[Psychopathological consequences of confinement].

The psychological effects of isolation have already been described in the literature (polar expeditions, submarines, prison). Nevertheless, the scale of confinement implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented. In addition to reviewing the published studies, we need to anticipate the psychological problems that could arise during or at a distance from confinement.

Predicting relapse in patients with severe alcohol use disorder: The role of alcohol insight and implicit alcohol associations.

Low insight is reported as a risk factor for relapse among patients treated for alcohol use disorders. However, to date, little is known on why patients with low insight are at higher risk for relapse. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that an implicit preference for alcohol over abstinence predicts relapse in patients with low, but not high, alcohol insight.

Severe insomnia is associated with metabolic syndrome in women over 50 years with major depression treated in psychiatry settings: a METADAP report.

Introduction: Major depression is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. We have previously shown that severe insomnia, a core symptom of major depression episode (MDE), is associated with hypertriglyceridemia, a component of metabolic syndrome, in women but not in men with major depression. Since insomnia is related to cardiovascular morbidity in the general population and major depression also, our objective was to assess the link between insomnia and metabolic syndrome, a marker syndrome of cardiovascular risk, during MDE, in women and in men.

Adherence to treatment guidelines in clinical practice for using electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive episode.

Background: ECT is the most effective treatment of major depressive episode (MDE) but remains a neglected treatment. The French Society for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology aimed to determine whether prescribing practice of ECT followed guidelines recommendations.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study included adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD), who have been treated with ECT for MDE.

Childhood maltreatment and clinical severity of treatment-resistant depression in a French cohort of outpatients (FACE-DR): One-year follow-up.

Background: Childhood maltreatment is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). It not only increases the risk of lifetime MDD, but it also aggravates its course. Among depressed patients, 20-30% of them experience treatment-resistance depression (TRD).

Effects of a life-skills-based prevention program on self-esteem and risk behaviors in adolescents: a pilot study.

Background: Risk behaviors among young people are a major social and public health issue. This study aims to assess the impact of a life-skills-based prevention program (called Mission Papillagou) on self-esteem, well-being, and risk behaviors among adolescents.

Method: In a two-arm controlled study involving 520 school pupils aged between 10 and 15 years old, participants taking part in the prevention program (the Papillagou group) were compared to pupils who did not take part (the control group).

Lower plasma vascular endothelial growth factor A in major depressive disorder not normalized after antidepressant treatment: A case control study.

Objective: Vascular endothelial growth factor A is a growth factor with pro-angiogenic and neurotrophic properties. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor A treatments, used to treat cancers and opthalmic diseases, are known to induce depressive symptoms. Thus, we hypothesized that vascular endothelial growth factor A plasma levels are low in patients experiencing a major depressive episode in the context of major depressive disorder, which consequently increase after antidepressant treatment.

Human Dermal Fibroblast: A Promising Cellular Model to Study Biological Mechanisms of Major Depression and Antidepressant Drug Response.

Background: Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) can be used as a cellular model relatively easily and without genetic engineering. Therefore, HDF represent an interesting tool to study several human diseases including psychiatric disorders. Despite major depressive disorder (MDD) being the second cause of disability in the world, the efficacy of antidepressant drug (AD) treatment is not sufficient and the underlying mechanisms of MDD and the mechanisms of action of AD are poorly understood.

Peripheral tryptophan, serotonin, kynurenine, and their metabolites in major depression: A case-control study.

Aim: Tryptophan is the sole precursor of both peripherally and centrally produced serotonin and kynurenine. In depressed patients, tryptophan, serotonin, kynurenine, and their metabolite levels remain unclear. Therefore, peripheral tryptophan and metabolites of serotonin and kynurenine were investigated extensively in 173 patients suffering from a current major depressive episode (MDE) and compared to 214 healthy controls (HC).

Clinical guidelines for the management of treatment-resistant depression: French recommendations from experts, the French Association for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology and the fondation FondaMental.

Background: Clear guidance for successive antidepressant pharmacological treatments for non-responders in major depression is not well established.

Method: Based on the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, the French Association for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology and the fondation FondaMental developed expert consensus guidelines for the management of treatment-resistant depression. The expert guidelines combine scientific evidence and expert clinicians' opinions to produce recommendations for treatment-resistant depression.

Difference of olfactory deficit in patients with acute episode of schizophrenia and major depressive episode.

Unlabelled: Aim Olfactory deficits are potential markers of early diagnosis, monitoring progress and predicting outcome in patients with schizophrenia and depression. We aimed to investigate differences in patterns and influencing factors of olfactory deficits between patients with acute episode of schizophrenia and major depressive episode (MDE).

Methods: Fifty-two patients with acute episode of schizophrenia, 75 patients with unipolar MDE and 199 healthy controls were included in this retrospective study.

Exploring Self-Consciousness From Self- and Other-Image Recognition in the Mirror: Concepts and Evaluation.

A historical review of the concepts of self-consciousness is presented, highlighting the important role of the (particularly, body perception but also body action), and the in the construction of self-consciousness. More precisely, body perception, especially intermodal sensory perception including kinesthetic perception, is involved in the construction of a sense of self allowing self-other differentiation. Furthermore, the , through very early social and emotional interactions, provides meaning to the infant's perception and contributes to the development of his/her symbolization capacities.

Power behind the throne: A clinical trial simulation study evaluating the impact of controllable design factors on the power of antidepressant trials.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of controllable design factors on the power of antidepressants trials.

Methods: Using clinical trial simulation (CTS), we analyzed the combined impact on the power of trials of controllable design factors (sample size, outcome metrics, and disease severity at inclusion) and uncontrollable parameters (heterogeneity of diseases labeled "depression" in the source population and selective effects of drugs on items of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HDRS], the most used outcome measurement tool). We elaborated 3,840 scenarios calibrated with real data, particularly the publication bias-corrected effect size.

Clinical guidelines for the management of depression with specific comorbid psychiatric conditions French recommendations from experts (the French Association for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology and the fondation FondaMental).

Background: Recommendations for pharmacological treatments of major depression with specific comorbid psychiatric conditions are lacking.

Method: The French Association for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology and the fondation FondaMental developed expert consensus guidelines for the management of depression based on the RAND/UCLA Appropriatneness Method. Recommendations for lines of treatment are provided by the scientific committee after data analysis and interpretation of the results of a survey of 36 psychiatrist experts in the field of major depression and its treatments.

Methemoglobinemia as a biomarker of dapsone-induced mania severity.

Background: The underlying mechanism involved in dapsone-induced mania remains unknown.

Methods: We report the case of a 54-year-old man with a dapsone-induced mania.

Results: The maximum of manic symptoms was correlated with the maximum of methemoglobinemia and mania decreased concomitantly with the methemoglobinemia level.

HOMA-IR increase after antidepressant treatment in depressed patients with the Met allele of the Val66Met BDNF genetic polymorphism.

Background: The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism is associated with response to antidepressant drugs in depressed patients and with metabolic side effects after antipsychotic treatment. This study aims to assess the association between this polymorphism and insulin resistance after antidepressant treatment in depressed patients.

Methods: One hundred forty-eight Caucasian patients with a current unipolar major depressive episode (DSM IV-TR) were genotyped for the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and assessed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of antidepressant treatment for the 'Homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance' (HOMA-IR) index, a valid measure of insulin resistance based on fasting plasma insulinaemia and glycaemia.

Early weight gain predicts later metabolic syndrome in depressed patients treated with antidepressants: Findings from the METADAP cohort.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major public health issue. We assessed whether early weight gain predicts later MetS in depressed patients treated with antidepressants.

Methods: In the 6-month prospective METADAP cohort, 260 non-overweight patients with a Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and a current Major Depressive Episode (MDE) were assessed for early weight gain (>5%) after one month of treatment, and for the later incidence of MetS after three and six months of treatment.