Clinical experience of cefiderocol.

Infections by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms could be considered a "stealth pandemic" that we fight daily in most hospitals. Some estimates suggest that today 700,000 deaths per year can be attributed to antimicrobial resistance. By the year 2050, it is estimated that this will increase to ten million deaths per year as a result of infections by multidrug-resistant microorganisms.

Linezolid for infective endocarditis: A structured approach based on a national database experience.

Current data on the frequency and efficacy of linezolid (LNZ) in infective endocarditis (IE) are based on small retrospective series. We used a national database to evaluate the effectiveness of LNZ in IE.This is a retrospective study of IE patients in the Spanish GAMES database who received LNZ.

Double treatment with paricalcitol-associated calcifediol and cardiovascular risk biomarkers in haemodialysis.

Background: The deficit of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a frequent finding in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on haemodialysis (HD). These events are associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates of cardiovascular (CV) origin. Adequate 25OHD serum levels as well as the use of selective vitamin D receptor activators (VDRA) have been shown to have beneficial and independent effects on bone mineral metabolism and cardiovascular risk.

[Detection of latent tuberculosis infection in peritoneal dialysis patients: new methods].

Objective: The risk for tuberculosis (TB) is increased in patients with chronic renal failure and dialysis. Tuberculin skin test (TST) is the classical diagnostic method for screening despite its low sensitivity. New methods based on interferon-gamma have been developed.

[Assessment of cerebral blood flow in patients with eating disorders in the acute clinical phase using Tc99m-HMPAO spect].

Objective: To assess the status of cerebral perfusion in patients with eating disorders (ED) in the acute phase of the disease.

Materials And Methods: Seventeen patients, with a mean age of 22 years, diagnosed with ED according to DSM-III-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) criteria and under close clinical monitoring were studied in the initial acute phase of their disease. Brain SPECT with 15 mCi of Tc99m HMPAO was performed on all patients and assessed using visual and semi-quantitative analysis.

[Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (Dravet's syndrome). Some genetic aspects].

Aims: The purpose of this study is to survey the data from the literature on the subject of the possible genetic origin of severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI).

Development: SMEI must inevitably be included within the phenotype of febrile seizures, which is made up of febrile seizures, febrile seizures plus, generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, myoclonic astatic epilepsy and SMEI itself. We describe the five gene loci localized in children with febrile seizures (FEB 1 5), the three genes identified in patients with generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+ 1 3) and the de novo mutations of gene SCN1A that have been identified to date in children with SMEI.

[Bone scintigraphy in Erdheim-Chester disease].

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare disorder with fewer than 80 cases reported in the world. It consists of a non-Langerhans' cell histiocytosis that usually presents as pain due to bone involvement; however, the prognosis is marked by extraskeletal involvement. Although the final diagnosis needs an anatomophatologic study (normally through a bone biopsy), radiologic and scintigraphic findings are quasi pathognomonic.

[Gabapentin: its mechanisms of action in the year 2003].

Aims: The purpose of our study was to survey the data from the main research work published about the mechanisms of action of gabapentin.

Development: In addition to an unquestionable Gabaergic effect, gabapentin is the first antiepileptic that has been shown to have an effect on the a2d subunit of the voltage dependent calcium channels and on hyperpolarization activated cationic (Ih) currents. Gabapentin also exerts an indirect effect on the voltage dependent sodium channels, slightly inhibits glutamate and reduces the excretion of certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine and noradrenalin.

[Risk factors and stroke among patients of different ages].

Objective: To determine the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in patients of different ages with ischemic cerebrovascular accident.Patients and methods. Descriptive, retrospective study of 1,077 patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack.

[Advances in physiopathology and the treatment of neuropathic pain].

Aims: In this paper we review the most significant studies on the treatment of neuropathic pain over the last few decades, as well as the most recent research work in which the physiopathological mechanisms of pain, with the intention of looking for evidence based criteria that can help us to choose the most appropriate treatment.

Method: The physiopathological bases of neuropathic pain are founded, peripherally, on alterations in the neuronal excitability mediated by voltage dependent sodium channels; from the central point of view, the chief neurotransmitter involved is glutamate, which allows calcium to enter through the N-methyl D-aspartate receptor and conditions a more prolonged depolarisation and the activation of secondary messengers. This determines the chronification of the pain.

[Advances in the physiopathology of epileptogenesis: molecular aspects].

Objective: We review the molecular basis of epileptogenesis and the new perspectives in the treatment of epilepsy.

Development: Epileptogenesis are the molecular and cellular events producing the disordered firing of a subpopulation of neurons resulting in periodic seizures. Epilepsies may be due to genetic and acquired factors.

[Pre and perioperative factors determining early in-hospital mortality in patients over 75 years of age undergoing cardiac surgery].

Introduction And Objectives: To know the in-hospital morbidity and mortality and the related factors in patients over 75 years old undergoing cardiac surgery.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out in 252 out of 2043 consecutive patients (129 female, 123 male) over 75 years of age (mean age 77.8 years; range 75 to 89 years) undergoing open heart surgery from january 1, 1994 to november 30, 1997.