Comparative biomechanical analysis of reconstruction and cephalomedullary nails in the treatment of osteoporotic subtrochanteric fractures.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the biomechanical properties of two types of intramedullary nails - reconstruction nails (RCN) and cephalomedullary nails (CMN) - each with different proximal fixations, in a model of an osteoporotic subtrochanteric femoral fracture. This study focused on assessing stiffness and load to failure of RCN and CMN nails to provide insight into their clinical applications in osteoporotic fracture treatments.

Materials And Methods: Ten synthetic osteoporotic femoral models were used to generate a comminuted subtrochanteric fracture model.

Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Guidelines by the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases and the Korean Society for Transplantation.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most important opportunistic viral pathogen in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. The Korean guideline for the prevention of CMV infection in SOT recipients was developed jointly by the Korean Society for Infectious Diseases and the Korean Society of Transplantation. CMV serostatus of both donors and recipients should be screened before transplantation to best assess the risk of CMV infection after SOT.

The First Case of a Korean Patient with a Mutation-Confirmed Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Periodic Syndrome.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS, OMIM: #142680) is a rare autoinflammatory disease (AID) with recurrent febrile episodes. To our knowledge, we report herein the first case of a patient with TRAPS in South Korea whose symptoms included fever, arthralgia, abdominal pain, rash, myalgia, cough, and lymphadenopathy. A pathogenic de novo mutation, c.

Effectiveness and safety of pamidronate treatment in nonambulatory children with low bone mineral density.

Purpose: Nonambulatory pediatric patients may have low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of pathologic fractures. Though bisphosphonate therapy is the mainstream medical intervention in these children, clinical data regarding this treatment are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of bisphosphonate therapy in such children.

Comparison of elasticity changes in the paraspinal muscles of adolescent patients with scoliosis treated with surgery and bracing.

Scoliosis is a three-dimensional spinal deformity, and paraspinal muscles play an important role as stabilizers of the spinal curve. In this prospective study, we compared elasticity changes in the paraspinal muscles of adolescent patients with scoliosis after surgery or bracing. Elasticity was measured on the concave and convex sides of the paraspinal muscles at the apex of the curve at the beginning of treatment and 6 and 12 months after treatment.

Induced membrane technique with plate fixation has a lower complication rate than bone transport over a plate for segmental tibial defects larger than 5 cm.

Introduction: The treatment of segmental tibial bone defects remains a surgical challenge. While Bone Transport (BT) and Induced Membrane Technique (IMT) are effective strategies for regenerating bone, there are few comparative studies between them. This investigation undertakes a comparative analysis of BT and IMT for large segmental tibial defects stabilised through plate fixation.

Longitudinal progression trajectory of estimated glomerular filtration rate in children with chronic kidney disease: results from the KNOW-Ped CKD (KoreaN cohort study for Outcomes in patients With Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease).

Background: The natural course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in children varies according to their underlying conditions. This study aims to identify different patterns of subsequent decline in kidney function and investigate factors associated with different patterns of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectories.

Methods: We analyzed data from the KNOW-Ped CKD (KoreaN cohort study for Outcomes in patients With Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease), which is a longitudinal, prospective cohort study.

Prediction of effectiveness of universal rotavirus vaccination in Southwestern Vietnam based on a dynamic mathematical model.

Vaccinating young children against rotavirus (RV) is a promising preventive strategy against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE). We evaluated the relative risk reduction of RVGE induced by universal vaccination in Vietnam through dynamic model analysis. We developed an age-stratified dynamic Vaccinated-Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Susceptible model to analyze RV transmission and assess vaccine effectiveness (VE).

Aetiology and Prognosis of Encephalitis in Korean Children: A Retrospective Single-Centre Study, 2005-2020.

Purpose: Encephalitis is a heterogeneous syndrome that occurs in childhood and is not rare. However, epidemiological studies of encephalitis based on the International Encephalitis Consortium (ICS) and expert recommendations are lacking. We investigated the aetiology and prognosis of encephalitis in Korean children.

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for irritability in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis with the GRADE assessment.

Background: Numerous interventions for irritability in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been investigated. We aimed to appraise the magnitude of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for irritability in ASD without any restrictions in terms of eligible interventions.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science until April 15, 2023.

Saliva-based Proteinase K method: A rapid and reliable diagnostic tool for the detection of SARS-COV-2 in children.

Early and accurate detection of viruses in children might help prevent transmission and severe diseases. In this study, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) detection in children was evaluated using saliva specimens with a Proteinase K (PTK)-based RNA preparation, as saliva collection is a simple and noninvasive procedure, even in young children, with fewer concerns about sample contamination. The saliva-based PTK and the conventional paired nasopharyngeal aspiration (NPA)-based detection methods were compared between COVID-19-positive and -negative children.

Changes in tuberculosis risk after transplantation in the setting of decreased community tuberculosis incidence: a national population-based study, 2008-2020.

Background: Transplant recipients are immunocompromised and vulnerable to developing tuberculosis. However, active tuberculosis incidence is rapidly declining in South Korea, but the trend of tuberculosis infection among transplant recipients has not been elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of active tuberculosis after transplantation, including risk factors for tuberculosis and standardized incidence ratios, compared with that in the general population.

Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia via Whole Exome Sequencing and Histologic Findings.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic potential of whole-exome sequencing (WES) and elucidate the clinical and genetic characteristics of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) in the Korean population.

Materials And Methods: Forty-seven patients clinically suspected of having PCD were enrolled at a tertiary medical center. WES was performed in all patients, and seven patients received biopsy of cilia and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Risk of Severe COVID-19 and Protective Effectiveness of Vaccination Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.

Background: Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at higher risk for severe infection. However, the risk for severe COVID-19 and vaccine effectiveness among SOTRs remain unclear.

Methods: This retrospective study used a nationwide health care claims database and COVID-19 registry from the Republic of Korea (2020 to 2022).

Optimal timing of surgery for prenatally diagnosed choledochal cysts.

Objective: Choledochal cysts are increasingly being diagnosed antenatally. The appropriate time of surgical treatment has the greatest impact on the prognosis of choledochal cyst treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of prenatally diagnosed choledochal cysts in infants according to the surgical treatment timing.

Common genes and recurrent causative variants in 957 Asian patients with pediatric epilepsy.

Objective: We aimed to identify common genes and recurrent causative variants in a large group of Asian patients with different epilepsy syndromes and subgroups.

Methods: Patients with unexplained pediatric-onset epilepsy were identified from the in-house Severance Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Epilepsy Database. All patients underwent either exome sequencing or multigene panels from January 2017 to December 2019, at Severance Children's Hospital in Korea.