Effects of Cannabidiol on Adaptive Behavior and Quality of Life in Pediatric Patients With Treatment-Resistant Epilepsy.

Background And Purpose: Data regarding the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on the quality of life (QOL) are currently inadequate. We assessed the QOL of pediatric patients with epilepsy who were treated with CBD.

Methods: This prospective, open-label study included pediatric and adolescent patients (aged 2-18 years) with Dravet syndrome or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Outbreak Without Influenza in the Second Year of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A National Sentinel Surveillance in Korea, 2021-2022 Season.

Background: This study aimed to investigate whether respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus (IFV) infections would occur in 2021-2022 as domestic nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are easing.

Methods: Data were collected from the Korean Influenza and Respiratory Virus Monitoring System database. The weekly positivity rates of respiratory viruses and number of hospitalizations for acute respiratory infections were evaluated (January 2016-2022).

A Radiomics-Based Model with the Potential to Differentiate Growth Hormone Deficiency and Idiopathic Short Stature on Sella MRI.

Purpose: We hypothesized that a radiomics approach could be employed to classify children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and idiopathic short stature (ISS) on sella magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Accordingly, we aimed to develop a radiomics prediction model for differentiating GHD from ISS and to evaluate the diagnostic performance thereof.

Materials And Methods: Short stature pediatric patients diagnosed with GHD or ISS from March 2011 to July 2020 at our institution were recruited.

Effects of the ketogenic diet therapy in patients with STXBP1-related encephalopathy.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the effects of ketogenic diet (KD) and modified Atkins diet (MAD) in patients with epileptic encephalopathy, caused by the STXBP1 (syntaxin-binding protein 1) gene mutation.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the data of patients with STXBP1-related epileptic encephalopathy who were started on either KD or MAD between January 1, 2005, and June 30, 2021, in Severance Children's Hospital.

Results: Twelve patients were examined.

Inter-Slice Resolution Improvement Using Convolutional Neural Network with Orbital Bone Edge-Aware in Facial CT Images.

The 3D modeling of orbital bones in facial CT images is essential to provide a customized implant for reconstructions of orbit and related structures during surgery. However, 3D models of the orbital bone show an aliasing effect and disconnected thin bone in the inter-slice direction because the slice thickness is two to three times larger than the pixel spacing. To improve the inter-slice resolution of facial CT images, we propose a method based on a 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) that uses the spatial information on the sagittal and axial planes and the orbital bone edge-aware (OBE) loss.

Brain network analysis of interictal epileptiform discharges from ECoG to identify epileptogenic zone in pediatric patients with epilepsy and focal cortical dysplasia type II: A retrospective study.

Objective: For patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, intracranial monitoring remains the gold standard for surgical intervention. Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the most common cause of pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy in pediatric patients who usually develop seizures in early childhood. Timely removal of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) is necessary to achieve lasting seizure freedom and favorable developmental and cognitive outcomes to improve the quality of life.

Treatment strategies for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: outcomes of multimodal treatment approaches.

Background: Multimodal treatment approaches are often considered for patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). Creating an algorithm that can guide healthcare providers in selecting treatment options for patients with LGS remains a challenge. Herein, we assessed the long-term seizure-free and neurodevelopmental outcomes of stepwise multimodal treatment in patients with LGS.

P50 implies adverse clinical outcomes in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome by reflecting extrapulmonary organ dysfunction.

Hypoxemia and multiple organ dysfunction are significant contributors to mortality in patients with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS). P50, the oxygen tension at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated, is a measure of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity, and its alteration might have implications for tissue hypoxia and organ dysfunction. The purpose of this single-center, retrospective study was to evaluate P50 levels in PARDS and to determine the association between P50 and clinical outcomes.

Effect of long-acting growth hormone treatment on endogenous growth hormone secretion in prepubertal patients with idiopathic short stature: A preliminary study.

Long-acting growth hormone (LAGH) is emerging to be a new preparation for treatment of short stature. We aimed to determine whether 12-month treatment with LAGH in patients with idiopathic short stature has an effect on the nocturnal endogenous growth hormone (GH) secretion and metabolic consequences and efficacy. Participants included 10 GH-naïve prepubertal children with idiopathic short stature (ISS).

Fate of hips complicated by avascular necrosis of the femoral head following reconstructive surgery in nonambulatory patients with cerebral palsy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) following hip reconstructions on the future hip development of cerebral palsy (CP) patients. A retrospective study of 394 hips in 205 nonambulatory patients with spastic CP who underwent reconstructive hip surgery was performed. The mean age at surgery was 7.

Matched Versus Mixed COVID-19 Vaccinations in Korean Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: An Observational Study.

Background: Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are vulnerable to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and exhibit poor antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccines. Herein, we compared the humoral immunogenicity of a mixed vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 [ChAd]/BNT162b2 [BNT]) with that of conventional matched vaccines (mRNA, adenoviral vector [AdV-Vec]) in SOTRs.

Methods: Serum samples were collected at Severance Hospital (Seoul, Korea) between September and October 2021 (14 d-5 mo after COVID-19 vaccination; V2).

The Changes in Epidemiology of Imipenem-Resistant Bacteremia in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit for 17 Years.

Background: infections cause high morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, there are limited data on the changes of long-term epidemiology of imipenem resistance in bacteremia among pediatric ICU (PICU) patients.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients with bacteremia in PICU of a tertiary teaching hospital from 2000 to 2016.

Combination therapy of liothyronine and levothyroxine for hypothyroidism-induced dilated cardiomyopathy.

Thyroid hormone plays a vital role in regulating human metabolism. They affect the functions of major organs, such as the brain, liver, skeletal muscle, and heart. Hypothyroidism can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy and decreased heart function.

Correction: Park et al. Genetic Study in Korean Pediatric Patients with Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome or Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. 2020, , 2013.

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Risk and protective factors for a salutogenic sense of health in adolescents with Moyamoya disease.

Purpose: To identify the risk and protective factors affecting a salutogenic sense of health in adolescents with Moyamoya disease based on Antonovsky's salutogenesis theory.

Methods: This study used a qualitative descriptive design. We interviewed adolescents diagnosed with Moyamoya disease and their parents and experts with experience in treating them from 4 July 2019 to 10 October 2019.

Comparison of Surgical Outcomes of Laparoscopic Glue and Laparoscopic Suture Hernioplasty in Pediatric Female Inguinal Hernia.

This study aimed to report the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic glue hernioplasty (LGH) compared with conventional laparoscopic suture hernioplasty (LSH) in pediatric female inguinal hernia repair. We retrospectively analyzed 465 female pediatric patients who underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair between January 2013 and December 2020. LGH and LSH were performed in 95 and 370 cases, respectively.

Comparison of the Modified TyG Indices and Other Parameters to Predict Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Youth.

We investigated the modified triglycerides-glucose (TyG) indices and other markers for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in 225 participants aged 10-19 years, and the participants were divided into subgroups according to their NAFLD grade. We performed logistic regression analysis and calculated the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of tertiles 2 and 3 for each parameter, with those of tertile 1 as a reference. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to compare the parameters for identifying NAFLD.

Food allergy in early childhood increases the risk of oral allergy syndrome in schoolchildren: A birth cohort study.

Background: The level of pollen in Korea has increased over recent decades. Research suggests that oral allergy syndrome (OAS) may be more frequent in childhood than previously recognized. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of OAS in children aged 6-10 years from a general-population-based birth cohort.

Clinical characteristics and treatments of multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children: a systematic review.

Objective: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) can occur in association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is not easy to differentiate MIS-C from severe COVID-19 or Kawasaki disease based on symptoms. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of MIS-C.

Insulin Requirement and Complications Associated With Serum C-Peptide Decline in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During 15 Years After Diagnosis.

Objective: C-peptide is conventionally used in assessing pancreatic function in patients with diabetes mellitus. The clinical significance of this molecule during the course of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been recently revisited. This study aimed to investigate the natural course of C-peptide in T1DM patients over the period of 15 years and analyze the association between the residual C-peptide and diabetes complications.

Tablet personal computer distraction during intravenous placement for young children in the pediatric emergency department: A pilot study.

Background: Intravenous (IV) placement is a common procedure experienced by children visiting the pediatric emergency department (PED). However, uncontrolled anxiety and pain cause children to interfere with the procedure. In this pilot study, we sought to evaluate the effectiveness of tablet personal computers as a distraction method during IV placement.

Metabolic Impacts of Discontinuation and Resumption of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Treatment during the Transition Period in Patients with Childhood-Onset Growth Hormone Deficiency.

Background: Discontinuing growth hormone (GH) treatment during the transition to adulthood has been associated with adverse health outcomes in patients with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency (CO-GHD). This study investigated the metabolic changes associated with interrupting GH treatment in adolescents with CO-GHD during the transition period.

Methods: This study included 187 patients with CO-GHD who were confirmed to have adult GHD and were treated at six academic centers in Korea.

Effective application of corpus callosotomy in pediatric intractable epilepsy patients with mitochondrial dysfunction.

Background: Whether epilepsy surgery, such as corpus callosotomy is effective in patients with pediatric intractable epilepsy with mitochondrial dysfunction is controversial, and there is a paucity of literature on this issue.

Objective: This study aimed to assess and describe the effective application of corpus callosotomy for treating pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy with mitochondrial dysfunction in a single institution in Korea.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy and mitochondrial dysfunction who underwent corpus callosotomy in a single tertiary care center.

Global population attributable fraction of potentially modifiable risk factors for mental disorders: a meta-umbrella systematic review.

Numerous risk factors for mental disorders have been identified. However, we do not know how many disorders we could prevent and to what extent by modifying these risk factors. This study quantifies the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) of potentially modifiable risk factors for mental disorders.