Comparative performance analysis of Synovasure™ and Leukocyte Esterase assays for the diagnosis of periprosthetic infections in complex microbiological situations.

Introduction: Osteoarticular infections (OAI) after prosthetic surgery have serious functional and economic consequences. Rapid tests for alpha-defensin (TAD) and leukocyte esterase (TLE) are two intra-articular markers involved in the diagnosis of OAIs. TLE cannot be applied in the presence of blood unless centrifugation is used, but the rate of "non-application" of the test for this reason is unknown in complex microbiological situations (discordant or negative puncture, ongoing antibiotic treatment).

Enterococcus-related vascular graft infection: A case series.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the frequency, management, and burden of enterococcal-related vascular graft infection.

Patients And Methods: From 2008 to 2021, data regarding all episodes of vascular graft infections initially managed or secondarily referred to our referral center were prospectively collected. We described the history and management of the infection, depending on the type of prosthesis used.

Burden of Candida-related vascular graft infection: a nested-case control study.

Purpose: We aimed to assess risk factors of candida-related Vascular Graft Infections (VGIs).

Methods: We did a case-control study (1:4) matched by age and year of infection, nested in a cohort of patient with a history of VGIs. Cases were defined by a positive culture for Candida spp.

Dalbavancin as salvage therapy in difficult-to-treat patients for diabetes-related foot osteomyelitis.

Objectives: We aimed to describe the efficacy and safety of dalbavancin in treatment of patients with diabetes-related foot osteomyelitis with bone culture confirmation.

Patients And Methods: Between January 2019 and December 2021, all consecutive patients receiving at least one 1500 mg dose of dalbavancin for diabetes-related foot osteomyelitis were included in a retrospective study. Remission was defined as absence of relapsing infection or need for surgery at the initial or a contiguous site during 6-month follow-up from the last dose of dalbavancin.

Are unknown co-medications, over-the-counter and off-label drug use still problems among people living with HIV? Results from a transversal survey in 23 centres in France.

Introduction: Polypharmacy can lead to drug-drug interactions (DDIs), especially with ART. The burden of co-medications, including over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and self-medications, could be underestimated. We aimed to investigate the proportion of people living with HIV (PLHIV) with declared and undeclared co-medications, as well as their potential burden.

Incidence of cervical, breast and colorectal cancers between 2010 and 2015 in people living with HIV in France.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the incidence rates between 2010 and 2015 for invasive cervical cancer (ICC), breast cancer (BC), and colorectal cancer (CRC) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in France, and to compare them with those in the French general population. These cancers are targeted by the national cancer-screening program.

Setting: This is a retrospective study based on the longitudinal data of the French Dat'AIDS cohort.

The benefits of systematic intraoperative sampling during lower limb arthroplasties due to sequelae from prior osteoarticular infections: A retrospective study of 92 cases.

Introduction: Osteoarticular infections (OAIs) of native joints lead to cartilage damage which may require subsequent arthroplasty. There is no consensus on systematic intraoperative microbiological sampling when performing an arthroplasty on a native joint with a history of OAI. We carried out a retrospective study to: (1) identify the frequency of the persistence of the microorganism(s) involved during the initial, presumed cured OAI, when performing an arthroplasty for sequelae of osteoarthritis, (2) to find an association between the length of time between the OAI and arthroplasty, and the recurrence of bacterial infection, (3) to assess the influence of the presence of hardware on the risk of infectious recurrence.

Human Q Fever on the Guiana Shield and Brazil: Recent Findings and Remaining Questions.

Purpose Of Review: In this review, we report on the state of knowledge about human Q fever in Brazil and on the Guiana Shield, an Amazonian region located in northeastern South America. There is a contrast between French Guiana, where the incidence of this disease is the highest in the world, and other countries where this disease is practically non-existent.

Recent Findings: Recent findings are essentially in French Guiana where a unique strain MST17 has been identified; it is probably more virulent than those usually found with a particularly marked pulmonary tropism, a mysterious animal reservoir, a geographical distribution that raises questions.

Ceftriaxone compared with benzylpenicillin in the treatment of neurosyphilis in France: a retrospective multicentre study.

Background: Intravenous benzylpenicillin is the gold-standard treatment for neurosyphilis, but it requires prolonged hospitalisation. Ceftriaxone is a possible alternative treatment, the effectiveness of which remains unclear. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of ceftriaxone compared with benzylpenicillin in the treatment of neurosyphilis.

Ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of zoonotic and vector-borne infectious diseases in French Guiana: Transdisciplinarity does matter to tackle new emerging threats.

French Guiana is a European ultraperipheric region located on the northern Atlantic coast of South America. It constitutes an important forested region for biological conservation in the Neotropics. Although very sparsely populated, with its inhabitants mainly concentrated on the Atlantic coastal strip and along the two main rivers, it is marked by the presence and development of old and new epidemic disease outbreaks, both research and health priorities.

Fourteen-day survival among older adults with severe infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 treated with corticosteroid: a cohort study.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of corticosteroids among older adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia requiring oxygen.

Methods: We used routine care data from 36 hospitals in France and Luxembourg to assess the effectiveness of corticosteroids with at least 0.4 mg/kg/day equivalent prednisone (treatment group) versus standard of care (control group).

Hydroxychloroquine in mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019: a placebo-controlled double blind trial.

Objectives: To determine whether hydroxychloroquine decreases the risk of adverse outcome in patients with mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at high risk of worsening.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluating hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients with at least one of the following risk factors for worsening: need for supplemental oxygen, age ≥75 years, age between 60 and 74 years and presence of at least one co-morbidity. Severely ill patients requiring oxygen therapy >3 L/min or intensive care were excluded.

Spectrum and Incidence Trends of AIDS- and Non-AIDS-Defining Cancers between 2010 and 2015 in the French Dat'AIDS Cohort.

Background: Cancer risk is higher in people living with HIV (PLWH) compared with the general population, and cancers related to age are expected to be most prevalent.

Methods: We determined the spectrum and incidence rates of AIDS-defining cancers (ADC) and non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADC) and of lung, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), head and neck (HNC), colon-rectum, anal, liver, breast, prostate, and urinary bladder cancers between January 2010 and December 2015 in the French Dat'AIDS cohort. Incidence rates were calculated by year and compared using the test for linear trend.

Corticosteroids in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia who require oxygen: observational comparative study using routine care data.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of corticosteroids on outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia requiring oxygen without mechanical ventilation.

Methods: We used routine care data from 51 hospitals in France and Luxembourg to assess the effectiveness of corticosteroids at 0.8 mg/kg/day eq.

Trajectories of Hospitalization in COVID-19 Patients: An Observational Study in France.

Describing the characteristics of COVID-19 patients in the hospital is of importance to assist in the management of hospital capacity in the future. Here, we analyze the trajectories of 1321 patients admitted to hospitals in northern and eastern France. We found that the time from onset to hospitalization decreased with age, from 7.

Hypervitaminosis A is associated with immunological non-response in HIV-1-infected adults: a case-control study.

For people living with HIV, determinants of immunological non-response (INR) to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) have not been fully elucidated. In a case-control study, we evaluated the influence of the nutritional and antioxidant status in HIV-1 adults whose cART was initiated between January 2001 and December 2013. Cases had persistent CD4 counts < 350/μL vs.

Risk of Severe Bacterial Infection in People Living Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Era.

Background: Severe bacterial infections are the first cause of morbidity in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). We aimed to assess their incidence and to analyze their determinants.

Methods: We studied human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected individuals aged at least 15 years and prospectively followed between 2006 and 2015 in the French Hospital Database on HIV.

Model-based Respondent-driven sampling analysis for HIV prevalence in brazilian MSM.

Respondent Driven Sampling study (RDS) is a population sampling method developed to study hard-to-reach populations. A sample is obtained by chain-referral recruitment in a network of contacts within the population of interest. Such self-selected samples are not representative of the target population and require weighing observations to reduce estimation bias.

Addition of Maraviroc Versus Placebo to Standard Antiretroviral Therapy for Initial Treatment of Advanced HIV Infection: A Randomized Trial.

Background: Patients diagnosed with advanced HIV infection have a poor prognosis despite initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy (c-ART).

Objective: To assess the benefit of adding maraviroc, an antiretroviral drug with immunologic effects, to standard c-ART for patients with advanced disease at HIV diagnosis.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Kaposi sarcoma among people living with HIV in the French DAT'AIDS cohort between 2010 and 2015.

Background: Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the risk of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), KS cases still occur in HIV-infected people.

Objective: To describe all KS cases observed between 2010 and 2015 in a country with high ART coverage.

Methods: Retrospective study using longitudinal data from 44 642 patients in the French Dat'AIDS multicenter cohort.

Elvitegravir-Cobicistat-Emtricitabine-Tenofovir Alafenamide Single-tablet Regimen for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Postexposure Prophylaxis.

Unlabelled: We evaluated an elvitegravir-cobicistat-emtricitabine-tenofovir alafenamide single-tablet regimen for human immunodeficiency virus postexposure prophylaxis. The completion rate and adherence were good, and the tolerance was acceptable; no seroconversion was observed. We confirm that this regimen could be appropriate for postexposure prophylaxis.

Kaposi sarcoma in people living with HIV: incidence and associated factors in a French cohort between 2010 and 2015.

Objective: Kaposi sarcoma is still observed among people living with HIV (PLHIV) including those on ART with undetectable HIV viral load (HIV-VL). We aimed to assess Kaposi sarcoma incidence and trends between 2010 and 2015 in France and to highlight associated factors.

Design: Retrospective study using longitudinal data from the Dat'AIDS cohort including 44 642 PLWH.

Missed opportunities of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in France: a retrospective analysis in the French DAT'AIDS cohort.

Background: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was implemented in France in November 2015 based on individual-level risk factors for HIV infection. We evaluated the proportion of missed opportunities for PrEP among newly HIV-diagnosed people entering the Dat'AIDS cohort in 2016.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective analysis in 15 French HIV clinical centers of patients with a new diagnosis of HIV infection.