Long-acting injectable antipsychotic use in patients with bipolar disorder: Findings from the REAP-BD study.

Aims: This study aimed to assess treatment patterns and the effectiveness of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) across various Asian countries. The study focused on comparing the choices of LAIs, other psychotropic medications, and their psychotropic drug load to explore real-world usage and evaluate the potential benefits of LAIs in BD treatment across different countries.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with BD patients diagnosed according to ICD-10-CM codes F31.

Sex Differences in Strength During Development: Implications for Inclusivity and Fairness in Sport.

Objectives: Males, on average, are bigger and stronger than females. Hormonal differences during puberty are one reason given for this performance advantage. However, not all evidence supports that thesis.

Random forest model used to predict the medical out-of-pocket costs of hypertensive patients.

Background: Precise prediction of out-of-pocket (OOP) costs to improve health policy design is important for governments of countries with national health insurance. Controlling the medical expenses for hypertension, one of the leading causes of stroke and ischemic heart disease, is an important issue for the Japanese government. This study aims to explore the importance of OOP costs for outpatients with hypertension.

AI, ageing and brain-work productivity: Technological change in professional Japanese chess.

Using Japanese professional chess (Shogi) players' records in the setting where various external factors are controlled in deterministic and finite games, this paper examines how and the extent to which the emergence of technological changes influences the ageing and innate ability of players' winning probability. We gathered games of professional Shogi players from 1968 to 2019, which we divided into three periods: 1968-1989, 1990-2012 (the diffusion of as information and communications technology (ICT)) and 2013-2019 (artificial intelligence (AI)). We found (1) diffusion of AI reduces the impact of innate ability in players performance.

Surname order and revaccination intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Teachers in Japanese schools employ alphabetical surname lists that call students sooner, with surnames appearing early on these lists. We conducted Internet surveys nearly every month from March 2020 to September 2022 with the same participants, wherein we asked participants where the alphabetical columns of their childhood and adult surnames were located. We aimed to identify how surname order is important for the formation of noncognitive skills.

Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Correlates of Lithium Treatment for Bipolar Disorder in Asia.

Background: As clinical practices with lithium salts for patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) are poorly documented in Asia, we studied the prevalence and clinical correlates of lithium use there to support international comparisons.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of use and dosing of lithium salts for BD patients across 13 Asian sites and evaluated bivariate relationships of lithium treatment with clinical correlates followed by multivariate logistic regression modeling.

Results: In a total of 2139 BD participants (52.

Could high continuity of care (COC) have a negative impact on subjective health of hypertensive patients? A Japanese perspective.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and ischemic heart disease attributable to hypertension, are major causes of premature death in Japan and worldwide. Nevertheless, a low rate of blood pressure control among hypertensive patients has been observed in most countries. No previous studies have explored the effectiveness of physician visits among hypertensive patients in Japan.

Gender Differences of the Effect of Vaccination on Perceptions of COVID-19 and Mental Health in Japan.

Vaccination has been promoted to mitigate the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccination is expected to reduce the probability of and alleviate the seriousness of COVID-19 infection. Accordingly, this might significantly change an individual's subjective well-being and mental health.

Association between the COVID-19 Vaccine and Preventive Behaviors: Panel Data Analysis from Japan.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine is key to reducing the probability of contracting COVID-19. The vaccine is generally known to prevent severe illness, death, and hospitalization as a result of the disease and for considerably reduce COVID-19 infection risk. Accordingly, this might significantly change an individual's perceived risk of altering everyday behaviors.

Clozapine Use for Bipolar Disorder: An Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns Consortium Study.

Background: Pharmacoepidemiological studies of clozapine use to treat bipolar disorder (BD), especially in Asia, are rare, although they can provide insights into associated clinical characteristics and support international comparisons of indications and drug dosing.

Methods: We examined the prevalence and clinical correlates of clozapine treatment for BD in 13 Asian countries and regions (China, Hong Kong SAR, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Thailand) within an Asian Prescription Patterns Research Consortium. We compared BD patients treated with clozapine or not in initial bivariate comparisons followed by multivariable logistic regression modeling.

Proselfs depend more on model-based than model-free learning in a non-social probabilistic state-transition task.

Humans form complex societies in which we routinely engage in social decision-making regarding the allocation of resources among ourselves and others. One dimension that characterizes social decision-making in particular is whether to prioritize self-interest or respect for others-proself or prosocial. What causes this individual difference in social value orientation? Recent developments in the social dual-process theory argue that social decision-making is characterized by its underlying domain-general learning systems: the model-free and model-based systems.

Transportation price, product differentiation, and R&D in an oligopoly.

In this article, we construct an international oligopoly that explicitly incorporates transporter behavior. In each country, there is one firm that produces differentiated goods and invests in product-differentiating R&D and one transporter that transports the differentiated goods. We adopt a three-stage game in which the firms decide their R&D investment level to determine the degree of horizontal differentiation, the transporters determine the transportation prices through Cournot competition, and then the firms determine the quantities of production.

Risk factors of hikikomori among office workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective online survey.

The global pandemic of COVID-19 has forced people to restrict their outings. In Japan, self-restraint behavior (SRB) has been requested by the government, and some of those decreasing their outings may shift to pathological social withdrawal; hikikomori. The purpose of this study was to examine the risk factors of hikikomori conducting an online prospective survey.

A Machine-Learning-Algorithm-Based Prediction Model for Psychotic Symptoms in Patients with Depressive Disorder.

Psychotic symptoms are rarely concurrent with the clinical manifestations of depression. Additionally, whether psychotic major depression is a subtype of major depression or a clinical syndrome distinct from non-psychotic major depression remains controversial. Using data from the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns for Antidepressants, we developed a machine-learning-algorithm-based prediction model for concurrent psychotic symptoms in patients with depressive disorders.

Comparison of handgrip strength values in young children when using two different types of dynamometers.

Objective: A Smedley hand dynamometer is one of the standard devices for measuring handgrip strength (HGS) for children and adults. The aim was to compare the HGS values using two different types of dynamometers (Grip-A or Grip-D) in young children. To enable comparison between the two devices, we have redesigned the Grip-D (i.

Justification of Sentencing Decisions: Development of a Ratio-Based Measure Tested on Child Neglect Cases.

Theoretically, people's justification of a sentencing decision involves a hybrid structure comprising retribution, incapacitation, general deterrence, and rehabilitation. In this study, a new ratio-type measure was developed to assess this structure and was tested to detect changes in the weighting of justification according to the content emphasized in a particular crime. Two child neglect scenarios were presented to participants, where they read either a severe-damage scenario (where a single mother's selfish neglect caused her son's death) or a moderate-damage scenario (where a single mother became apathetic due to economic deprivation and caused her child's debilitation).