A tripartite circRNA/mRNA/miRNA interaction regulates glutamatergic signaling in the mouse brain.

Functional studies of circular RNAs (circRNAs) began quite recently, and few data exist on their function in vivo. Here, we have generated a knockout (KO) mouse model to study circDlc1(2), a circRNA highly expressed in the prefrontal cortex and striatum. The loss of circDlc1(2) led to the upregulation of glutamatergic-response-associated genes in the striatal tissue, enhanced excitatory synaptic transmission in neuronal cultures, and hyperactivity and increased stereotypies in mice.

Differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis: considerations in people from minority ethnic and racial backgrounds in North America, northern Europe, and Australasia.

The differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis has been developed using data from North America, northern Europe, and Australasia, with a focus on White populations. People from minority ethnic and racial backgrounds in regions where prevalence of multiple sclerosis is high are more often negatively affected by social determinants of health, compared with White people in these regions. A better understanding of changing demographics, the clinical characteristics of people from minority ethnic or racial backgrounds, and the social challenges they face might facilitate equitable clinical approaches when considering a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

WONOEP appraisal: Genetic insights into early onset epilepsies.

Early onset epilepsies occur in newborns and infants, and to date, genetic aberrations and variants have been identified in approximately one quarter of all patients. With technological sequencing advances and ongoing research, the genetic diagnostic yield for specific seizure disorders and epilepsies is expected to increase. Genetic variants associated with epilepsy include chromosomal abnormalities and rearrangements of various sizes as well as single gene variants.

A guided single session intervention to reduce intrusive memories of work-related trauma: a randomised controlled trial with healthcare workers in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Intrusive memories of psychologically traumatic events bring distress both sub-clinically and clinically. This parallel-group, two-arm randomised controlled trial evaluated the effect of a brief behavioural intervention on reducing intrusive memories in frontline healthcare workers exposed to traumatic events during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Participants with at least two intrusive memories of work-related trauma in the week before recruitment were randomised 1:1 to an imagery-competing task intervention (n = 73) or attention-based control task (n = 71).

Two sides of the same coin? What neural processing of emotion and rewards can tell us about complex post-traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder.

Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (cPTSD) share clinical similarities, complicating diagnosis and treatment. Research on the neurobiology of BPD and monotraumatic PTSD has shown that a prefrontal-limbic imbalance in emotional and reward processing is a hallmark of both disorders, but studies examining this network in cPTSD are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to directly compare neural processing of emotion and reward during decision making in cPTSD and BPD.

A roadmap for SHANK3-related Epilepsy Research: recommendations from the 2023 strategic planning workshop.

On September 27, 2023, the CureSHANK nonprofit foundation sponsored a conference in Boston, Massachusetts, to identify gaps in knowledge surrounding SHANK3-related epilepsy with the goal of determining future research priorities and recommendations. In addition to patient families and members of the CureSHANK community, participants in the conference included a broad cross-section of preclinical and clinical researchers and clinicians with expertise in SHANK3-related epilepsy as well as representatives from the pharmaceutical industry. Here we summarize the outcomes from comprehensive premeeting deliberations and the final conference recommendations, including (1) gaps in knowledge related to clinical science, (2) gaps in knowledge related to preclinical science, and (3) research priorities moving forward.

Special Section Guest Editorial: Exploiting Complex Media Photonics to Illuminate Brain's Hidden Depth.

The editorial introduces the Neurophotonics Special Issue "Complex Media NeuroPhotonics," highlighting featured articles.

Calorie restriction increases the sensitivity of progeroid Ercc1 mice to acute (neuro)inflammation.

Hospitalized elderly patients frequently suffer from delirium, especially in the context of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Current treatments of delirium are merely symptomatic. Calorie restriction (CR) is both a promising strategy to protect against sepsis and has beneficial effects on aging-induced neurodegeneration.

Neuroanatomical changes observed over the course of a human pregnancy.

Pregnancy is a period of profound hormonal and physiological changes experienced by millions of women annually, yet the neural changes unfolding in the maternal brain throughout gestation are not well studied in humans. Leveraging precision imaging, we mapped neuroanatomical changes in an individual from preconception through 2 years postpartum. Pronounced decreases in gray matter volume and cortical thickness were evident across the brain, standing in contrast to increases in white matter microstructural integrity, ventricle volume and cerebrospinal fluid, with few regions untouched by the transition to motherhood.

Contributions of mirror-image hair cell orientation to mouse otolith organ and zebrafish neuromast function.

Otolith organs in the inner ear and neuromasts in the fish lateral-line harbor two populations of hair cells oriented to detect stimuli in opposing directions. The underlying mechanism is highly conserved: the transcription factor EMX2 is regionally expressed in just one hair cell population and acts through the receptor GPR156 to reverse cell orientation relative to the other population. In mouse and zebrafish, loss of Emx2 results in sensory organs that harbor only one hair cell orientation and are not innervated properly.

Global Presence and Penetrance of -Related Disorder.

Objectives: To highlight the worldwide presence of -related disorder (-RD), discuss its penetrance, and provide the first haplotype analysis.

Methods: Data on patients worldwide were collected, including demographics, genotype, family history, and clinical status. For haplotype analysis, polymorphisms of short tandem repeats in 3 distinct families with p.

EEG Techniques with Brain Activity Localization, Specifically LORETA, and Its Applicability in Monitoring Schizophrenia.

: Electroencephalography (EEG) is considered a standard but powerful tool for the diagnosis of neurological and psychiatric diseases. With modern imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and magnetoencephalography (MEG), source localization can be improved, especially with low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). The aim of this review is to explore the variety of modern techniques with emphasis on the efficacy of LORETA in detecting brain activity patterns in schizophrenia.

Two different visual stimuli that cause axial eye shortening have no additive effect.

Previous studies identified two visual stimuli that can shorten the human eye by thickening the choroid after short-term visual stimulation, potentially inhibiting myopia: (1) watching digitally filtered movies where the red plane has full spatial resolution while green and blue are low-pass filtered according to the human longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) function (the "red in focus" filter), and (2) reading text with inverted contrast. This study aimed to determine whether combining these two stimuli would have an additive effect on axial length. Twenty-two emmetropic subjects were recruited to read text (standard and inverted contrast) for 30 min from a large screen, 2 m away, either unfiltered or filtered with the "red in focus" filter.

Clinical and Neuropathological Correlates of Substance Use in American Football Players.

Background: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy more frequently found in deceased former football players. CTE has heterogeneous clinical presentations with multifactorial causes. Previous literature has shown substance use (alcohol/drug) can contribute to Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies pathologically and clinically.

Personal Psychedelic Experience as a Training Qualification for Facilitators: A Thematic Analysis of Qualitative Interviews with Psilocybin Experts.

Emerging legal frameworks in Oregon and Colorado license facilitators to support adults receiving psychedelic services. The current legal frameworks are silent regarding facilitators' personal experience with psychedelics. An e-Delphi process recruited 36 experts with at least 5 years' experience facilitating psilocybin experiences in ceremonial settings, indigenous practices, or clinical trials.

Le Petit Prince Hong Kong (LPPHK): Naturalistic fMRI and EEG data from older Cantonese speakers.

Currently, the field of neurobiology of language is based on data from only a few Indo-European languages. The majority of this data comes from younger adults neglecting other age groups. Here we present a multimodal database which consists of task-based and resting state fMRI, structural MRI, and EEG data while participants over 65 years old listened to sections of the story The Little Prince in Cantonese.