A literature review of consent declines and consent withdrawals in randomized controlled trials conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: We evaluated the extent of consent declines and consent withdrawals during the COVID-19 pandemic as seen in published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and compared it with non-COVID-19 RCTs published at the same time and two historical controls.

Methods: PubMed/Medline only was searched using key-word "COVID-19" and "RCTs" separately, and filtered for COVID-19 RCTs and non-COVID-19 RCTs respectively, published during a nine-month period (1 Feb - 1 Nov 2020). Exclusions were study protocols, observational studies, interim analysis of RCT data and RCTs with missing data.

Are we neglecting long-term effects of vertebral shortening on pulmonary function in spinal tuberculosis?

Purpose: In developing part of the world, it is common to see complete destruction of vertebral bodies in tuberculosis. Our study aims to assess the effect of spinal tuberculosis with vertebral shortening on pulmonary function.

Methods: Fifty cases of spinal TB (14 males, 36 females) managed both operatively and non-operatively, who presented to tertiary care institute between years 2011 and 2016 were assessed.

Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms - our surgical experience of 7 years.

Introduction: Aneurysms of sinuses of Valsalva are rare aortic anomalies having an incidence of 1.4-4.94% in the Asian population.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the cavernous sinus-A rare occurrence.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a benign, reactive proliferation of endothelial cells within areas of thrombus. It most commonly occurs in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, with less than 40 cases reported in intracranial location. Ours is the first case report from India of IPEH in the cavernous sinus.

Melanoma of the central nervous system: A report of three cases.

Melanomas within the Central Nervous System (CNS) are most commonly metastatic lesions, with primary melanomas comprising only 0.05-0.07% of all brain tumors.

HER-2 Neu gene: A valuable therapeutic target in metastatic mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Introduction: Salivary gland neoplasms (SGNs) respond poorly to the traditional chemotherapy agents limiting the availability of systemic treatment options in the metastatic setting. The recent identification of actionable molecular targets in SGNs has led to the evaluation of targeted therapies in non-approved advanced SGNs.

Case Report: We present the case of an elderly male with HER-2 Neu overexpressing metastatic mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) who demonstrated a prompt and sustained disease response to targeted therapies directed against HER-2 Neu with long survival interrupted by hepatoxicity to Trastuzumab emtansine (TDM-1) treatment.

Largest neurosurgical social media group and its impact on communication and research.

Background: The use of social media to communicate and disseminate knowledge has increased exponentially, especially in the field of neurosurgery. 'Neurosurgery cocktail' (NC) was developed by a group of young neurosurgeons as a means of sharing didactic materials and clinical experiences via social media. It connects 35.

Successful Rechallenge with Osimertinib after Very Acute Onset of Drug-Induced Pneumonitis.

Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DI-ILD) is a rare, yet life-threatening complication associated with tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-TKI, osimertinib use can be associated with a benign radiological finding called transient asymptomatic pulmonary opacities that can be confused with an infectious pulmonary process resulting in overtreatment with antibiotics or premature treatment withdrawal or severe DI-ILD. In this case, our patient with newly diagnosed metastatic non-small cell lung cancer on treatment with osimertinib developed very early onset severe DI-ILD (grade-IV) with a unique pattern of pulmonary involvement and was treated with high-dose corticosteroids with a response.

Perineal Post-related Vulvar Necrosis: A Rare Case Series and Review of Literature.

Vulvar necrosis is a rare complication after lower limb fractures and hip surgeries either due to direct damage to internal pudendal artery or post-surgery ischemic necrosis due to use of a perineal post. We present a series of 3 cases post-orthopedic surgeries with vulvar necrosis. All three patients presented to us after history of orthopedic surgeries which used a perineal post intraoperatively.

Recurrent symptomatic vertebral hemangioma in pregnancy managed with decompression and vertebroplasty.

Background: Vertebral hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor of the spine that occurs in the endothelial lining of blood vessels. The majority of these lesions are detected incidentally on routine magnetic resonance imaging scans. Rarely, lesions can increase in size and result in neurological deterioration.

Psychopathology, perceived social support, and coping in survivors of adult sexual assault: A cross-sectional hospital-based study.

Background: Adult sexual assault (ASA) is often associated with negative mental health consequences. The psychological needs of ASA survivors are overlooked while the legal and social needs focused on.

Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study.

Femoral Head Fracture Without Associated Hip Dislocation.

We present a rare case of femoral head indentation fracture without associated hip dislocation in an elderly female secondary to a low-energy trauma. She was managed with primary total hip arthroplasty and achieved an excellent functional outcome. We have proposed the mechanism of injury and discussed shortcomings in the present classification systems.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on epilepsy practice in India: A tripartite survey.

Objective: To assess the impact of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on epilepsy care in India.

Methods: We conducted a three-part survey comprising neurologists, people with epilepsy (PWE), and 11 specialized epilepsy centers across India. We sent two separate online survey questionnaires to Indian neurologists and PWE to assess the epilepsy practice, seizures control, and access to care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Dysplasia and anomalies of atlas result in pediatric torticollis: A case report and literature review.

Background: Often, the cause of bony torticollis is difficult to determine, especially in cases of multiple craniovertebral junction anomalies.

Case Description: We report a rare case of a dysplastic C1 vertebra (assimilation to the right occiput and C2, a nonseparated left odontoid, and discontinuity in both anterior and posterior arches of the atlas) in a 6-year-old child with progressive torticollis. Notably, the mechanism of torticollis was not a rotatory subluxation of C1-C2, but differential growth between C1-C2.

Management dilemma of tuberculous paraplegia in pregnancy - A case report and review of literature.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB)/tuberculous spondylodiscitis of the spine causing paraplegia in the 2 trimester of pregnancy is rare and poses significant management dilemmas. Pregnancy, a relatively immunocompromised state with high hormonal levels, may prompt rapid TB destruction of a vertebral body resulting in an acute/ profound neurological deficit. Here, a pregnant paraplegic mother was diagnosed with spondylodiscitis that warranted immediate decompression/fusion to achieve neurological recovery.

An Unusual Midfoot Dislocation Involving Naviculocuneiform and Calcaneocuboid Joint Following Low-Energy Injury: A Case Report.

Introduction: Midfoot injuries involving naviculocuneiform and calcanealcuboid joints are very rare. These injuries result from high-energy crushing trauma and most often causes dislocation of the midfoot in plantar direction.

Case Report: A 30-year-old female sustained an injury to the left foot after a fall from a very low height.