[Antibiotic prophylaxis in urodynamics: Clinical practice guidelines using a formal consensus method].

Objective: The aim of this work was to issue clinical practice guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis in urodynamics (urodynamic studies, UDS).

Materials And Methods: Clinical practice guidelines were provided using a formal consensus method. Guidelines proposals were drew up by a multidisciplinary experts group (pilot group = steering group), then rated by a panel of 12 experts (rating group) using a formal consensus method, and then peer reviewed by a reviewing/reading group of experts (different from the rating group).

Prospective evaluation of the management of urinary tract infections in 134 French nursing homes.

Objective: Prospective assessment of the management of urinary tract infections (UTI) in the nursing homes of the Hauts-de-France region.

Patients And Methods: A 50-question form had to be filled in for up to five consecutive residents treated for UTI in each nursing home. If necessary, diagnoses were reclassified according to the 2014 French Infectious Diseases Society guidelines.

Risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in the Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Era in the French Hospital Database on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (ANRS-C4).

Background: Risk factors for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are poorly documented in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).

Methods: We studied HIV-1-infected individuals aged ≥15 years who had no history of PML and were prospectively followed up between 1997 and 2011 in the French Hospital Database on HIV (FHDH-ANRS CO4) cohort. Cox models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs), focusing on sub-Saharan origin, suggested to be protective, and recent cART initiation, potentially associated with an increased risk of PML.

HIV transmission and pre-exposure prophylaxis in a high risk MSM population: A simulation study of location-based selection of sexual partners.

Objective: In France, indications for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention are based on individual-level risk factors for HIV infection. However, the risk of HIV infection may also depend on characteristics of sexual partnerships. Here we study how place-based selection of partners change transmission and the overall efficiency of PrEP.

Counter-intuitive plasma vitamin D and zinc status in HIV-1-infected adults with persistent low-level viraemia after treatment initiation: a pilot case-control study.

Determinants of persistent low-level viraemia [PLLV, a viral load (VL) of between 50 and 500 copies/mL] have not been elucidated. In a case-control study, we evaluated the influence of micronutrients on PLLV in a population of 454 HIV-1 adults having initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) between January 2007 and December 2011. Plasma levels of retinol (vitamin A), 25-OH vitamin D + D, vitamin E and zinc were measured at ART initiation in cases (PLLV after 6 months of ART) and in controls (VL <50 copies/mL after 6 months).

Spatiotemporal dynamics of HIV-1 transmission in France (1999-2014) and impact of targeted prevention strategies.

Background: Characterizing HIV-1 transmission networks can be important in understanding the evolutionary patterns and geospatial spread of the epidemic. We reconstructed the broad molecular epidemiology of HIV from individuals with primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) enrolled in France in the ANRS PRIMO C06 cohort over 15 years.

Results: Sociodemographic, geographic, clinical, biological and pol sequence data from 1356 patients were collected between 1999 and 2014.

Impact of combination therapy and early de-escalation on outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Guidelines recommend dual coverage of P. aeruginosa, but the beneficial effect of combination therapy is controversial.

Community acquired fungemia caused by Candida pulcherrima: diagnostic contribution of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Background: Community-onset candidemia constitute a distinct clinical entity the incidence of which is increasing. Contribution of non-albicans Candida species is rising.

Case Presentation: We describe here the first reported case of community acquired fungemia due to Candida pulcherrima.

Rapid containment of coincident outbreaks with 2 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in an intensive care unit.

In our intensive care unit, coincident outbreaks were caused by concomitant cross-transmission of 2 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains harboring distinct mechanisms of resistance. One strain produced extended-spectrum ß-lactamase in combination with reduced permeability. The other produced oxacillinase-48 carbapenemase.

Management and control of a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in an intensive care unit.

Objective: We had for aim to describe the identification and management of a 14-clonal carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) outbreak, following admission of a known CRAB-infected patient in an ICU.

Methods: We reviewed the carriers' files and outbreak management procedures.

Results: The index patient was admitted with strict isolation precautions.

[Catch-up vaccination of worldwide newcoming (adopted, refugee or migrant) children in France].

In France, international adoption includes around to 90,000 children since 1980 and near 300,000 immigrant children were counted in 2008. This population is heterogeneous, according to age and country of origin, and its large number. It is not easy to completely and surely assess the vaccine status of the child.

Re-treatment of chronic HCV infection in HIV co-infected patients and predictors of sustained viral response.

Background: In HIV-HCV co-infected patients who failed to achieve sustained viral response (SVR) with PEG-IFN + RBV, data on SVR rate after re-treatment with Peginterferon (PEG-IFN) + ribavirin (RBV) are scarce.

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify factors predictive of SVR after re-treatment in a large cohort of HIV/HCV co-infected patients - the ANRS-CO7 Ribavic cohort study, which is a long term follow-up study of patients who were included in the randomized controlled trial ANRS-HC02 RIBAVIC.

Results: Among the 176 patients who did not achieve a SVR during the RIBAVIC trial, sixty-six patients (38%) experienced a re-treatment with PEG-IFN + RBV.

[A case of neurological syphilis mimicking Horton's disease and polymyalgia rheumatica].

Background: Syphilis has been making a comeback over the last 10 years. Neurosyphilis can occur at any stage of the infection but is difficult to diagnose because of the existence of misleading forms, of which we describe an example below.

Patients And Methods: A 56-year-old woman presented symptoms evoking polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis in a context of ibuprofen treatment for a few weeks.

Fluctuating anaemia in treated HIV patients: could be a PICA?

HIV infected patients are frequently exposed to anaemia, due to antiretroviral agents and/or prophylactic treatment of opportunistic infections. Anemia due to PICA, unusually evoked in our western countries, could be a more frequent situation than imagined. We report two cases of fluctuating anemia with no HIV or iatrogenic origin, observed in two HIV infected women, 47 years old and 33 years old respectively, coming from Africa and treated with antiretroviral agents.

[Cryptococcal osteomyelitis in a patient with a lymphocytic leukemia treated with fludarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab].

Introduction: Cryptococcosis is a serious invasive fungal infection mostly described in patients with cell-mediated immunosuppression. Cryptococcus neoformans osteomyelitis is a rare infection that occurs mainly during disseminated forms.

Observation: A 72-year-old diabetic patient, treated with fludarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab (since 10 months) for lymphocytic leukemia presented with osteolysis of the fourth left hand metacarpien the histological examination of which revealed C.

Mean cost of a first combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients in France, and determinants of expensive drugs prescription.

To estimate the cost of the first combination antiretroviral drug therapy (cART) in HIV-infected patients and to determine factors associated with expensive prescriptions, 1698 patients starting cART between September 2002 and September 2007 were selected from the Dat'AIDS cohort. A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess associations between the cost of first cART and patient characteristics, clinical centre and cART adequacy. At cART initiation, the median age was 39 years, median CD4 count was 223 cells/mm(3), median viral load (VL) was 5.

Impact of drug stock-outs on death and retention to care among HIV-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Background: To evaluate the type and frequency of antiretroviral drug stock-outs, and their impact on death and interruption in care among HIV-infected patients in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Methods And Findings: We conducted a cohort study of patients who initiated combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in three adult HIV clinics between February 1, 2006 and June 1, 2007. Follow-up ended on February 1, 2008.

Routine HIV screening in France: clinical impact and cost-effectiveness.

Background: In France, roughly 40,000 HIV-infected persons are unaware of their HIV infection. Although previous studies have evaluated the cost-effectiveness of routine HIV screening in the United States, differences in both the epidemiology of infection and HIV testing behaviors warrant a setting-specific analysis for France.

Methods/principal Findings: We estimated the life expectancy (LE), cost and cost-effectiveness of alternative HIV screening strategies in the French general population and high-risk sub-populations using a computer model of HIV detection and treatment, coupled with French national clinical and economic data.

Brain abscesses during Proteus vulgaris bacteremia.

Proteus vulgaris is only rarely the cause of multiple septic metastases. We describe multiple brain abscesses due to P. vulgaris in an immunocompetent patient successfully treated by antibiotic therapy and colonectomy.