the experiences of individuals with HIV and PTSD.

Method: This mixed method study used secondary data from a cross-sectional survey of people ( = 222) aged 18 to 29 living with HIV in Zimbabwe and primary qualitative data collection.

Interpersonal, Community, and Institutional Influences on Sexual Consent Among Fraternity and Sorority Students in the Context of a Hookup: A Qualitative Analysis.

College sexual assault is a persistent public health problem in the United States. A public health approach to develop effective prevention strategies must take into account the social ecology of college campuses, including interpersonal-, community-, and institutional-level factors that may influence sexual assault. To maximize effectiveness, prevention strategies should be tailored to reflect contextual factors of specific college communities and situations where sexual assault is more likely to occur.

Basic personality and actual criminal convictions.

Crime is an issue with severe consequences for individuals, economies, and society at large. Developing effective crime prevention strategies requires a clear understanding of who is likely to engage in crime and why. A promising approach in this regard likely is integrating established criminological theories with established models of basic personality structure.

Risk Factors for Consensual and Coercive Sexual Hookup Behaviors among College Men: A Daily Diary Study.

Objective: Hookup behaviors (HUBs; i.e., sexual activity outside an exclusive relationship with no mutual expectation of romantic commitment) are prevalent on college campuses and are linked with alcohol use and sexual assault.

Developing an Understanding of Complex Trauma Among Child Sexual Assault Survivors in South Africa: Implications for Practice.

South Africa has extraordinarily high levels of CSA with profound immediate and long-term mental health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the mental health adjustment of children who experienced CSA and accessed support services using mixed methods. Structured interviews using validated mental health screening tools were conducted with children, between the ages of 7-18 years at three intervals over a 10-month period.