Short- and long-term efficacy of electroconvulsive stimulation in animal models of depression: The essential role of neuronal survival.

Background: Severe and medication-resistant psychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, can be effectively and rapidly treated by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Despite extensive long-standing clinical use, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the curative action of ECT remain incompletely understood.

Objective: Unravel biological basis of electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS) efficacy, the animal equivalent of ECT.

Early weight gain predicts later weight gain in depressed patients treated with antidepressants: Findings from the METADAP cohort.

Background: Weight gain is a major side effect of antidepressant (AD) drugs. We assessed whether early weight gain is a predictor for long term weight gain in depressed patients treated with antidepressants.

Methods: In the six month prospective METADAP cohort, 260 non-overweight patients with a major depressive disorder (MDD), who have recently experienced a Major Depressive Episode (MDE) were assessed for early weight gain (>3%,>5%, and >7%) after one month of treatment, and for long term weight gain (>15% and >20%) after three and six months of treatment.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β genetic polymorphisms and insomnia in depressed patients: A prospective study.

Background: 80-90% of patients with Major Depressive Episode (MDE) experience insomnia and up-to 50% severe insomnia. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK3B) is involved both in mood regulation and circadian rhythm. Since GSK3B polymorphisms could affect protein levels or functionality, we investigated the association of GSK3B polymorphisms with insomnia in a sample of depressed patients treated with antidepressants.

Visual search for verbal material in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This study aimed at investigating attentional mechanisms in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by analysing how visual search processes are modulated by normal and obsession-related distracting information in OCD patients and whether these modulations differ from those observed in healthy people. OCD patients were asked to search for a target word within distractor words that could be orthographically similar to the target, semantically related to the target, semantically related to the most typical obsessions/compulsions observed in OCD patients, or unrelated to the target. Patients' performance and eye movements were compared with those of individually matched healthy controls.

Automatic social comparison: Cognitive load facilitates an increase in negative thought accessibility after thin ideal exposure among women.

Women are routinely exposed to images of extremely slim female bodies (the thin ideal) in advertisements, even if they do not necessarily pay much attention to these images. We hypothesized that paradoxically, it is precisely in such conditions of low attention that the impact of the social comparison with the thin ideal might be the most pronounced. To test this prediction, one hundred and seventy-three young female participants were exposed to images of the thin ideal or of women's fashion accessories.

Framingham coronary score in individuals with symptoms or diagnoses of mental disorders: A review and meta-analysis.

Patients with mental disorders have a higher coronary morbidity and mortality as compared to the general population. However, it remains unclear whether their coronary risk scores are higher than those of the general population. We reviewed studies and meta-analyze case-control studies about coronary risk scores in individuals with symptoms or diagnoses of mental disorders.

Evaluative conditioning: A brief computer-delivered intervention to reduce college student drinking.

Background: Recent research suggests that a brief computer-delivered intervention based on evaluative conditioning (EC) can change the implicit evaluation of alcohol and reduce drinking behaviors among college students. We tested whether we could obtain similar findings in a high-powered preregistered study and whether hazardous drinking moderates these effects.

Method: Before the intervention, 122 French college students were screened for hazardous drinking using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT).

Exploring venlafaxine pharmacokinetic variability with a phenotyping approach, a multicentric french-swiss study (MARVEL study).

Background: It is well known that the standard doses of a given drug may not have equivalent effects in all patients. To date, the management of depression remains mainly empirical and often poorly evaluated. The development of a personalized medicine in psychiatry may reduce treatment failure, intolerance or resistance, and hence the burden and costs of mood depressive disorders.

Atropinic (anticholinergic) burden in antipsychotic-treated patients.

Antipsychotic drugs possess side atropinic (anticholinergic) properties that may induce several adverse drug reactions (ADRs), such as memory loss or cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate anticholinergic burden in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs. All ADR reports including at least one antipsychotic and registered between 2000 and 2015 in the Midi-Pyrénées PharmacoVigilance Database were extracted and analyzed using the Anticholinergic Duran's list.

[From the perinatal period to adolescence: the three stages of coordination].

The need for coordinated organisation between infant-child psychiatry and adult psychiatry is highlighted through key periods, with the aid of a clinical case: the perinatal period and the hospitalisation of a mother with her child; the psychiatric support of the unwell mother and that of her daughter; then the transition for the 16-year-old teenager towards adult psychiatry. Taking into consideration the mother-child bond is essential and requires collaborative care projects, the creation of opportunities for joint reflection and organisation, and the acknowledgement that internal institutional divisions exist which are too often denied.

Modeling a linkage between blood transcriptional expression and activity in brain regions to infer the phenotype of schizophrenia patients.

Unlabelled: Hundreds of genetic loci participate to schizophrenia liability. It is also known that impaired cerebral connectivity is directly related to the cognitive and affective disturbances in schizophrenia. How genetic susceptibility and brain neural networks interact to specify a pathological phenotype in schizophrenia remains elusive.

Are circadian rhythms new pathways to understand Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a frequent neurodevelopmental disorder. ASD is probably the result of intricate interactions between genes and environment altering progressively the development of brain structures and functions. Circadian rhythms are a complex intrinsic timing system composed of almost as many clocks as there are body cells.

The Prevalence of Mental Disorders Among Children and Adolescents in the Child Welfare System: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

It remains unclear whether children and adolescents in the child welfare system (CWS) exhibit a higher prevalence of mental disorders compared with the general population. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of mental disorders in the CWS.A ll of the epidemiological surveys assessing the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents in the CWS were included.

Role of serotonin 5-HT2C and histamine H1 receptors in antipsychotic-induced diabetes: A pharmacoepidemiological-pharmacodynamic study in VigiBase.

Pharmacodynamic mechanisms of diabetes induced by antipsychotic drugs remain unclear, while numerous receptors have been suspected to be involved in the genesis of this Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR). We investigated potential relationships between antipsychotics׳ receptor occupancy (serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, histamine H1, muscarinic M3, adrenergic α1, α2 or dopaminergic D2 D3 occupancies) and reports of diabetes using VigiBase(®), the World Health Organization (WHO) global Individual Case Safety Report (ICSR) database. All ADR reports from 15 first and second generation antipsychotic drugs recorded in VigiBase(®) were extracted.

Wechsler profiles in referred children with intellectual giftedness: Associations with trait-anxiety, emotional dysregulation, and heterogeneity of Piaget-like reasoning processes.

Background/purpose: It is common that intellectually gifted children (IQ ≥ 130) are referred to paediatric or child neuropsychiatry clinics for socio-emotional problems and/or school underachievement or maladjustment. Among them, those displaying developmental asynchrony - a heterogeneous developmental pattern reflected in a significant verbal-performance discrepancy (SVPD) on Wechsler's intelligence profile - are thought to be more emotionally and behaviourally impaired than others. Our purpose was to investigate this clinical dichotomy using a cognitive psychopathological approach.