Combined Gamma-Rays and Carbon-12 Nuclei Irradiation Modulates Brain Chemokine and Cytokine Production and Improves Spatial Learning in Tau P301S, but not 5xFAD Mouse Line.

Earlier we showed the pro-cognitive effect of low doses of combined irradiation (including heavy charged particles) on Wistar rats. In the present work we studied the effect of irradiation (gamma-rays, 0.24 Gy; carbon-12, 0.

The Effects of Galactic Cosmic Rays on the Central Nervous System: From Negative to Unexpectedly Positive Effects That Astronauts May Encounter.

Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) pose a serious threat to astronauts' health during deep space missions. The possible functional alterations of the central nervous system (CNS) under GCR exposure can be critical for mission success. Despite the obvious negative effects of ionizing radiation, a number of neutral or even positive effects of GCR irradiation on CNS functions were revealed in ground-based experiments with rodents and primates.

[Possible changes in the electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram after the introduction of peripheral muscle relaxants].

Objective: To evaluate the changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters in time, coinciding with the changes recorded by the electrocardiogram (ECG) channel in patients after the introduction of peripheral muscle relaxants.

Material And Methods: Twenty-four patients were examined in intensive care units on artificial lung ventilation (ALV). During the study, myographic artifacts were recorded in all patients in the EEG, the elimination of which was impossible without the use of pharmacological agents leading to relaxation of muscles - muscle relaxants of peripheral action.

Dynamics of Dopamine and Other Monoamines Content in Rat Brain after Single Low-Dose Carbon Nuclei Irradiation.

Space radiation, presented primarily by high-charge and -energy particles (HZEs), has a substantial impact on the central nervous system (CNS) of astronauts. This impact, surprisingly, has not only negative but also positive effects on CNS functions. Despite the fact that the mechanisms of this effect have not yet been elucidated, several studies indicate a key role for monoaminergic networks underlying these effects.

Sex-Related Differences in Voluntary Alcohol Intake and mRNA Coding for Synucleins in the Brain of Adult Rats Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol.

Maternal alcohol consumption is one of the strong predictive factors of alcohol use and consequent abuse; however, investigations of sex differences in response to prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) are limited. Here we compared the effects of PAE throughout gestation on alcohol preference, state anxiety and mRNA expression of presynaptic proteins α-, β- and γ-synucleins in the brain of adult (PND60) male and female Wistar rats. Total RNA was isolated from the hippocampus, midbrain and hypothalamus and mRNA levels were assessed with quantitative RT-PCR.

[The changes in electroencephalogram parameters in patients in the somatogenic phase of acute poisoning with opioid receptor agonists].

Objective: To evaluate the parameters of the electroencephalogram (EEG) using the methods of computer processing of EEG data for an approach to the analysis of possible neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the fluctuations detected in the EEG in patients in the somatogenic phase of acute poisoning with opioid receptor agonists.

Material And Methods: Thirty-one patients were examined in the somatogenic phase of acute poisoning with opioid receptor agonists with a wakefulness level 3 to 15 points on the Glasgow Coma Scale. The EEG was recorded in accordance with the recommendations of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.

Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist rolapitant suppresses anxiety and alcohol intake produced by repeated withdrawal episodes.

Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1r) antagonists have been shown to suppress operant self-administration of alcohol, voluntary alcohol consumption and stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behaviour. Considering the long half-life and anxiolytic-like properties of NK1r antagonist rolapitant, we expected that it may be an effective option for reducing anxiety and alcohol motivation during early withdrawal. Voluntary alcohol intake (two-bottles paradigm) was recorded in male Wistar rats during the three periods: 24 days (basal level), 6-day period when rats received 5 mg·kg rolapitant or vehicle and 12-h period after repeated withdrawal episodes (alcohol cessation for 36 h).

[Clinical results and prospects for the use of phenosanic acid in patients with focal epilepsy].

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of using a new original synthetic antioxidant - phenosanic acid as an adjunct therapy in patients with focal epilepsy.

Material And Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study evaluated the efficacy and safety of phenosanic acid as an adjunct therapy to basic antiepileptic drugs in 120 patients with focal epilepsy. Primary purpose: to study the dynamic of seizure frequency.

Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist Reverses Functional CNS Alteration Caused by Combined γ-rays and Carbon Nuclei Irradiation.

Background: Ionizing Radiation (IR) is one of the major limiting factors for human deep-space missions. Preventing IR-induced cognitive alterations in astronauts is a critical success factor. It has been shown that cognitive alterations in rodents can be inferred by alterations of a psycho- emotional balance, primarily an anxiogenic effect of IR.

[A comparative study of the P300 wave and evoked theta-rhythm in schizophrenia and personality disorders].

Objective: Amplitude and latency of evoked potential P300 are considered as major correlates of cognitive functions. At the same time the changes in the theta-band event-related oscillations that appears at the same time window as P300 wave are less studied. The purpose of this study was to provide the complex assessment and comparison of neurophysiological indices of cognitive processes in healthy people and patients with personality disorder, schizotypal disorder and schizophrenia with different levels of cognitive dysfunction.

Study of Dosage-Dependent Effects of Cytostatic Drugs Using a Fibroblast Cell Culture of the Human Nasal Mucosa.

 Knowing a concentration at which cytostatic drugs are toxic for the nasal fibroblasts will enable the use cytostatic drugs in the clinical practice to prevent excessive cicatrization.  To determine the cytostatic concentrations of mitomycin С, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil affecting nasal mucosa fibroblasts.  We obtained material during an endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy with the patient's informed consent.

[Medical aspects of domestic violence against women and girls (review)].

In recent years scientists actively study the influence of domestic violence on psychological status and occurrence of mental disorders in women and girls. Psychological, physical, sexual and other types of violence are distinguished, the consequences of which are studied in many countries under the auspices of WHO. In international studies the serious consequences of domestic violence for women are investigated.

Combined Irradiation by Gamma Rays and Carbon Nuclei Increases the C/EBP-β LIP Isoform Content in the Pituitary Gland of Rats.

C/EBP-β, a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, has important roles in the regulation of the body immune and inflammatory responses. Wistar rats subjected to combined irradiation were characterized by an increase in the content of the C/EBP-β LIP isoform in the pituitary gland. The obtained data indicate that moderate doses of ionizing radiation to initiate the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and are likely to initiate C/EBP-β-mediated cell death according to the apoptotic scenario.

Cortical Glutamate/GABA Imbalance after Combined Radiation Exposure: Relevance to Human Deep-Space Missions.

Ionizing radiation (IR) is one of the major biological limiting factors of human deep-space missions. Despite the dominant paradigm about the negative effects of IR on the CNS, the anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-aggressive, and pro-cognitive effects have recently been discovered. The mechanisms of these phenomena remain undisclosed.

[Subjective evaluation of the effect of single test doses of phenazepam and placebo in patients with anxiety disorders: a relationship with objective pharmaco-electroencephalography characteristics].

Aim: To study the relationship between subjective evaluation (SE) of the effect of single test doses of benzodiazepine anxiolytic phenazepam and placebo and objective electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics in patients with anxiety disorders.

Material And Methods: Forty patients, including 13 with generalized anxiety disorders (GAD, ICD-10 F41.1), 13 with anxiety-phobic disorders (AFD, ICD-10 F40.

The Dopamine Receptor D2 C957T Polymorphism Modulates Early Components of Event-Related Potentials in Visual Word Recognition Task.

Background: Visual word recognition is one of the central topics in cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Genetic factors are known to contribute to the visual word recognition, but no genes associated with this process have been identified so far. We studied the impact of the DRD2 C957T polymorphism on the efficiency of visual word recognition by measuring its neuronal correlates and behavioral parameters.

[The efficacy of pharmacological approaches to therapy of the apathy syndrome in dementia disorders (the review)].

The article presents a literature review of psychopharmacological methods of treatment of the apathy syndrome, which is common in neurocognitive disorders. The review provides recommendations for the management of such patients, taking into account evidence-based medicine.

Preparation of Human Olfactory Ensheathing Cells for the Therapy of Spinal Cord Injuries.

We developed an optimal protocol for preparing and culturing of olfactory ensheathing cells from human olfactory mucosa. Using this protocol, we obtained a culture enriched with human olfactory ensheathing cells. Immunofluorescence analysis by simultaneous expression of GFAP and p75NTR markers showed that the content of ensheathing cells was maximum in passage 3 and 4 cultures (94 and 89.

[Multi-centre clinical assessment of the Russian language version of the Diagnostic Interview for Psychoses].

Objectives: The Diagnostic Interview for Psychoses (DIP) was developed to enhance the quality of diagnostic assessment of psychotic disorders. The aim of the study was the adaptation of the Russian language version and evaluation of its validity and reliability.

Material And Methods: Ninety-eight patients with psychotic disorders (89 video recordings) were assessed by 12 interviewers using the Russian version of DIP at 7 clinical sites (in 6 cities of the Russian Federation).

[Phenazepam: to the question of the efficacy and safety of benzodiazepine derivatives].

The widespread use of benzodiazepines in general medicalpractice in patients with complaints of anxiety and insomnia is due to a combination of efficacy and relative safety. Benzodiazepines have several advantages over other groups of sedatives: a wider range of doses between anxiolytic and sedative effect, a higher ratio between the average lethal and average effective doses, the lower risk of abuse. However, with prolonged use of even therapeutic doses of benzodiazepines (more than 6 months), the risk of dependence may increase - more often with the use of high-potency short-acting drugs.

[Children and adolescents in situations of social distress].

The review article addresses transnational problems of socially stressful events and their contribution to the mental state of children and adolescents. The authors suggest the concept of distorted socialization in minors, who had experienced adverse events, with the formation of the concept of socially maladaptive distress reactions (SMDR). This typology has not just the age-related dynamics but also the gender specificity.

COMT Genotype and Sensory and Sensorimotor Gating in High and Low Hypnotizable Subjects.

We investigated the association between hypnotizability, COMT polymorphism, P50 suppression ratio, and prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle response (ASR) in 21 high (HH) and 19 low (LH) hypnotizable subjects. The frequency of Met/Met carriers of COMT polymorphysm was higher in HH than in LH group (33.3% versus 10.

The Study of the Antisaccade Performance and Contingent Negative Variation Characteristics in First-Episode and Chronic Schizophrenia Patients.

The study tested whether the antisaccade (AS) performance and Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) measures differed between the first-episode and chronic patients to provide the evidence of PFC progressive functional deterioration. Subjects included 15 first-episode and 20 chronic schizophrenic patients (with the duration of illness more than 5 years), and 21 control subjects. The first-episode and chronic patients had significantly elevated error percent (p < .

Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Cognitive Functions of Rats with Depression-Like Disorders Induced by Ultrasound Exposure.

We studied the effect of electroconvulsive therapy on cognitive functions in rats with depression-like disorder caused by exposure to ultrasound of varying frequency (20-45 kHz). Object recognition and Morris water-maze tests revealed no negative effects of the therapy on memory. Moreover, positive effect of therapy was demonstrated that manifested in amelioration of memory disturbances in depression-like disorders in these behavioral tests.