Diagnostic Value of High Frame Rate Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography and Post-processing Contrast Vector Imaging for Evaluation of Focal Liver Lesions: A Feasibility Study.

This study evaluated the feasibility of contrast vector imaging (CVI) to characterize focal liver lesions. From July to October 2019, we prospectively enrolled 30 patients with focal liver lesions (hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] [n = 19], metastasis [n = 8], combined HCC-cholangiocarcinoma [CC] [n = 1], intra-hepatic CC [n = 1] and sclerosed hemangioma [n = 1]). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was performed with high frame rate contrast harmonic imaging technique by one radiologist, and post-processing CVI was obtained and analyzed by two radiologists.

Health economic evaluation of Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI vs ECCM-MRI and multi-detector computed tomography in patients with suspected hepatocellular carcinoma in Thailand and South Korea.

Objective: The effectiveness of treatment decisions and economic outcomes of using gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-EOB-DTPA-MRI) were compared with extracellular contrast media-enhanced MRI (ECCM-MRI) and multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) as initial procedures in patients with suspected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in South Korea and Thailand.

Methods: A decision-tree model simulated the clinical pathway for patients with suspected HCC from the first imaging procedure to a confirmed treatment decision. Input data (probabilities and resource consumptions) were estimated and validated by clinical experts.

Quantitative Digital Subtraction Angiography in Pediatric Moyamoya Disease.

Moyamoya disease is a unique cerebrovascular disorder characterized by idiopathic progressive stenosis at the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and fine vascular network. The aim of this review is to present the clinical application of quantitative digital subtraction angiography (QDSA) in pediatric moyamoya disease. Using conventional angiographic data and postprocessing software, QDSA provides time-contrast intensity curves and then displays the peak time (Tmax) and area under the curve (AUC).

Collateral Ventilation Quantification Using Xenon-Enhanced Dynamic Dual-Energy CT: Differences between Canine and Swine Models of Bronchial Occlusion.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the difference in the degree of collateral ventilation between canine and swine models of bronchial obstruction could be detected by using xenon-enhanced dynamic dual-energy CT.

Materials And Methods: Eight mongrel dogs and six pigs underwent dynamic dual-energy scanning of 64-slice dual-source CT at 12-second interval for 2-minute wash-in period (60% xenon) and at 24-second interval for 3-minute wash-out period with segmental bronchus occluded. Ventilation parameters of magnitude (A value), maximal slope, velocity (K value), and time-to-peak (TTP) enhancement were calculated from dynamic xenon maps using exponential function of Kety model.

Intraoperative neurosonography revisited: effective neuronavigation in pediatric neurosurgery.

Intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) is a widely used noninvasive method to evaluate the morphology, vasculature, and pathologies of the brain. The advantages of IOUS include realtime depiction of neuroanatomy, accurate localization and characterization of a lesion, reduced surgical exploration and surgical time, and presumably decreased patient morbidity. IOUS is useful in the intraoperative monitoring of lesion resection as well as intraoperative localization and characterization of focal parenchymal lesions.

Bowel sonography in sepsis with pathological correlation: an experimental study.

Background: Sepsis predisposes full-term infants to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). As such, experimental induction of NEC was applied to a sepsis model to evaluate the potential role of US in the early diagnosis of NEC in full-term infants.

Objective: To evaluate the resistive index (RI) of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) on Doppler sonography in experimentally induced sepsis and correlate it with the pathological findings.

CT in children with suspected residual foreign body in airway after bronchoscopy.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to determine whether CT provides additional information for children with a suspected residual foreign body in the airway after bronchoscopy.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the CT findings and medical records of nine patients (five girls and four boys; mean age, 17.9 months) who underwent CT between March 1999 and February 2007 for the evaluation of a clinically suspected residual foreign body in the airway after bronchoscopy.

(18)F-Labeled benzylideneaniline derivatives as new ligands for beta-amyloid plaque imaging in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Noninvasive early detection of beta-amyloid (Abeta) plaques might be useful for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We herein describe the synthesis of (18)F-labeled benzylideneaniline derivatives using a novel labeling approach for imaging Abeta plaques in AD patients.

Methods: Benzylidenaniline derivatives were synthesized by reacting fluorobenzaldehyde and corresponding aniline derivatives.

Radiation dose modulation techniques in the multidetector CT era: from basics to practice.

Radiation exposure to the patient has become a concern for the radiologist in the multidetector computed tomography (CT) era. With the introduction of faster multidetector CT scanners, various techniques have been developed to reduce the radiation dose to the patient; one method is automatic exposure control (AEC). AEC systems make use of different types of control, including patient-size AEC, z-axis AEC, rotational or angular AEC, or a combination of two or more of these types.

Correlation between high resolution dynamic MR features and prognostic factors in breast cancer.

Objective: To correlate high resolution dynamic MR features with prognostic factors in breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and ninety-four women with invasive ductal carcinomas underwent dynamic MR imaging using T1-weighted three-dimensional fast low-angle shot (3D-FLASH) sequence within two weeks prior to surgery. Morphological and kinetic MR features were determined based on the breast imaging and reporting data system (BI-RADS) MR imaging lexicon.

MRI findings of subcutaneous epidermal cysts: emphasis on the presence of rupture.

Objective: Our aim was to describe the MRI findings of subcutaneous epidermal cysts with an emphasis on determining the presence of rupture.

Conclusion: Epidermal cysts show a fluidlike signal with variable low-signal components on T2-weighted images and peripheral rim enhancement on gadolinium-enhanced images. Most ruptured cysts have septa, show thick and irregular rim enhancement, and are accompanied by a fuzzy enhancement in surrounding subcutaneous tissues.

Imaging findings of extrapulmonary metastases of osteosarcoma.

Purpose: To review imaging findings of extrapulmonary metastasis from osteosarcoma and to evaluate them for any consistent pattern and correlation between imaging findings.

Materials And Methods: This study was retrospectively conducted in 13 patients with extrapulmonary metastasis of pathologically confirmed osteosarcoma. We evaluated the radioisotope (RI) scans (n=16), ultrasonography (USG) (n=4), computed tomography (CT) scans (n=10), MRIs (n=6), clinical records, and pathological reports for assessment of imaging findings and correlation between radiologic findings and RI uptake of the lesions.

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve: practical review for radiologists.

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which is defined as a plot of test sensitivity as they coordinate versus its 1-specificity or false positive rate (FPR) as the x coordinate, is an effective method of evaluating the performance of diagnostic tests. The purpose of this article is to provide a nonmathematical introduction to ROC analysis. Important concepts involved in the correct use and interpretation of this analysis, such as smooth and empirical ROC curves, parametric and nonparametric methods, the area under the ROC curve and its 95% confidence interval, the sensitivity at a particular FPR, and the use of a partial area under the ROC curve are discussed.

Volumetric tumor measurement using three-dimensional ultrasound: in vitro phantom study on measurement accuracy under various scanning conditions.

Factors influencing volumetric tumor measurement using 3-D ultrasound (US) were investigated. A 3-D US unit equipped with 4- to 8-MHz curved-array and 5- to 10-MHz linear-array mechanical volume transducers, and a US phantom made of 20 ham pieces (8.6 approximately 10.

Interface vessels on color/power Doppler US and MRI: a clue to differentiate subserosal uterine myomas from extrauterine tumors.

Purpose: In subserosal myomas, vessels are often demonstrated between the masses and the uterus. This study was performed to assess the usefulness of demonstrating these vessels in differentiating subserosal myomas from extrauterine tumors on color or power Doppler US (CDUS/PDUS) and MRI.

Method: This retrospective study included 41 patients with subserosal myomas and 27 patients with solid extrauterine tumors.

Juxtacortical chondromyxoid fibroma arising in an apophysis.

We present a rare case of juxtacortical chondromyxoid fibroma arising in the lesser trochanter of the right femur which corresponds to an apophysis. Radiography showed a well-defined expansive lesion with a sclerotic margin measuring 5x3.5 cm in diameter in the lesser trochanter.

Digital chest radiography with a selenium-based flat-panel detector versus a storage phosphor system: comparison of soft-copy images.

Objective: We compared the soft-copy images produced by a digital chest radiography system that uses a flat-panel X-ray detector based on amorphous selenium with images produced by a storage phosphor radiography system for the visualization of anatomic regions of the chest.

Materials And Methods: Two chest radiologists and two residents analyzed 46 pairs of posteroanterior chest radiographs on high-resolution video monitors (2560 x 2048 x 8 bits). In each pair, one radiograph was obtained with a storage phosphor radiography system, and the other radiograph was obtained with a selenium-based flat-panel detector radiography system.

MR findings of desmoplastic fibroma of the spine. A case report.

We report on the MR imaging findings in a case of spinal desmoplastic fibroma (DF). DF of the bone is a rare, locally aggressive tumor. It is commonly located in long bones, pelvis or mandible.

Brain abscess and necrotic or cystic brain tumor: discrimination with signal intensity on diffusion-weighted MR imaging.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in signal intensity between brain abscesses and necrotic or cystic tumors on diffusion-weighted MR imaging.

Conclusion: Five consecutive patients with proven brain abscesses and four patients with proven cystic or necrotic brain tumors were prospectively evaluated with diffusion-weighted imaging. On diffusion-weighted imaging, brain abscesses showed markedly hyperintense signal in all five patients, whereas necrotic or cystic brain tumors revealed hypointense signal in all four patients.