[Rate of progression of Parkinson's disease with early and delayed prescription of levodopa preparations.].

Aim: To optimize therapy with levodopa preparations in relation to the rate of disease progression.

Material And Methods: Eighty-six patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were studied. Rate of progression was assessed by time of developing the 3rd stage of the disease.

[ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF HOSPITAL PAYMENT METHODS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN].

Purpose - to evaluate the methods of payment for medical aid in the medical organizations of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The materials of the study were statistical and financial indicators of the activity of medical organizations of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010-2017. The research is based on methods of organizational and economic research: theoretical analysis, economic and statistical analysis.

[ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS OF THE RISK OF BIRTH OF CHILDREN IS PREMATUREA IN REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN].

Aim of the study was the analysis of risk factors for the birth of premature infants in the city of Semey, Kazakhstan. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of maternal risk factors for the birth of children prematurely. Prematurely born are children born alive at the time of 37 full weeks of pregnancy.

[EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE OFFSPRINGS OF PEOPLE EXPOSED TO RADIATION DUE TO NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTS IN KAZAKHSTAN].

The assessment of environmental factors influence on the population quality of life is one of the generally accepted methods of health status evaluation. The leading position in the structure of stress factors associated with nuclear weapons testing is attributed to inadequate informing of the population considering the consequences of radiation exposure, which leads to the development of anxiety and affects the assessment of the quality of life. This paper presents the outcomes of the quality of life evaluation in the population exposed to radiation on the territories of Abai (n=233), Borodulikha (n=222), and Kurchum districts (n=245) of East Kazakhstan region.

Systemic lupus erythematosus and associated healthcare resource consumption in selected cities from the Russian Federation, Republic of Kazakhstan and Ukraine: the ESSENCE study.

Objectives: To evaluate healthcare resource (HR) consumption associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) management in adult patients with active autoantibody positive disease in the Russian Federation, Republic of Kazakhstan, and Ukraine.

Methods: The ESSENCE was a retrospective, observational study, and included data on patients' clinical characteristics and SLE-related HR use (laboratory, biopsy, imaging tests, medications, visits to specialists, outpatient visits, hospitalizations) during 2010 from the 12 specialized rheumatologic centers.

Results: A total of 436 SLE patients were included in the analyses, with 232 patients being enrolled in Russia, 110 in Kazakhstan, and 94 in Ukraine.

The prevalence, burden and risk factors associated with bronchial asthma in commonwealth of independent states countries (Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan): results of the CORE study.

Background: In the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries epidemiology of Bronchial Asthma (BA) is poorly characterized. The objective of this analysis is to present the prevalence, burden and risk factors associated with BA in the CIS countries as part of the CORE study (Chronic Obstructive REspiratory diseases).

Methods: A total of 2842 adults (≥18 years) were recruited (964 in Kiev, Ukraine, 945 in Almaty, Kazakhstan, and 933 in Baku, Azerbaijan) in 2013-2015 during household visits.

TREATMENT OF TOXIC THYROID ADENOMA BY THE ETHANOL DESTRUCTION METHOD.

The aim of study was to evaluate the long-term results and complications of percutaneous ethanol injection therapy of the thyroid gland toxic adenoma for a 10-year follow-up period. We conducted a 10-year prospective cohort study of the ethanol sclerotherapy results in 43patients with toxic adenomas of the thyroid gland aged in average 62.59 (57.

[PHYTOCORRECTION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE COMBINED IMPACT OF COAL DUST AND HIGH DOSE OF RADIATION].

The objective of this researsh is to study the effects of Eminium Regelii phytopreparation (ERP) on immune status and free radical oxidation in the tissues of the adrenal glands and immunocompetent organs after combined exposure to 6 Gy dose of gamma irradiation and coal dust (remote period). The study was realized on 30 white laboratory male rats of the Wistar line, weighing 240±20g, that were divided into equal 3 groups: I group - intact, ІІ group - were exposured to combined effects of coal dust and gamma irradiation, III group - were exposured to combined effects and in parallel taking phytopreparation Eminium Regel. The animals of II and III groups were irradiated 90 days prior to the study at the TERAGAM 60Co radiotherapy unit ("ISOTREND spol.

Protozoan Parasites in Drinking Water: A System Approach for Improved Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Developing Countries.

Improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are significant in preventing diarrhea morbidity and mortality caused by protozoa in low- and middle-income countries. Due to the intimate and complex relationships between the different WASH components, it is often necessary to improve not just one but all of these components to have sustainable results. The objective of this paper was to review the current state of WASH-related health problems caused by parasitic protozoa by: giving an overview and classification of protozoa and their effect on people's health, discussing different ways to improve accessibility to safe drinking water, sanitation services and personal hygiene behavior; and suggesting an institutional approach to ensure improved WASH.

Octodrine: New Questions and Challenges in Sport Supplements.

Octodrine is the trade name for Dimethylhexylamine (DMHA), a central nervous stimulant that increases the uptake of dopamine and noradrenaline. Originally developed as a nasal decongestant in the 1950's, it has recently been re-introduced on the market as a pre-workout and 'fat-burner' product but its use remains unregulated. Our work provides the first observational cross-sectional analytic study on Octodrine as a new drug trend and its associated harms after a gap spanning seven decades.

Are Kazakhstani Women Satisfied with Antenatal Care? Implementing the WHO Tool to Assess the Quality of Antenatal Services.

Women's satisfaction is a part of the quality assurance process with potential to improve antenatal health services. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of women's satisfaction with antenatal care in an urban Kazakhstani setting and investigate associated factors. A total of 1496 women who delivered in all maternity clinics from 6 February through 11 July 2013 in Semey, East Kazakhstan, filled out a standardized pretested questionnaire on satisfaction with antenatal care.

Incidence, mortality and determinants of survival from cervical cancer in Northwest Russia: a registry-based cohort study.

Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women. The evidence from Russia, however, is scarce. We studied the incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer in northwest Russia, and assessed determinants of survival among cervical cancer patients.

[CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISPLASIA AT CHILDREN LIVING IN EAST REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN].

The frequency of the combination of congenital heart defects (CHD) and connective tissue dysplasia remains poorly understood. And connective tissue dysplasia enhance severity the clinical of CHD. The aim of the study was to conduct a clinical and laboratory analysis of combinations of congenital heart defects and connective tissue dysplasia in children of Semey and to determine the risk for the development of these pathologies.

[MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY FROM PROSTATE CANCER IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN FROM 2007 TO 2016].

Worldwide, prostate cancer is the second most common male malignancy after lung cancer. However, prostate cancer is less common for the Asian population. We performed statistical analysis of official data on newly diagnosed cases of prostate cancer based on the annual reports of cancer hospitals in the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period of 10 years (2007-2016).

Correction to: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis in the adult population within the commonwealth of independent states: rationale and design of the CORE study.

After publication of this work [1] it was noticed three author names were spelt incorrectly. Liudmila Iashyna should be Liudmyla Iashyna, Marina Polyanskaya should be Maryna Polianska and Elcan Mamamdbayov should be Eljan Mammadbayov.

[THE DIFFERENCES OF CHANGES IN BODY WEIGHT ON THE HYPERTENSION IN ADOLESCENTS 12-13 YEARS].

The aim of the research was to study the differences of overweight, obesity to the level of AH among 12-13 years old. We carried out a cross-sectional study of 1493 adolescents aged 12-13 years in Semey. The risk factor of diseases of the circulatory system was studied, such as obesity and its correlation with the level of arterial pressure.

Case-finding for alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency in Kazakh patients with COPD.

Background: Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an under-diagnosed condition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to screen for AATD in Kazakh patients with COPD using dried blood spot specimens.

Methods: The alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) concentration was determined by nephelometry, PCR was used to detect PiS and PiZ alleles; and isoelectric focusing was used to confirm questionable genotype results and detect rare AAT variants.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis in the adult population within the commonwealth of independent states: rationale and design of the CORE study.

Background: Main treatable Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRDs) like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Bronchial Asthma (BA) and Allergic Rhinitis (AR) are underdiagnosed and undertreated worldwide. CORE study was aimed to assess the point prevalence of COPD, BA and AR in the adult population of major cities of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries - Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine based on study questionnaires and/or spirometry, and to document risk factors, characterize the COPD, BA and AR population to provide a clearer "epidemiological data".

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, population-based epidemiological study conducted from 2013 to 2015 with two-stage cluster geographical randomization.

Cytogenetic abnormalities of the descendants of permanent residents of heavily contaminated East Kazakhstan.

More than 400 nuclear explosion tests were conducted at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS) and significant radioactive substances were released. The long-term consequences of the activities at the SNTS and the appearance of any hereditary effects remain insufficiently studied about 25 years after the test site was closed. The population living in villages near the SNTS are considered to have been heavily exposed to external and internal radiation.

EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO RADIOACTIVE 56MnO2 POWDER ON HYALURONAN SYNTHASE 2 IN THE LUNGS OF RATS.

Manganese-56 (56Mn) is among the predominant radioisotopes produced in soil by neutrons from atomic bombs. Previously, we examined the effects of the internal exposure of this radioisotope in Wistar rats and reported significant pathological changes in the lung and small intestine. In the present study, we focused on its effects on hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2) gene expression that may related to pathological changes in the lung.

Impact of synthetic cannabinoids on the duration of opioid-related withdrawal and craving among patients of addiction clinics in Kazakhstan: A prospective case-control study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to prospectively assess whether regular use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) affects the duration of opioid-related withdrawal and craving symptoms in patients undergoing drug detoxification treatments.

Methods: Patients (n = 193) with opioid use disorder, among which 47 patients are regularly using SCs, underwent integrated drug detoxification therapies. The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale and a specific visual analogue scale were used to assess opioid withdrawal and craving symptoms over time.