Innovative submerged directed fermentation: Producing high molecular weight polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum.

Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum (GLPs) exhibit unique bioactivity, but traditional cultivation yields low quantities and unstable quality, limiting their research and application. This study highlights how submerged fermentation processes enable the directed acquisition of structurally defined high molecular weight (MW) bioactive intracellular polysaccharides (IPS). The results showed that inoculation amount and fermentation scales had a significant effect on the content of high MW IPS.

Impact of BRAF and MEK Inhibitors on Gingival Hyperplasia in Melanoma Patients-A Case Report.

: Although BRAF inhibitors, such as vemurafenib, produce a marked response in patients with advanced melanoma with a BRAF V600 mutation, they eventually develop resistance to this treatment. To address this issue, vemurafenib is increasingly combined with the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib, leading to improved response rates and enhanced survival. However, this treatment modality is associated with numerous side effects.

Management of ERCP-Related Perforations: A Single-Center Experience.

Perforations represent rare but serious complications in ERCP. Although several therapeutic algorithms have been proposed to properly address these potentially life-threatening events, there is still no clear consensus on their management. We conducted a single-center retrospective study in order to assess the incidence of ERCP-related perforations and their management, as well as clinical outcomes.

Regeneration Filter: Enhancing Mosaic Algorithm for Near Salt & Pepper Noise Reduction.

This paper presents a Regeneration filter for reducing near Salt-and-Pepper (nS&P) noise in images, designed for selective noise removal while simultaneously preserving structural details. Unlike conventional methods, the proposed filter eliminates the need for median or other filters, focusing exclusively on restoring noise-affected pixels through localized contextual analysis in the immediate surroundings. Our approach employs an iterative processing method, where additional iterations do not degrade the image quality achieved after the first filtration, even with high noise densities up to 97% spatial distribution.

Electrochemical Detection of Cadmium Using a Bismuth Film Deposited on a Brass Electrode.

Cadmium is one of the most dangerous pollutants found in the environment, where it exists mainly due to human activities. High cadmium concentrations can cause serious problems, which is why the detection and determination of Cd is one of the most important tasks. Electroanalytical methods provide rapid and accurate results in the detection of cadmium in various solutions.

Comparative Analysis of Edge Detection Operators Using a Threshold Estimation Approach on Medical Noisy Images with Different Complexities.

The manuscript conducts a comparative analysis to assess the impact of noise on medical images using a proposed threshold value estimation approach. It applies an innovative method for edge detection on images of varying complexity, considering different noise types and concentrations of noise. Five edges are evaluated on images with low, medium, and high detail levels.

Knowledge and Consumption Patterns of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Among the Central Balkan Population-A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Unlabelled: Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3-FAs) represent a group of essential nutrients, but modern diets often do not allow for a balanced ratio between the intakes of ω-6-FA and ω-3-FA, which is vital for health. ω-3-FA can be found primarily in algae and fish, while the intake of ω-3-FA dietary supplements can be seen as an efficient way of providing nutrients important for many physiological functions.

Background/objectives: The aim of this research was to investigate the use of ω-3-FA-rich food and supplements, as well as the knowledge and attitudes on these nutrients among residents of the central Balkans-the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Srpska.

Supercritical Extraction and Compound Profiling of Diverse Edible Mushroom Species.

Mushrooms are a raw material rich in many nutritional compounds, and that is why a number of them are widely known as functional food. They contain fatty acids, carbohydrates, lycopene, sterols, lovastatin, trace elements, and other valuable compounds that show a wide range of properties, such as hepatoprotective, anticancer, antiviral, etc. For more efficient utilisation of mushrooms' biologically active substances, widespread supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (Sc-CO) was used as an efficient way to isolate the high-value phytoconstituents from this type of raw material.

Regulatory Compliance of Health Claims on Omega-3 Fatty Acid Food Supplements.

Unlike the mandatory information that must be provided on a food supplement label, health claims are voluntary. This study assesses the regulatory compliance of omega-3 fatty acid (ω-3-FA) supplement label claims. Of the 97 supplements, 76 (78.

Goat's Milk Powder Enriched with Red ( L.) and Black ( Murray) Goji Berry Extracts: Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant Properties, and Prebiotic Activity.

The current trend in food innovations includes developing products containing plant ingredients or extracts rich in bioactive compounds. This study aimed to prepare and characterize skimmed thermally treated goat's milk powders enriched with lyophilized fruit extracts of Murray (GMLR) and L. (GMLB).

Technological and Functional Characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Traditional Serbian Cheeses.

Owing to the rich diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) microbiota, traditional Serbian white-brined cheeses can serve as a valuable source of LAB strains with promising technological and functional properties. This study aimed to identify potential candidates for developing commercial bacterial cultures, which could be used to produce cheese with distinct sensory qualities and added value as a functional food product. A total of 83 LAB isolates were tested for their ability to grow under different salt concentrations and temperatures; their acidifying, proteolytic, and lipolytic activities; and their production of diacetyl and exopolysaccharides (EPSs).

Impact of Chocolate Cadmium on Vulnerable Populations in Serbia.

Chocolate is one of the most popular and widely consumed confectionery products. However, elevated cadmium (Cd) content in this commodity threatens food safety and human health. It is crucial to monitor the presence of Cd in chocolate and to evaluate its associated health risks.

Theoretical Study of Antioxidant and Prooxidant Potency of Protocatechuic Aldehyde.

In this study, the antioxidant and prooxidant potency of protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA) was evaluated using density functional theory (DFT). The potency of direct scavenging of hydroperoxyl (HOO) and lipid peroxyl radicals (modeled by vinyl peroxyl, HC=CHOO) involved in lipid peroxidation was estimated. The repair of oxidative damage in biomolecules (lipids, proteins and nucleic acids) and the prooxidant ability of PCA phenoxyl radicals were considered.

Oxidative Homeostasis in Follicular Fluid and Embryo Quality-A Pilot Study.

The objective of this study was to measure the different redox biomarker levels within the follicular fluid (FF) and evaluate correlations with embryo quality using the one follicle-one oocyte/embryo approach. The prospective study included 54 women (average age 34.6 ± 3.

You Win Some, You Lose Some: Modifying the Molecular Periphery of Nitrofuran-Tagged Diazaspirooctane Reshapes Its Antibacterial Activity Profile.

The use of the concept of privileged structures significantly accelerates the search for new leads and their optimization. 6-(methylsulfonyl)-8-(4-methyl-4-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-2-(5-nitro-2-furoyl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane has been identified as a lead, with MICs of 0.

Alpinetin Exhibits Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in C57BL/6 Mice with Alcoholic Liver Disease Induced by the Lieber-DeCarli Ethanol Liquid Diet.

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a common non-communicable chronic liver disease characterized by a spectrum of conditions ranging from steatosis and alcohol-associated steatohepatitis (AH) to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of ALD involves a complex interplay of various molecular, biochemical, genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. While the mechanisms are well studied, therapeutic options remain limited.

Dual-Double Stem Cell Ovarian Therapy: A Comprehensive Approach in Regenerative Medicine.

Dual-double stem cell therapy, which integrates mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), represents a cutting-edge approach in regenerative medicine, particularly for conditions such as ovarian decline, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), and induced ovarian failure. This therapy leverages the unique properties of MSCs and HSCs, enhancing tissue repair, immune modulation, and overall regenerative outcomes. MSCs, known for their ability to differentiate into various cell types, provide a supportive microenvironment and secrete bioactive molecules that promote angiogenesis and reduce inflammation.

Herbal Waste from Filter-Tea Production as Eco-Friendly Ash for Sustainable Natural Rubber Composites.

Herbal dust, a waste byproduct from filter-tea production, was annealed to form ash that can be incorporated into natural rubber as an eco-friendly filler. Three types of herbal dust ash (HDA), green tea, hibiscus, and lemon balm, were added at two different contents, 2.5 and 5 phr, into the rubber compound, while the content of carbon black, as a filler, was maintained at 50 phr in all samples.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Molten Fluoride Electrolysis Composed of Raw and Magnet Recycling Derived Oxides: A Comparative Study.

In situ measurements of the chemical identity and quantity of anode gases during electrochemical measurements and rare earth (RE) electrolysis from fluoride-based molten salts composed of different kinds of rare earth oxides (REOs) were performed using FTIR spectrometry. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) was carried out to characterize oxidation processes and determine the anodic effect from NdF + PrF + LiF + REO melt. RE complex formation and subsequent reactions on the GC anode surface were discussed to understand the formation pathways of CO/CO and perfluorocarbon gases (PFC), mainly CF and CF.

Effects of Beech Wood Surface Treatment with Polyethylenimine Solution Prior to Finishing with Water-Based Coating.

The surfaces of beech wood samples were treated with polyethylenimine (PEI) solutions at three different concentrations-0.5%, 1% and 2%-and two molecular weights-low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW). The effects of PEI surface treatment of wood were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, the penetration depth of PEI (EPI fluorescence spectroscopy), the bonding position of PEI (by SEM), the wetting and surface energy, and the water uptake.

Phytochemical Characterisation of Species: Unveiling Flavonoid Profiles Related to Ploidy and Hybrid Origin.

The genetic, morphological and taxonomic diversity of the genus is due to homoploid and polyploid hybridisation, autopolyploidy and apomixis, which also influence the production and diversity of secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships and variations of flavonoids in terms of hybrid origin and ploidy level between the parental species and their hybrid derivatives. The sampling design included leaf material of the following accessions from ten natural localities: parental taxa (di-, tri- and tetraploids of ; diploid and ) and their di-, tri- and tetraploid hybrid derivatives from crosses of × (subg.

Exploring Fungal Biodiversity in Crop Rotation Systems: Impact of Soil Fertility and Winter Wheat Cropping.

This study investigated soil fungal biodiversity in wheat-based crop rotation systems on Chernozem soil within the Pannonian Basin, focusing on the effects of tillage, crop rotation, and soil properties. Over three years, soil samples from ten plots were analyzed, revealing significant fungal diversity with Shannon-Wiener diversity indices ranging from 1.90 in monoculture systems to 2.

Lipid Biomarkers in Urban Soils of the Alluvial Area near Sava River, Belgrade, Serbia.

This study focused on the investigation of soil samples from the alluvial zone of the Sava River, located near the heating plant in New Belgrade, Serbia. Using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), a broad range of alkanes, including linear -alkanes (C to C) and isoprenoids, was analyzed in all samples. The obtained datasets were effectively made simpler by applying multivariate statistical analysis.

Dapsone Alters Phenotypical and Functional Properties of Human Neutrophils In Vitro.

Dapsone is a sulfone used in treating inflammatory skin conditions. Despite its widespread dermatological use, the pharmacological actions of dapsone remain poorly understood. Here, we examined how different aspects of neutrophil functions are affected by dapsone.