Time-series analysis reveals metabolic and transcriptional dynamics during mulberry fruit development and ripening.

Understanding the global transcriptomic and metabolic changes during mulberry growth and development is essential for the enhancing fruit quality and optimizing breeding strategies. By integrating phenotypic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic data across 18 developmental and ripening stages of Da10 mulberry fruit, a global map of gene expression and metabolic changes was generated. Analysis revealed a gradual progression of morphological, metabolic, and transcriptional changes throughout the development and ripening phases.

Conserved Nuclear Localization Signal in NS2 Protein of Bombyx Mori Bidensovirus: A Potential Invertebrate ssDNA Virus Trait.

Bombyx mori bidensovirus (BmBDV), a significant pathogen in the sericulture industry, holds a unique taxonomic position due to its distinct segmented single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome and the presence of a self-encoding DNA polymerase. However, the functions of viral non-structural proteins, such as NS2, remain unknown. This protein is hypothesized to play a role in viral replication and pathogenesis.

Influences of Rearing Season, Host Plant, and Silkworm Species on Gut Bacterial Community.

The gut bacterial community plays many important roles in the production of nutrients and digestion. and (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) are two traditional sources of human food, as well as being silk-producing insects. In the present study, the influences of rearing season (spring and autumn), silkworm species ( and ), and host plant ( and ) on gut microbiota diversity were tested using Illumina MiSeq technology.

Effects of Novaluron Exposure on the Oviposition and Expression of Ovarian Development Related Genes in Silkworm, (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae).

(Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is an important economic insect, which mainly feeds on mulberry leaves and is widely used in many research fields. The growth and development of silkworm larvae are easily affected by the use of chemical insecticides such as novaluron, a benzoylurea insecticide. However, the effect of novaluron exposure on the reproduction of silkworms has not yet been studied.

Highly Efficient Removal of Organic Pollutants with HCO-Enhanced Ru(III)/NaClO Process.

The design of efficient advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in the presence of bicarbonate has long attracted considerable attention in the field of environmental catalysis. In this study, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) as one of the most abundant substances in actual water, was introduced to a NaClO/Ru(III) system to enhance the removal of acid orange 7(AO7). NaHCO could significantly improve the removal efficiency of the Ru(III)/NaClO process in HCO at a pH range of 6.

Resveratrol Alleviates NEFA-Induced Oxidative Damage in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells by Restoring Mitochondrial Function.

In periparturient dairy cows, high non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) caused by a severe negative energy balance induce oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction, which pose a severe challenge to the dairy industry. Resveratrol (RES) is a polyphenolic compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and multiple other physiological effects. However, its effect on oxidative damage triggered by NEFAs in bovine mammary epithelial cells is rarely reported.

Essential Oils from Citrus Peels Promote Calcium Overload-Induced Calcicoptosis in U251 Cells.

Citrus peel essential oils (CPEOs) have demonstrated substantial medicinal potential for glioblastoma treatment because of their extensive antitumor effects, low potential for drug resistance, and ability to cross the human blood-brain barrier. In this study, the chemical compositions of five CPEOs were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). CCK8 assays were used to evaluate the ability of five CPEOs to inhibit U251 human glioblastoma cells, and XLB and RA were selected for further investigation.

Effects of Glycerol Monooleate on Improving Quality Characteristics and Baking Performance of Frozen Dough Breads.

This study investigated the impact of glycerol monooleate (MO) at varying levels (0.3%, 0.6%, 0.

Gellan Gum Enhances the Quality of Egg-Based Yoghurt by Changing the Water Phase Distribution and Improving the Gel Texture.

Egg-based yoghurt (EBY) is a novel yoghurt fermented by lactic acid bacteria with high nutritional and health values, serving as a potential alternative to milk-based yoghurt. However, the hardness, adhesiveness, and water-holding capacity of egg-based yoghurt need to be further improved. In this study, the improvement in EBY quality by gellan gum and its underlying mechanism were investigated.

Five New Indole Alkaloid Derivatives from Deep-Sea Fungus AF1.

One new gliotoxin derivative fumianthrogliotoxin (), one new indoquizoline alkaloid 3-(methyl propionate) indoquizoline (), and three novel indole alkaloids, anthroxyindole (), (±)-asperfumiindole A (), and (±)-asperfumiindole B (), together with 16 known compounds (-), were isolated from the culture of deep-sea derived fungus AF1. Their chemical structures and absolute configurations were determined through the analysis of NMR data in combination with electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and other spectroscopic analyses. Compounds - and - were evaluated for anti-pulmonary fibrosis activity.

The Beneficial Role of Polysaccharide Hydrocolloids in Meat Products: A Review.

Polysaccharide hydrocolloids have garnered increasing attention from consumers, experts, and food processing industries due to their advantages of abundant resources, favorable thickening properties, emulsification stability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and high acceptance as food additives. This review focuses on the application of polysaccharide hydrocolloids and their beneficial roles in meat products by focusing on several commonly used polysaccharides (i.e.

Effect of shaking and piling processing on improving the aroma quality of green tea.

Aroma plays a crucial role in the quality of pure green tea beverage. However, there are limited methods to improve their aroma. In this study, green tea produced using shaking and piling process (SPGT) demonstrated a notable improvement in aromatic intensity, particularly in floral, fruity, and sweet notes.

Enhanced bioaccumulation and toxicity of Fenpropathrin by polystyrene nano(micro)plastics in the model insect, silkworm (Bombyx mori).

Background: Nano(micro)plastics (NMPs) and agrochemicals are ubiquitous pollutants. The small size and physicochemical properties of NMPs make them potential carriers for pollutants, affecting their bioavailability and impact on living organisms. However, little is known about their interactions in terrestrial ecosystems.

An integrated theoretical study on natural alkaloids as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors: a step toward discovery of potential drug candidates with anti-COVID-19 activity.

: in the twenty-first century, the emergence of COVID-19 as a highly transmissible pandemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 posed a significant threat to humanity. : the disease spreads through small respiratory droplets, necessitating the use of various compounds for treatment, with alkaloids being recognized as particularly crucial owing to their diverse pharmaceutical properties. : in this study, a dataset comprising 100 natural alkaloids obtained from the literature was transformed into 2D chemical structures using Chem Draw 19.

Analysis of differential metabolites in Liuyang douchi at different fermentation stages based on untargeted metabolomics approach.

The quality and flavor of Liuyang Douchi are usually closely related to the metabolites compostion. This work described the metabolic profiles of Liuyang douchi during fermentation. Obvious hydrolysis of carbohydrates, proteins and slight lipids degradation were observed.

Carboxymethyl polysaccharides from Poria cocos (Schw.) wolf: Structure, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, tumor cell proliferation inhibition and antioxidant activity.

This study comprehensively explores the relationship between the structure of carboxymethyl-pachymaran (CMP) and its diverse biological activities, including immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory effects, tumor cell proliferation inhibition, and antioxidant activity. By adjusting preparation parameters, highly purified CMP samples with varying degrees of substitution (DS) and molecular weights (Mw) were successfully obtained. The results indicate that CMP, composed primarily of β-D-glucan, exhibits different levels of activity depending on its structural characteristics.

Dysfunction of a lepidopteran conserved gene, BmBLOC1S6, causes a translucent larval integument in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Background: Diverse lepidopteran insects cause serious damage to plants, and their larvae possess a crucial epidermal barrier against environmental stimuli. Their ultraviolet (UV) resistance is enhanced by accumulating uric acid granules in the epidermis, suggesting that genes involved in this process may be potential targets for lepidopteran pest management.

Results: The silkworm pan-genome dataset is a valuable source for studying genomic mutations and phenotype-genotype associations.

Stability of probiotic microcapsules produced through complex coacervation based on whey protein-gum arabic coupled with double emulsification: Role of krill oil in middle oil phase.

The objective of this study was to prepare a microcapsule system composed of the inner microenvironment (probiotics), middle oil layer (soybean oil and polyglycerol polyricinoleate) and outer coacervate (whey protein and gum arabic) using double emulsification technique coupled with complex coacervation to encapsulate probiotics, and to evaluate the effect of adding krill oil (KO) to the middle oil layer on microcapsule structure and probiotic stability. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that whey protein may capture phospholipids in KO through hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of a more compact coacervate. Due to the compact coacervate enhanced the vapor transport barrier and reduced water evaporation during low-temperature dehydration, probiotics encapsulated in KO-supplemented microcapsules revealed less cell damage and a higher survival rate after freeze-drying.

Amino acid-mTOR pathway-associated transcription factor GATAβ4 regulates storage protein expression in Bombyx mori.

Storage proteins (SPs) are hexameric macromolecular protein, an important component of insect serum protein, which plays a variety of roles in insect metamorphosis and development. However, their regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Our previous studies revealed that the expression of SPs is regulated by nutritional signals and identified FoxO as a negative regulator of SPs in the silkworm Bombyx mori (B.

Elasticity of trachea in the silkworm: A role of gene BmMuc91C.

Respiration is a vital process essential for organism survival, with most terrestrial insects relying on a sophisticated tubular tracheal network. In the current study, a gene with repetitive sequence was identified within the silkworm genome. Designated as BmMuc91C, it contains a dozen repeated motifs "PSSSYGAPX" and "GGYSSGGX" in its sequence.

Baculovirus protein kinase 1 activates AMPK-protein phosphatase 5 axis to hijack transcription factor EB for self-proliferation.

Baculovirus causes lethal nuclear polyhedrosis in insects, whereas its regulatory mechanism on host transcription has not been fully illustrated. Herein, Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection caused dephosphorylation and thus cytoplasmic-nucleo translocation of transcription factor EB (BmTFEB) by inhibiting Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1), while upregulating Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling to promote self-proliferation through the rival protein kinase 1 in Bombyx mori. Significantly, B.

How lipids, as important endogenous nutrient components, affect the quality of aquatic products: An overview of lipid peroxidation and the interaction with proteins.

As the global population continues to grow and the pressure on livestock and poultry supply increases, the oceans have become an increasingly important source of quality food for future generations. However, nutrient-rich aquatic product is susceptible to lipid oxidation during storage and transport, reducing its nutritional value and increasing safety risks. Therefore, identifying the specific effects of lipid oxidation on aquatic products has become particularly critical.

Characterization of chemosensory genes in the subterranean pest Gryllotalpa Orientalis based on genome assembly and transcriptome comparison.

Background: Chemosensory perception plays a vital role in insect survival and adaptability, driving essential behaviours such as navigation, mate identification, and food location. This sensory process is governed by diverse gene families, including odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), olfactory receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), gustatory receptors (GRs), and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). The oriental mole cricket (Gryllotalpa orientalis Burmeister), an invasive pest with an underground, phyllophagous lifestyle, causes substantial crop damage.

Gut microbial communities and transcriptional profiles of black soldier fly (Hermitia illucens) larvae fed on fermented sericulture waste.

Sericulture waste poses significant challenges to industrial and environmental safety. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) offer a promising solution for organic waste management by converting it into insect protein. This study aimed to develop a microbial fermented method for utilizing sericulture waste to feed BSFL and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Protocol for the isolation of silk glands from silkworms for snRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics.

The silk glands (SGs) of silkworms specifically synthesize silk proteins, thus strongly influencing the yield and quality of silk. Here, we present a protocol for isolating SG nuclei from silkworms and obtaining high-quality tissue slices for spatial transcriptomics. We describe steps for rearing, dissecting, and nucleus isolation.