Accurate birth weight prediction from fetal biometry using the Gompertz model.

Objectives: Monitoring of fetal growth and estimation of birth weight is of clinical importance. During pregnancy, ultrasound fetal biometry values including femur length, head circumference, abdominal circumference, biparietal diameter are measured and used to place fetuses on "growth charts". There is no simple growth-model-based, predictive formula in use for fetal biometry.

Early pregnancy HbA as the first screening test for gestational diabetes: results from three prospective cohorts.

Background: More than 90% of gestational diabetes cases are estimated to occur in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Most current guidelines recommend an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 weeks of gestation. The OGTT is burdensome, especially in LMICs, resulting in a high proportion of women not being screened.

Pathophysiology from preconception, during pregnancy, and beyond.

Gestational diabetes is the most common medical complication in pregnancy. Historically, gestational diabetes was considered a pregnancy complication involving treatment of rising glycaemia late in the second trimester. However, recent evidence challenges this view.

Early Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: An Update.

Hyperglycemia occurring in pregnancy is a growing burden worldwide. It is now standard of care to screen all women during pregnancy, both to detect preexisting diabetes as well as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Traditionally, GDM was diagnosed at 24-28 weeks.

Development of a semi-automated tool to measure fetal abdominal wall thickness during ultrasound at 20 weeks' gestation.

Objectives: To develop a semi-automated tool for measuring fetal abdominal wall thickness (AWT). To validate the software using images captured by other centers and create a nomogram for fetal AWT between 18 and 20 weeks.

Methods: A semiautomated tool that measured AWT was developed using images captured at the routine 20-week morphology scan.

Uptake, Engagement and Acceptance, Barriers and Facilitators of a Text Messaging Intervention for Postnatal Care of Mother and Child in India-A Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.

This study aimed to test the feasibility and to identify barriers and facilitators towards adherence of a text messaging intervention for postnatal care in India. Mixed methods research involving both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. A survey questionnaire for feasibility and focus group interviews to identify the barriers and facilitators to the intervention were conducted.

DNA methylation microarray uncovers a permissive methylome for cardiomyocyte differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells.

Differentiation of Wharton's Jelly-Mesenchymal Stem cells (WJ-MSCs) into cardiomyocytes (CMs) in vitro has been reported widely although contradictions remain regarding the maturation of differentiated MSCs into fully functioning CMs. Studies suggest that use of epigenetic modifiers like 5'Azacytidine (5-AC) in MSCs de-methylates DNA and results in expression of cardiac-specific genes (CSGs). However, only partial expression of the CSG set leads to incomplete differentiation of WJ-MSCs to CMs.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Postpartum Follow-Up Testing: Challenges and Solutions.

One in every 4 pregnancies is affected by hyperglycemia, of which 90% is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Women with GDM are at a high risk of developing both short- and long-term complications. Various studies have shown the heightened risk of type 2 diabetes among women with GDM.

1,5 Anhydroglucitol in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: 1,5 Anhydroglucitol (1,5 AG) is reported to be a more sensitive marker of glucose variability and short-term glycemic control (1-2 weeks) in patients with type1 and type 2 diabetes. However, the role of 1,5 AG in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is not clear. We estimated the serum levels of 1,5 AG in pregnant women with and without GDM.

Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus - relevance to low and middle income countries.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic complications of pregnancy. Ever since the first systematic evaluation of the oral glucose tolerance test by O'Sullivan and colleagues was carried out in 1964, there has been controversy with respect to the optimal screening and diagnostic criteria to detect GDM. The recently proposed International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria for GDM has found fairly widespread acceptance, but it is still debated by several societies.

Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes in Relation to Body Mass Index in Asian Indian Women.

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the weight gain during pregnancy (using Institute of Medicine guidelines) among Asian Indians across different body mass index (BMI) categories (using World Health Organization Asia Pacific BMI cut points) and to compare the pregnancy outcomes in each of the different BMI categories.

Methodology: Retrospective records of 2728 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics and private maternity centers in Chennai, South India, from January 2011 to January 2014 were studied. Pregnancy outcomes were analyzed in relation to BMI and weight gain across different BMI categories.

Elevated glycated hemoglobin predicts macrosomia among Asian Indian pregnant women (WINGS-9).

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) cut point for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to evaluate the usefulness of HbA1c as a prognostic indicator for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: HbA1c estimations were carried out in 1459 pregnant women attending antenatal care centers in urban and rural Tamil Nadu in South India. An oral glucose tolerance test was carried out using 75 g anhydrous glucose, and GDM was diagnosed using the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria.

Association of recently identified type 2 diabetes gene variants with Gestational Diabetes in Asian Indian population.

Earlier studies have provided evidence that the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share common genetic background. A recent genome wide association study (GWAS) showed a strong association of six novel gene variants with T2DM among south Asians but not with Europeans. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these variants that confer susceptibility to T2DM in Asian Indian population also correlate with GDM in Asian Indian population.

Pregnancy outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus using a structured model of care : WINGS project (WINGS-10).

Aim: To evaluate the impact of a structured model of care (MOC) prepared for resource-constrained settings, on the pregnancy outcomes of Asian Indian women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: Pregnant women were screened under the Women in India with GDM Strategy (WINGS) MOC for GDM using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. Women with GDM went through a structured MOC that included medical nutrition therapy (MNT), regular physical activity (PA); and insulin when indicated.

Increased fetal adiposity prior to diagnosis of gestational diabetes in South Asians: more evidence for the 'thin-fat' baby.

Aims/hypothesis: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased future risk of obesity in the offspring. Increased adiposity has been observed in the newborns of women with GDM. Our aim was to examine early fetal adiposity in women with GDM.

Women in India with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Strategy (WINGS): Methodology and development of model of care for gestational diabetes mellitus (WINGS 4).

Aim: The Women In India with GDM Strategy (WINGS) project was conducted with the aim of developing a model of care (MOC) suitable for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in low- and middle-income countries.

Methodology: The WINGS project was carried out in Chennai, Southern India, in two phases. In Phase I, a situational analysis was conducted to understand the practice patterns of health-care professionals and to determine the best screening criteria through a pilot screening study.

Comparison of maternal and fetal outcomes among Asian Indian pregnant women with or without gestational diabetes mellitus: A situational analysis study (WINGS-3).

Aim: To compare the existing maternal and fetal outcomes in Asian Indian women with or without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) before the development of the Women in India with GDM Strategy (WINGS) GDM model of care (MOC).

Materials And Methods: Records of pregnant women were extracted retrospectively from three maternity centers in Chennai. GDM was diagnosed using the International Association for Pregnancy Study Groups criteria or the Carpenter and Coustan criteria.

Glucose tolerance status of Asian Indian women with gestational diabetes at 6weeks to 1year postpartum (WINGS-7).

Aim: To determine postpartum glucose tolerance status among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) recruited under the Women In India with GDM Strategy (WINGS) Model of Care (MOC).

Methods: Through the WINGS MOC programme, 212 women with GDM were followed till delivery between November 2013 and August 2015. All women were advised to return for a postpartum oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 6-12weeks after delivery.

Angiopoietin-2 mediates thrombin-induced monocyte adhesion and endothelial permeability.

Unlabelled: Essentials Mechanism of thrombin-induced inflammation is not fully understood. Thrombin induced monocyte adhesion and barrier loss require Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). Ang-2 mediates vessel leakage and monocyte adhesion through SHP-2/p38MAPK pathway.

Current practices in the diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus in India (WINGS-5).

Aim: To obtain information on existing practices in the diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among physicians/diabetologists/endocrinologists and obstetricians/gynecologists (OB/GYNs) in India.

Methods: Details regarding diagnostic criteria used, screening methods, management strategies, and the postpartum follow-up of GDM were obtained from physicians/diabetologists/endocrinologists and OB/GYNs across 24 states of India using online/in-person surveys using a structured questionnaire.

Results: A total of 3841 doctors participated in the survey of whom 68.

Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in urban and rural Tamil Nadu using IADPSG and WHO 1999 criteria (WINGS 6).

Background: To determine the prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in urban and rural Tamil Nadu in southern India, using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) and the World Health Organization (WHO) 1999 criteria for GDM.

Methods: A total of 2121 pregnant women were screened for GDM from antenatal clinics in government primary health centres of Kancheepuram district ( = 520) and private maternity centres in Chennai city in Tamil Nadu ( = 1601) between January 2013 to December 2014. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were done after an overnight fast of at least 8 h, using a 75 g glucose load and venous samples were drawn at 0, 1 and 2 h.