Efficacy and Safety of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Brinzolamide 1%/Timolol 0.5% vs. Dorzolamide 2%/Timolol 0.5% in Indian Patients With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: A Randomized Phase 3 Study.

Introduction Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) have the potential in glaucoma management to improve efficacy due to the complementary mechanism of action of the drugs as well as compliance while reducing adverse effects by minimizing exposure to preservatives and the financial burden on the patients. FDC of brinzolamide/timolol has demonstrated efficacy and safety in multinational phase 3 studies in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension. However, efficacy and safety in the Indian population are not known.

Effects of the Change in Respiratory Kinematics on the Singing Voice: Re-Visiting the Benefits of Diaphragmatic-Abdominal Breathing in Professional Singers with Problems in Pitch.

To assess the effect of voice therapy on pitch in professional singers with faulty respiratory kinematics. In this prospective interventional study, professional singers with easy voice fatigability and inability to reach higher pitches, following appropriate selection criteria, were subjected to a 1-month structured voice therapy that transformed their predominant breathing pattern from thoracic to diaphragmatic-abdominal. Acoustic parameters (pitch range and its extreme values before/after therapy, and difference in pitch range) were analyzed using Praat software and compared using standard statistical methods (paired -test).

Etiological spectrum of acute kidney injury and adverse outcome: A single-center observation.

Background: The present study aims to evaluate the etiological spectrum with clinicopathological parameters and adverse outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods: A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted for a spectrum of AKI in 103 AKI patients and their AKI-associated adverse outcomes. The AKI patients were included as per the KDIGO definition.

Resuscitation following trauma & role of trauma training programmes in emergency settings: A literature review & survey.

Background & objectives Traumatic injuries, especially in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs), present significant challenges in patient resuscitation and healthcare delivery. This study explores the role of trauma training programmes in improving patient outcomes and reducing preventable trauma-related deaths. Methods A dual approach was adopted, first a literature review of trauma training in LMICs over the past decade, along with a situational assessment survey.

Consensus recommendations for acute trauma care & outcomes in LMICs from the transdisciplinary research, advocacy & implementation network for trauma in India.

Background & objectives Injuries profoundly impact global health, with substantial deaths and disabilities, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper presents strategic consensus from the Transdisciplinary Research, Advocacy, and Implementation Network for Trauma in India (TRAIN Trauma India) symposium, advocating for enhanced, system-level trauma care to address this challenge. Methods Five working groups conducted separate literature reviews on pre-hospital trauma care, in-hospital trauma resuscitation and training, trauma systems, trauma registries, and India's Towards Improving Trauma Care Outcomes (TITCO) registry.

A Cross-Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Metabolic Syndrome Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background And Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as a "constellation" of cardiometabolic risk factors, characterized by hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, prothrombotic and proinflammatory conditions which, jointly, increase the risk of suffering cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thyroid dysfunction is also believed to affect parameters such as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, plasma glucose, and blood pressure, in turn increasing the risk of CVD. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), which independently raises the risk of CVDs and their associated complications, is more frequently detected in patients with MetS compared to the general population.

Antegrade Wire Tracking of the Retrograde Tract (ATRT): A Novel Technique for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusion.

Background: Chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions are the most challenging subset of coronary lesions. For lesions with a failed antegrade approach, the initial retrograde, followed by a combined retrograde and antegrade approach, remains the mainstay of therapy.

Objective: The study evaluated a technique of initial retrograde followed by an antegrade approach to treat lesions with a failed antegrade approach.

A Splenic Infarct in Scrub Typhus: A Rare Entity.

Scrub typhus is a zoonotic feverish condition that can range from mild to severe, potentially life-threatening symptoms. Common signs include fever, headache, muscle pain, and a skin rash. Although rare, splenic infarction is a known complication of scrub typhus, with only a limited number of cases documented in medical literature.

Expert panel opinion on adult pneumococcal vaccination in the post-COVID era (NAP- EXPO Recommendations-2024).

Introduction: Pneumococcal diseases pose a significant public health concern in India, with substantial morbidity and mortality, with the elderly and those with coexisting medical conditions being most at risk. Pneumococcus was also seen to be one of the main reasons for co-infection, pneumonia and complications in COVID. Current guidelines recommend vaccination for specific adult populations, but there is a lack of uniformity and guidance on risk stratification, prioritisation and optimal timing.

Effect of α-blockers on Handgrip Test Response of Diastolic Blood Pressure in Hypertensive, Benign Hypertrophy of Prostate Patients in a Therapeutics Clinic, Kolkata: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: The isometric handgrip (IHG) test is commonly used to detect sympathetic autonomic dysfunction. Tamsulosin, approved for the management of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), acts as an antagonist for α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-AR), whereas prazosin, an α receptor blocker, being less selective than tamsulosin, is used as an antihypertensive agent clinically. Our objective was to investigate if there is a distinction in blood pressure (BP) increase during IHG exercise between individuals with essential hypertension taking tamsulosin compared to those taking prazosin.

Biosimilar in Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Breast cancer (BC) has been identified as a major public health cancer as it topped the list of most prevalent cancers among women in the last three years. Rigorous research has been conducted to improve the prognosis of cancer therapies since the time of inception. Recent advancements in cancer therapy have introduced monoclonal biosimilars as a promising treatment alternative.

Vildagliptin inhibits high fat and fetuin-A mediated DPP-4 expression, intracellular lipid accumulation and improves insulin secretory defects in pancreatic beta cells.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), a ubiquitous proteolytic enzyme, inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells by inactivating circulating incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP. High circulating levels of DPP-4 is presumed to compromise insulin secretion in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our group recently reported lipid induced DPP-4 expression in pancreatic beta cells, mediated by the TLR4-NFkB pathway.

Transcarpal Motor Conduction Velocity: Repeatability and Application in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Background: Conduction velocity of the short segment of the median motor nerve, (transcarpal motor conduction velocity (TCMCV)), has been used to increase diagnostic yield in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, repeatability of this parameter has not been studied till date. It has not been used as an indicator of response to treatment.

Association of adipocyte size and SREBP-1c in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Non-obese type 2 diabetes seems to be common in India; hence the current study tried to understand the pathogenesis of diabetes in this group focusing on the role of adipocytes especially abdominal fat compartment. Comparison was made between non-obese subjects with newly detected diabetes and those without diabetes, in relation to levels of adipogenic factor and adipokines in pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes respectively.

Research Design Methods: Non-obese subjects (BMI-18-25 Kg/m) were consecutively selected of whom 15 had newly-detected, treatment naïve type 2 diabetes (HbA1% ≥6.

An Observational Study on Metabolic Derangements in People Living with HIV.

Background: HIV infection is a global pandemic. The adult HIV prevalence in India is 0.22%.

Dengue and Scrub Typhus Coinfection: A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Due to overlapping clinical features, scrub typhus infection may be missed in presence of dengue. Concurrent infection with those two pathogens is rare and creates a diagnostic dilemma. We present a case of a 65-year-old male who was admitted with a high-grade fever and maculopapular rash.