Identification of an occult recto-prostatic fistula with cystoscopy-assisted air colostogram.

Introduction: Anorectal malformations (ARM) in newborns classically present with the absence of a normal anus or an abnormally located anus. In a male infant with a high ARM, an initial diverting colostomy is later followed by a definitive posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP). Prior to definitive surgery an augmented-pressure colostogram is performed to identify the location of the fistula between the rectum and urogenital tract.

Potentiation of serotonin signaling leads to increased carbohydrate and lipid absorption in the murine small intestine.

Background: Enteric serotonin influences intestinal homeostasis and functions as a mucosal growth factor. Previously, we demonstrated increased mucosal surface area and enhanced crypt cell proliferation in serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT)-deficient mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that serotonin-mediated mucosal growth would also result in enhanced carbohydrate and lipid absorption.

The Limited Utility of Routine Culture in Pediatric Pilonidal, Gluteal, and Perianal Abscesses.

Background: Pilonidal, buttock, and perianal abscesses are common reasons for surgical consultation in the pediatric emergency department. Treatment typically includes a bedside incision and drainage, often followed by an abscess culture, and a course of oral antibiotics. We aimed to study the impact of culture data on changes in management and clinical outcomes.

The 5-HT4 Receptor Agonist Prucalopride Stimulates Mucosal Growth and Enhances Carbohydrate Absorption in the Ileum of the Mouse.

Background: Enteric serotonin may function as a mucosal growth factor. Previous work demonstrated increased crypt cell proliferation and intestinal mucosal surface area with potentiation of serotonin. While an indirect mechanism was postulated to explain these effects, the presence of 5-HT4 receptors on enterocytes raises the possibility of a direct action of serotonin.

Surgical modifications of the Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy minimize invasiveness without compromising short- and medium-term outcomes.

Background: Biliary atresia (BA) causes progressive fibrosis and obliteration of the biliary tree, resulting in bile stasis and eventual liver dysfunction. It affects 1 in 10,000-18,000 infants, and if left untreated, universally leads to liver failure. The Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy (KPE) was developed as an effective surgical therapy for BA and can restore bile drainage into the intestine.