Flow arrest during carotid artery stenting with a distal embolic protection device: A single-center experience and clinical implications.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the incidence of flow arrest during carotid artery stenting (CAS) with filter-type embolic protection device (EPD), identify any predisposing factors for those situations, and contemplate intraprocedural precautionary steps.

Methods: CAS was performed in 128 patients with 132 arteries using filter-type EPD. The characteristics of treated patients and arteries were compared between groups with and without flow arrest.

Automatic Mechanical Ventilation vs Manual Bag Ventilation During CPR: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: There is insufficient evidence supporting the theory that mechanical ventilation can replace the manual ventilation method during CPR.

Research Question: Is using automatic mechanical ventilation (MV) feasible and comparable to the manual ventilation method during CPR?

Study Design And Methods: This pilot randomized controlled trial compared MV and manual bag ventilation (BV) during CPR after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Patients with medical OHCA arriving at the ED were randomly assigned to two groups: an MV group using a mechanical ventilator and a BV group using a bag valve mask.

Outcomes of Various Classes of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Importance: Several oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) classes can potentially improve patient outcomes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to varying degrees, but clinical data on which class is favored are lacking.

Objective: To investigate which OAD is associated with the best patient outcomes in NAFLD and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective nonrandomized interventional cohort study used the National Health Information Database, which provided population-level data for Korea.

Identification of signature gene set as highly accurate determination of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease progression.

Background/aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver. MASLD encompasses both steatosis and MASH. Since MASH can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer, steatosis and MASH must be distinguished during patient treatment.

Steatotic liver disease predicts cardiovascular disease and advanced liver fibrosis: A community-dwelling cohort study with 20-year follow-up.

Background: Steatotic liver disease (SLD) has emerged as new nomenclature to increase awareness and reflect the pathophysiology of the disease better. We investigated the risk of advanced fibrosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in SLD using data derived from a Korean prospective cohort.

Methods: We defined SLD using the fatty liver index (FLI) and identified advanced fibrosis with the age-adjusted Fibrosis-4 Index.

Nationwide Long-Term Growth and Developmental Outcomes of Infants for Congenital Anomalies in the Digestive System and Abdominal Wall Defects With Surgery in Korea.

Background: Infants with congenital anomalies of the digestive system and abdominal wall defects requiring surgery are at risk of growth and developmental delays. The aim of this study was to analyze long-term growth and developmental outcomes for infants with congenital anomalies of the digestive system and abdominal wall defects who underwent surgery in Korea.

Methods: We extracted data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database for the years 2013-2019.

Feasibility of a deep learning artificial intelligence model for the diagnosis of pediatric ileocolic intussusception with grayscale ultrasonography.

Purpose: This study explored the feasibility of utilizing a deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) model to detect ileocolic intussusception on grayscale ultrasound images.

Methods: This retrospective observational study incorporated ultrasound images of children who underwent emergency ultrasonography for suspected ileocolic intussusception. After excluding video clips, Doppler images, and annotated images, 40,765 images from two tertiary hospitals were included (positive-to-negative ratio: hospital A, 2,775:35,373; hospital B, 140:2,477).

Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Women with Endometrial Cancer: Dynamic Versus Single-Phase Acquisitions.

Background: The 2019 European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) guidelines for endometrial cancer recommend performing either dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE MRI) or single-phase CE MRI. However, no study has directly compared these options. Therefore, this study compared dynamic versus single-phase CE MRI for the evaluation of myometrial invasion in women with endometrial cancer.

Electroacupuncture for abdominal pain relief in patients with acute pancreatitis: A three-arm randomized controlled trial.

Background: Electroacupuncture (EA) may reduce the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) and provide additional pain relief in patients with chronic pancreatitis. However, the ability of EA to relieve pain in patients with AP has not been well documented.

Objective: This study was undertaken to compare the pain-relieving effects of EA and conventional treatment in patients with AP.

Effect of transcript type and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction on successful treatment-free remission in chronic myeloid leukemia patients who discontinued tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Background: Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is an exact method of measurement.

Objectives: We conducted this study to identify the prognostic factors for successful treatment-free remission in patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia who discontinued tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We also aimed to validate ddPCR for predicting molecular relapse.

Inertial measurement unit sensor-based gait analysis in adults and older adults: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Gait assessment has been used in a wide range of clinical applications, and gait velocity is also a leading predictor of disease and physical functional aspects in older adults.

Research Question: The study aim to examine the changes in IMU-based gait parameters according to age in healthy adults aged 50 and older, to analyze differences between aging patients.

Methods: A total of 296 healthy adults (65.

Prognostic Role of Preoperative Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Recurrence at First Evaluation after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Induction in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

We investigated the prognosis of BCG induction-only treatment and non-complete response (CR) at the first 3-month evaluation and examined factors associated with CR. In total, 209 patients with moderate- and high-risk NMIBC who received BCG induction-only treatment between 2008 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed based on the initial NMIBC stage.

Major Congenital Anomalies in Korean Livebirths in 2013-2014: Based on the National Health Insurance Database.

Background: In Korea, there have been no reports comparing the prevalence of major congenital anomalies with other countries and no reports on surgical treatment and long-term mortality. We investigated the prevalence of 67 major congenital anomalies in Korea and compared the prevalence with that of the European network of population-based registries for the epidemiological surveillance of congenital anomalies (EUROCAT). We also investigated the mortality and age at death, the proportion of preterm births, and the surgical rate for the 67 major congenital anomalies.

A circulating cell-free DNA methylation signature for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

To address the shortcomings of current hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance tests, we set out to find HCC-specific methylation markers and develop a highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method to detect them in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). The analysis of large methylome data revealed that Ring Finger Protein 135 (RNF135) and Lactate Dehydrogenase B (LDHB) are universally applicable HCC methylation markers with no discernible methylation level detected in any other tissue types. These markers were used to develop Methylation Sensitive High-Resolution Analysis (MS-HRM), and their diagnostic accuracy was tested using cfDNA from healthy, at-risk, and HCC patients.

Recompensation in cirrhosis: unravelling the evolving natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Recompensation has gained increasing attention in the field of cirrhosis, particularly in chronic liver disease with a definite aetiology. The current global prevalence of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing, but there is currently a lack of a clear definition for recompensation in NAFLD-related cirrhosis. Here, we provide an up-to-date perspective on the natural history of NAFLD, emphasizing the reversible nature of the disease, summarizing possible mechanisms underlying recompensation in NAFLD, discussing challenges that need to be addressed and outlining future research directions in the field.

Differences in Associated Factors of Sedentary Behavior by Diabetes Mellitus Status: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aimed to identify the lifestyle and comorbidity factors associated with sedentary behavior by diabetes mellitus (DM) status. A total of 17,832 participants aged ≥50 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. Factors associated with long sedentary time (LST, ≥420 min/day) in individuals with and without DM (non-DM) were assessed.

Comparison of the performance of currently used estimated glomerular filtration rate equations with 24-hour urine creatinine clearance: sample analysis of randomised controlled trial participants.

Objective: There are several equations for estimating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and each method has its limitations. We compared various estimated GFR (eGFR) equations with 24 hours urine creatinine clearance (24u-CCr).

Design: Sample analysis of randomised controlled trial participants.

Sociodemographic, Behavioural, and Health Factors Associated with Sedentary Behaviour in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

Few studies have focused on factors associated with sedentary behaviour among older Asian adults. This study aimed to identify factors independently associated with prolonged sedentary times in Korean older adults. We included 8273 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

First-in-human randomized study of RNAi therapeutic RG6346 for chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Background & Aims: RG6346 is an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc)-conjugated, double-stranded RNA interference agent targeting the HBV genome S-region. We investigated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of RG6346 in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic HBV infection (CHB).

Methods: This first-in-human, adaptive, randomized, double-blinded, phase I study recruited three groups of participants: Group A, 30 healthy volunteers received single-dose RG6346 at 0.

Development and Validation of the Korean Version of the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Screen (ECAS-K).

Background And Purpose: Cognitive and behavioral changes are common in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with about 15% of patients presenting with overt frontotemporal dementia and 30%-50% with varying degrees of impairments. We aimed to develop and validate the Korean version of the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS-K), a brief multidomain assessment tool developed for ALS patients with physical disability.

Methods: We developed the ECAS-K according to the translation guidelines, and administered it to 38 patients with ALS and 26 age- and education-level-matched controls.

Variability of response on prophylactic prasugrel for endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms: Clinical implications.

Background And Purpose: Prophylactic prasugrel for endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms has been introduced and increased, but HTPR (high on-treatment platelet reactivity) or LTPR (low on-treatment platelet reactivity) of prasugrel is not uncommon in clinical circumstances. To investigate the predisposing factors of HTPR and LTPR on prasugrel premedication in the neurointerventional field and to determine its clinical implications.

Materials And Methods: Between February 2016 and December 2020, 191 patients treated with coil embolization using prophylactic prasugrel in 234 intracranial aneurysms were the final candidates for this study.