A multi-functional picolinohydrazide-based chemosensor for colorimetric detection of iron and dual responsive detection of hypochlorite.

A novel effective chemosensor HPHN, (E)-6-hydroxy-N'-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene) picolinohydrazide, was synthesized. HPHN sensed Fe with the changes of color from yellow to orange without obvious inhibition from other cations. In addition, HPHN could detect ClO by both the color change from yellow to colorless and the fluorescence quenching.

An error detection and recovery algorithm for compressed video signal using source level redundancy.

The motion compensation-discrete cosine transform (MC-DCT) coding is an efficient compression technique for a digital video sequence. However, the compressed video signal is vulnerable to transmission errors over noisy channels. In this paper, we propose a robust video transmission algorithm, which protects the compressed video signal by inserting redundant information at the source level.

Compact encoding of 3-D voxel surfaces based on pattern code representation.

In this paper, we propose a lossless compression algorithm for three-dimensional (3-D) binary voxel surfaces, based on the pattern code representation (PCR). In PCR, a voxel surface is represented by a series of pattern codes. The pattern of a voxel v is defined as the 3 x 3 x 3 array of voxels, centered on v.

Input feature selection for classification problems.

Feature selection plays an important role in classifying systems such as neural networks (NNs). We use a set of attributes which are relevant, irrelevant or redundant and from the viewpoint of managing a dataset which can be huge, reducing the number of attributes by selecting only the relevant ones is desirable. In doing so, higher performances with lower computational effort is expected.

Image pre-processing methods for palm print authentication.

We propose a ridge detection method for palm print identification using low-resolution images. Before the image processing such as Hough transform, we focused on extracting the exact principle line of palm print using contours. To solve the LF (local flatness) problem on the image, we used the DAROC (downhill along the ridges on the contours) algorithm utilizing distance, angle and momentum.

Measurement of ocular torsion using iterative optical flow.

This work represents a new method for measuring ocular torsion using optical flow. Feature points are obtained from reference and current image, and the relative optical flows of each point are calculated. The feature points are selected according to the strength of corner on the signature of iris.

Computer-aided diagnosis of solid breast nodules on ultrasound with digital image processing and artificial neural network.

A computer-aided diagnosis algorithm identifying breast nodule malignancy using multiple ultrasonography features and artificial neural network classifier was developed from a database of 584 histologically-confirmed cases containing 300 benign and 284 malignant breast nodules. The features were extracted from sonographic images through digital image processing. An artificial neural network then distinguished malignant nodules based on those features.

Automated quantification of retinal nerve fiber layer atrophy in fundus photograph.

Quantitative analysis of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect is prerequisite in the early detection and management of glaucoma. A new automatic quantification method to evaluate the degree of RNLF defect has been proposed in this paper. Simple image processing technique is applied to locate optic disc and intensity of the pixels around optic disc is plotted.

Three dimensional reconstruction of conventional stereo optic disc image.

Stereo disc photograph was analyzed and reconstructed as 3 dimensional contour image to evaluate the status of the optic nerve head for the early detection of glaucoma and the evaluation of the efficacy of treatment. Stepwise preprocessing was introduced to detect the edge of the optic nerve head and retinal vessels and reduce noises. Paired images were registered by power cepstrum method and zero-mean normalized cross-correlation.

A study on the factor number determination methods in the partial least squares model for the urinalysis using Raman spectroscopy.

As an effort for the development of the nonintrusive measurement system, Raman spectroscopy was applied for the urinalysis. By using Raman spectroscopy, the concentration of the urine components could be measured. As a multivariate method, the partial least squares method was performed.

Regularized FOCUSS algorithm for EEG/MEG source imaging.

In this paper, we derived a generalized version of the regularized FOCUSS algorithm which was derived in [3]. It allows general forms of noise covariance and reduces depth effect when imaging focal neural sources from electroencephalography (EEG) / magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. We compared a depth-weighted regularized algorithm with FOCUSS and a regularized FOCUSS through simulation study.

Cytometry microchip using polymer-based saltbridge electrodes.

We developed a cytometry glass chip using polymer-based saltbridge electrodes. Saltbridge electrodes were placed at lateral sides of channel to increase the sensitivity and robustness of detection. The dimension of saltbridge electrodes which are exposed to channel was 50mum by 20mum (width, height).

Importance of skin resistance in the reverse iontophoresis-based noninvasive glucose monitoring system.

Utilization of the changes in skin resistance during reverse iontophoresis is proposed to detect severe perspiration as well as to correct the glucose estimation. Developed system consists of the amperometric biosensor unit, the electrode unit, a constant current driver circuit and a microcontroller-based control. Performance of the developed system was evaluated by the in-vitro skin model which was specially designed for reverse iontophoresis system.

The ECG measurement in the bathtub using the insulated electrodes.

The ECG recording in the bathtub was studied using insulated electrode. Prior studies of the ECG recording in the bathtub used conductive electrodes having some problems such as the possibility of the electric shock and sensitivity to contamination of the electrode surfaces. The insulated electrodes were made of copper plate coated with PET film.

The electrically non-contacting ECG measurement on the toilet seat using the capacitively-coupled insulated electrodes.

The studies of ECG measurement on the toilet seat have been performed specifically for the ubiquitous health care. Instead of the mainly used dry electrodes having several problems such as the electrical safety or the environmental stability, we used the capacitively-coupled insulated electrodes, which were composed of the Cu plate and the PTFE film for the measurement. The biosignal sensed with the insulated electrodes was measured through the ultra-high input impedance system including OPA111 having the common mode impedance of 10/sup 14/ Omega ft.

A new algorithm for Kohonen layer learning with application to power system stability analysis.

In certain classification problems, input patterns are not distributed in a clustering manner but distributed uniformly in an input space and there exist certain critical hyperplanes called decision boundaries. Since learning vector quantization (LVQ) classifies an input vector based on the nearest neighbor, the codebook vectors away from the decision boundaries are redundant. This paper presents an alternative algorithm called boundary search algorithm (BSA) for the purpose of solving this redundancy problem.

An optimal tracking neuro-controller for nonlinear dynamic systems.

Multilayer neural networks are used to design an optimal tracking neuro-controller (OTNC) for discrete-time nonlinear dynamic systems with quadratic cost function. The OTNC is made of two controllers: feedforward neuro-controller (FFNC) and feedback neuro-controller (FBNC). The FFNC controls the steady-state output of the plant, while the FBNC controls the transient-state output of the plant.

Constructive neural networks with piecewise interpolation capabilities for function approximations.

This paper proposes a constructive neural network with a piecewise linear or nonlinear local interpolation capability to approximate arbitrary continuous functions. This neural network is devised by introducing a space tessellation which is a covering of the Euclidean space by nonoverlapping hyperpolyhedral convex cells. In the proposed neural network, a number of neural network granules (NNG's) are processed in parallel and repeated regularly with the same structures.

A new method of determining the equivalent circuit parameters of piezoelectric resonators and analysis of the piezoelectric loading effect.

An inductive method of piezoelectric resonance detection is applied to the determination of equivalent circuit parameters of piezoelectric resonators. Using this method one can measure the resonance frequency and mechanical Q-factor of a resonator directly as well as their dependences on the electrical impedance which is connected to the resonator. From the equivalent circuit analysis the changes in resonance frequency and Q-factor due to the piezoelectric loading effects are determined.

Sensitivity analysis of multilayer perceptron with differentiable activation functions.

In a neural network, many different sets of connection weights can approximately realize an input-output mapping. The sensitivity of the neural network varies depending on the set of weights. For the selection of weights with lower sensitivity or for estimating output perturbations in the implementation, it is important to measure the sensitivity for the weights.