Safety and Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid in General Surgery.

Importance: Perioperative bleeding is common in general surgery. The POISE-3 (Perioperative Ischemic Evaluation-3) trial demonstrated efficacy of prophylactic tranexamic acid (TXA) compared with placebo in preventing major bleeding without increasing vascular outcomes in noncardiac surgery.

Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of prophylactic TXA, specifically in general surgery.

Gender Disparities and Lung Cancer Screening Outcomes Among Individuals Who Have Never Smoked.

Importance: Lung cancer in individuals who have never smoked (INS) is a growing global concern, with a rapidly increasing incidence and proportion among all lung cancer cases. Particularly in East Asia, opportunistic lung cancer screening (LCS) programs targeting INS have gained popularity. However, the sex-specific outcomes and drawbacks of screening INS remain unexplored, with data predominantly focused on women.

Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities in Plasmonic Nanogap-Enhanced Raman Scattering with Nanoparticles.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering has been widely used for molecular/material characterization and chemical and biological sensing and imaging applications. In particular, plasmonic nanogap-enhanced Raman scattering (NERS) is based on the highly localized electric field formed within the nanogap between closely spaced metallic surfaces to more strongly amplify Raman signals than the cases with molecules on metal surfaces. Nanoparticle-based NERS offers extraordinarily strong Raman signals and a plethora of opportunities in sensing, imaging and many different types of biomedical applications.

The role of mTOR activation in steroid-resistant asthma: insights from particulate matter-induced mouse model and patient studies.

Particulate matter (PM) exposure has been proposed as one of the causes of steroid resistance. However, studies investigating this using patient samples or animals are still lacking. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in cytokines and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) activation in patients with steroid resistant asthma and the role of mTOR in a mouse model of steroid resistant asthma induced by PM.

Effect of romosozumab on bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in premenopausal women with low bone mass.

Unlabelled: We investigated the efficacy of romosozumab in premenopausal women with low bone mass. Romosozumab substantially increased bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in these women, aligning with its proven therapeutic benefits for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Purpose: Romosozumab, an anti-sclerostin antibody, is a promising anabolic agent that increases bone formation and decreases bone resorption.

CXR-LLaVA: a multimodal large language model for interpreting chest X-ray images.

Objective: This study aimed to develop an open-source multimodal large language model (CXR-LLaVA) for interpreting chest X-ray images (CXRs), leveraging recent advances in large language models (LLMs) to potentially replicate the image interpretation skills of human radiologists.

Materials And Methods: For training, we collected 592,580 publicly available CXRs, of which 374,881 had labels for certain radiographic abnormalities (Dataset 1) and 217,699 provided free-text radiology reports (Dataset 2). After pre-training a vision transformer with Dataset 1, we integrated it with an LLM influenced by the LLaVA network.

Bacterial components-driven intrahepatic CXCR5 B cells are important population for MASH progression through inducing inflammation.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is characterized by severe liver inflammation and fibrosis due to an imbalanced immune response caused by enhanced bacterial components. The progression of MASH is closely linked to increased permeability of intestinal mucosal barrier facilitating enter of bacterial components into hepatic portal venous system. B cells are important immune cells for adaptive responses and enhance hepatic inflammation through cytokine production and T cell activation.

Accuracy of Fully Automated and Human-assisted AI-based CT Quantification of Pleural Effusion Changes after Thoracentesis.

Quantifying pleural effusion change on chest CT is important for evaluating disease severity and treatment response. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI)-based volume quantification of pleural effusion change on CT images, using the volume of drained fluid as the reference standard. Seventy-nine participants (mean age, 65 ± [SD] 13 years; 47 male) undergoing thoracentesis were prospectively enrolled from October 2021 to September 2023.

Identifying Disease Associated Multi-Omics Network With Mixed Graphical Models Based on Markov Random Field Model.

In this article, we proposed a new method named fused mixed graphical model (FMGM), which can infer network structures associated with dichotomous phenotypes. FMGM is based on a pairwise Markov random field model, and statistical analyses including the proposed method were conducted to find biological markers and underlying network structures of the atopic dermatitis (AD) from multiomics data of 6-month-old infants. The performance of FMGM was evaluated with simulations by using synthetic datasets of power-law networks, showing that FMGM had superior performance for identifying the differences of the networks compared to the separate inference with the previous method, causalMGM (F1-scores 0.

Mesoporous Boron-Doped Carbon with Curved BC Active Sites for Highly Efficient HO Electrosynthesis in Neutral Media and Air-Supplied Environments.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) electrosynthesis via the 2e oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is considered as a cost-effective and safe alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone process. However, in more practical environments, namely, the use of neutral media and air-fed cathode environments, slow ORR kinetics and insufficient oxygen supply pose significant challenges to efficient HO production at high current densities. In this work, mesoporous B-doped carbons with novel curved BC active sites, synthesized via a carbon dioxide (CO) reduction using a pore-former agent, to simultaneously achieve excellent 2e ORR activity and improved mass transfer properties are introduced.

Cell-Interface-Deciphering Lipid Nanotablet for Nanoparticle Logic Gate-Based Real-Time Single-Cell Analysis.

Analyzing the cell interface is of paramount importance in understanding how cells interact and communicate with other cells, but an advanced analytical platform that can process complex and networked interactions between cell surface ligands and receptors is lacking. Herein, we developed the cell-interface-deciphering lipid nanotablet (CID-LNT) for multiplexed real-time cell analysis. LNT is a nanoparticle-tethered lipid bilayer chip where freely diffusing plasmonic nanoparticles induce scattering signal changes.

Mice deficient in TWIK-1 are more susceptible to kainic acid-induced seizures.

TWIK-1 belongs to the two-pore domain K (K2P) channel family, which plays an essential role in the background K conductance of cells. Despite the development of exon 2-deleted knockout (KO) mice, the physiological role of TWIK-1 has remained largely unknown. Here, we observed that the exon 2-deleted KO mice expressed an internally deleted TWIK-1 (TWIK-1 ΔEx2) protein, which unexpectedly acts as a functional K channel.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy up-regulates PD-L1 in radioresistant colorectal cancer.

Background: Combining radiotherapy (RT) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a promising strategy that can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs. However, little is known about RT-induced changes in the expression of immune checkpoints, such as PD-L1, and their clinical implications in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate the association between responsiveness to RT and changes in PD-L1 expression in human CRC tissue and cell lines.

Use of Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy in Clinical Practice: A Review.

Immunoglobulins (Igs) are produced by B lymphocytes and play a key role in humoral immunity. Igs are classified into five isotypes (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD). Their primary function is to recognize and bind to foreign antigens.

Urinary biomarkers for diagnosing acute kidney injury in sepsis in the emergency department.

Background: Development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with sepsis is associated with increased mortality, highlighting the importance of early detection and management. However, baseline creatinine or urine output measurements are required for AKI diagnosis, which can be challenging in emergency departments (EDs). We aimed to evaluate the association between urinary biomarkers and the AKI diagnosis or 30-day survival status in patients with sepsis in the ED.

Understanding the adoption intention of financial data retrieval services: An empirical analysis of my data.

This study empirically analyzed the variables affecting the adoption intention of a financial data retrieval service (i.e. My Data) through the convergence of the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model, the value-based adoption model (VAM), and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT1).

Utilization of refuse-derived fuel in industrial applications: Insights from Uttar Pradesh, India.

Urbanization and population growth in India have quickened, leading to an annual generation of around 62 million tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW). Improper management of organic waste presents a major environmental problem due to air and water pollution, soil contamination and greenhouse gas production. This research aims to develop refuse-derived fuel (RDF) as a viable option, converting waste into a high-calorific energy carrier for industrial use.

Investigation of airborne contaminant transmissions using network models: COVID-19 outbreak and potential risk in senior care facilities.

Many COVID-19 outbreaks occurred in senior care facilities during the last three years. Senior care facilities are nursing places for the long-term treatment and care of senior citizens, who are prone to be exposed to an infectious disease that spreads into these buildings. Therefore, this study investigated airborne contaminant transmissions based on outbreak cases in senior care facilities in Korea and analyzed the potential impact of architectural features in a selected senior care facility using network simulations.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 5'-Deoxy-adenosine Derivatives as A Adenosine Receptor Ligands.

The A Adenosine Receptor (AAR) is an important therapeutic target due to its role in inflammation and immune response regulation. Herein, we synthesized and evaluated 5'-deoxy-adenosine derivatives with oxygen at the 4'-position, comparing them to previously studied 4'-thionucleosides. Compound exhibited the highest binding affinity ( = 5.

Sparse kernel -means clustering.

Clustering is an essential technique that groups similar data points to uncover the underlying structure and features of the data. Although traditional clustering methods such as -means are widely utilized, they have limitations in identifying nonlinear clusters. Thus, alternative techniques, such as kernel -means and spectral clustering, have been developed to address this issue.

Neurocognitive Profiles of Early Adulthood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objectives: This study examined the neurocognitive profiles of early adulthood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients using the Korean version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th Edition (K-WAIS-IV) and Continuous Performance Test 3rd Edition (CPT-3) assessment results.

Methods: A total of 105 individuals underwent the K-WAIS-IV assessment, and 68 participants completed the CPT-3. We examined the differences between intelligence subindex scores using paired t-tests and applied Pearson's correlation analysis to determine the correlation between the K-WAIS-IV and CPT-3 scores.

Association Between Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Exposure and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), specifically phthalates, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and bisphenol S, and the severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms using neuropsychological tests in children diagnosed with ADHD.

Methods: This study included 67 medication-naïve children with ADHD aged 6-16 years. The urinary concentrations of EDCs were measured, and ADHD symptom severity was evaluated using neuropsychological tests and clinical symptom scale measurements.