Clonal hematopoiesis with DNMT3A mutations is associated with multiple system atrophy.

Background: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is associated with cardiovascular diseases and other disorders, possibly via inflammation. Recent research suggests a connection of CHIP with neurodegenerative disorders.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between multiple system atrophy (MSA) and CHIP.

Prognosis prediction and immunotherapy optimisation for cryptogenic new-onset refractory status epilepticus.

Background: Cryptogenic new-onset refractory status epilepticus (cNORSE) currently lacks comprehensive knowledge regarding its clinical dynamics, prognostic factors and treatment guidance. Here we present the longitudinal clinical profiles, predictive factors for outcomes and the optimal duration of immunotherapy in patients with cNORSE.

Methods: This retrospective secondary endpoint analysis investigated patients with cNORSE identified from a prospective autoimmune encephalitis cohort at a national referral centre in Korea.

Fenofibrate to prevent amputation and reduce vascular complications in patients with diabetes: FENO-PREVENT.

Background: The potential preventive effect of fenofibrate on lower extremity amputation (LEA) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not fully elucidated.

Methods: We selected adult patients ≥ 20 years of age with T2D from the Korean National Health Insurance Service Database (2009-2012). The fenofibrate users were matched in a 1:4 ratio with non-users using propensity scores (PS).

Increased coherence predicts medical refractoriness in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy on monotherapy.

Among patients with epilepsy, 30-40% experience recurrent seizures even after adequate antiseizure medications therapies, making them refractory. The early identification of refractory epilepsy is important to provide timely surgical treatment for these patients. In this study, we analyze interictal electroencephalography (EEG) data to predict drug refractoriness in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who were treated with monotherapy at the time of the first EEG acquisition.

International Digestive Endoscopy Network Consensus on the Management of Antithrombotic Agents in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

Antithrombotic agents, including antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, are widely used in Korea because of the increasing incidence of cardiocerebrovascular disease and the aging population. The management of patients using antithrombotic agents during endoscopic procedures is an important clinical challenge. The clinical practice guidelines for this issue, developed by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, were published in 2020.

Genetic determinants of obesity in Korean populations: exploring genome-wide associations and polygenic risk scores.

East Asian populations exhibit a genetic predisposition to obesity, yet comprehensive research on these traits is limited. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 93,673 Korean subjects to uncover novel genetic loci linked to obesity, examining metrics such as body mass index, waist circumference, body fat ratio, and abdominal fat ratio. Participants were categorized into non-obese, metabolically healthy obese (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) groups.

Discrepancy Between Genetically Predicted and Observed BMI Predicts Incident Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: Obesity is a key predictor of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, metabolic complications are not solely due to increased BMI. We hypothesized that differences between genetically predicted BMI and observed BMI (BMI-diff) could reflect deviation from individual set point and may predict incident T2D.

Screening Outcomes of Mammography with AI in Dense Breasts: A Comparative Study with Supplemental Screening US.

Background Comparative performance between artificial intelligence (AI) and breast US for women with dense breasts undergoing screening mammography remains unclear. Purpose To compare the performance of mammography alone, mammography with AI, and mammography plus supplemental US for screening women with dense breasts, and to investigate the characteristics of the detected cancers. Materials and Methods A retrospective database search identified consecutive asymptomatic women (≥40 years of age) with dense breasts who underwent mammography plus supplemental whole-breast handheld US from January 2017 to December 2018 at a primary health care center.

A phase 4 randomized active-controlled clinical study to compare the efficacy and safety of sustained-release pregabalin with immediate-release pregabalin in type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathic pain.

Aims: The objective of this study was to demonstrate that sustained-release (SR) pregabalin is non-inferior to immediate-release (IR) pregabalin in attenuating diabetic peripheral neuropathic (DPN) pain along with patient satisfaction and compliance.

Methods: This was an 8-week, randomized, active-controlled, open-label, phase 4 study. Eligible subjects who had been on IR pregabalin for 4 weeks were randomized to 1:1 ratio to either continue with twice-daily IR pregabalin (75 mg), or to switch to once-daily SR pregabalin (150 mg).

Association between depression and young-onset dementia in middle-aged women.

Background: Dementia is associated with older adults; however, it can also affect younger individuals, known as young-onset dementia (YOD), when diagnosed before the age of 65 years. We aimed to conduct a retrospective cohort study involving middle-aged women to investigate the association between premorbid depression and YOD development.

Methods: We included 1.

[IDEN Consensus on Management of Antithrombotic Agents in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Endoscopy].

Antithrombotic agents, including antiplatelet agent and anticoagulants are widely used in Korea due to increasing incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease and aging population. The management of patients using antithrombotic agents during endoscopic procedures is an important clinical challenge. Clinical practice guideline regarding this issue which was developed by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy was published in 2020.

Understanding epileptogenesis from molecules to network alteration.

Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent seizures. Following an initial insult, a latent period precedes the onset of spontaneous seizures, a process referred to as epileptogenesis. This period plays a critical role in halting the progression toward epilepsy before the onset of abnormal molecular and network alterations.

Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of Hashimoto's encephalopathy: a single-center, retrospective study.

Background And Purpose: Diagnosing Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is challenging. In contrast to other types of autoimmune encephalitis, HE shows an excellent response to steroid treatment. We aimed to investigate the rates of antithyroid antibodies (ATAs) and probable HE in patients with unexplained mental dysfunction and compare the clinical characteristics between the good- and poor-outcome groups.

The relationship between sleep and innate immunity.

Sleep regulates inflammatory responses, and the innate immune system affects sleep. Interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, growth hormone-releasing hormone, prolactin, and nitric oxide are somnogenic substances. Sleep deprivation, such as chronic insomnia or obstructive sleep apnea, affects cytokine production, glial function, natural killer cell activity, and inflammasome function.

Automatic assessment of bowel preparation by an artificial intelligence model and its clinical applicability.

Background And Aim: Reliable bowel preparation assessment is important in colonoscopy. However, current scoring systems are limited by laborious and time-consuming tasks and interobserver variability. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model to assess bowel cleanliness and evaluate its clinical applicability.

Machine Learning-Based Discrimination of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Current risk stratification strategies for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are limited to traditional methodologies.

Objectives: The authors aimed to establish machine learning (ML)-based models to discriminate major cardiovascular events in patients with HCM.

Methods: We enrolled consecutive HCM patients from 2 tertiary referral centers and used 25 clinical and echocardiographic features to discriminate major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including all-cause death, admission for heart failure (HF-adm), and stroke.