Examining the impact of androgen deprivation therapy, masculine self-esteem, and psychological flexibility on distress and quality of life in men with prostate cancer.

Objective: Studies suggest that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) exacerbates psychological and quality of life (QoL) issues associated with prostate cancer (PCa). However, quantitative research examining underlying psychosocial mechanisms for this is limited. We examined the association of PCa symptoms with distress and QoL in ADT-treated and ADT-naïve patients, and the influence of masculine self-esteem and psychological flexibility (PF) on these relationships.

Facilitators and Barriers to the Implementation of a School-Based Intervention for Anxiety.

School-based cognitive behavioural interventions for anxiety are found to be effective, but there is a lack of research on their implementation in real world settings. The current study aims to explore the facilitators and barriers to the implementation of a school-based intervention for anxiety through a qualitative process evaluation. Evaluation of the implementation of Let's Introduce Anxiety Management (LIAM), a six-session school-based cognitive behavioural intervention, was conducted.

Association of mental health and negative life events with weight change in patients with overweight: A cohort study.

Background: It is unclear to what extent mental health and negative life events (NLEs) contribute to weight change in patients with overweight. This study aimed to evaluate the association of anxiety, depression, NLEs and quality of life (QoL) with weight change over ten years in middle-aged individuals with overweight.

Methods: Population-based cohort study of 2889 middle-aged men and women with a body mass index ≥27 kg/m.

Metacognitive training for negative symptoms: Support for the cognitive model.

Developing effective treatment options for negative symptoms of psychotic disorders remains a major unmet treatment need and area for further research. In a recent uncontrolled study by the main author, Metacognition Training (MCT) for negative symptoms was found to lead to fewer negative symptoms, less stigma and increased self-rated reflective ability. As the analysis examined negative symptoms as a whole, we here performed an additional analysis on individual negative symptom items as recent research has suggested that negative symptoms are best conceptualized through a five-factor model.

Metacognitive training modified for negative symptoms: A feasibility study.

Objective: Although patients often prioritize the treatment of negative symptoms, few psychological interventions targeting negative symptoms exist. This study attempts to fill this gap by piloting a modified metacognitive training programme, specifically targeted at negative symptoms (MCT-N), with a group of patients with prominent negative symptoms.

Method: We adopted a mixed methods case series design, providing detailed quantitative data on changes over time, to focus on potential mechanisms underlying the intervention, in combination with qualitative interviews.

Covid-19, Lockdown and Self-Isolation: Evaluation of Deliberate Self-Harm Admissions.

COVID 19 is still presenting a clear and dynamic global threat. The United Kingdom remains one of the hardest hit countries from the pandemic. In January 2021 parliament announced that the UK will be entering a full national lockdown.

Influences on understanding of a verbally presented police caution amongst adults involved in the criminal justice system: a systematic review.

This review systematically examines the literature exploring comprehension of a verbally presented police caution and the suggested factors influencing this, amongst adults within the criminal justice system. An electronic literature search returned 438 titles, with screening leaving 13 articles considered appropriate for the review question. The majority of these were USA studies, with two UK and two Canadian studies.

The Scottish police caution: do individuals with intellectual disabilities understand a verbally presented police caution, and can comprehension be improved?

This study considers comprehension of the Scottish police caution amongst people with an intellectual disability ( = 30). It applies techniques to the caution that are suggested to increase its 'listenability', to examine whether this could be a successful method of improving understanding. These techniques include providing instructions, further explanations and listing information.

Investigating the role of psychological flexibility, masculine self-esteem and stoicism as predictors of psychological distress and quality of life in men living with prostate cancer.

Objective: This study examined the predictive power of psychological flexibility, masculine self-esteem and stoicism in influencing psychological distress and quality of life in men diagnosed with prostate cancer. It explores relationships between these theorised predictors and prostate cancer physical symptoms, an established predictor of psychological distress and reduced quality of life.

Method: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was undertaken with 286 men previously diagnosed with prostate cancer.

Suggestibility and signal detection performance in hallucination-prone students.

Introduction: Auditory hallucinations are associated with signal detection biases. We examine the extent to which suggestions influence performance on a signal detection task (SDT) in highly hallucination-prone and low hallucination-prone students. We also explore the relationship between trait suggestibility, dissociation and hallucination proneness.

The dynamics of attachment insecurity and paranoid thoughts: An experience sampling study.

It has been proposed that insecure attachment can have adverse effects on the course of psychosis once symptoms have emerged. There is longitudinal evidence that increased insecure attachment is associated with increased severity of psychotic symptoms. The present study examined whether in the flow of daily life attachment insecurity fluctuates, whether elevated stress precedes the occurrence of attachment insecurity, and whether elevated attachment insecurity precedes the occurrence of paranoia.

A Prototypicality Validation of the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP) Model Spanish Version.

The Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP) is a newly developed, lexically based, conceptual model of psychopathy. The content validity of the Spanish language CAPP model was evaluated using prototypicality analysis. Prototypicality ratings were collected from 187 mental health experts and from samples of 143 health professionals and 282 community residents.

Cross-language consistency of the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP) model.

This study is the first to our knowledge to examine the cross-language consistency across the original version of the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathy (CAPP) and a translated version. The CAPP is a lexically based construct map of psychopathy comprising 33 symptoms from 6 broad domains of personality functioning. English-language CAPP prototypicality ratings from 124 mental health workers were compared with ratings from 211 Norwegian mental health workers using the Norwegian translation.

Attitudes to ageing and expectations for filial piety across Chinese and British cultures: a pilot exploratory evaluation.

Introduction: Filial piety (FP) is a central theme in Asian culture and is seen as care for one's parents as part of a traditional concept of Confucianism. Older people may hold strong expectations for FP from their children. Attitudes towards the experience of ageing may be influenced by how far one perceives their expectations to be met.

Low goal ownership predicts drop-out from a weight intervention study in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Drop-out is a major problem in weight loss studies. Although previous attrition research has examined some predictors of drop-out, theoretically grounded research on psychological predictors of drop-out from weight interventions has been lacking.

Purpose: To examine psychological predictors of drop-out from a weight reduction study in diabetes type 2 patients.

A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression.

Objectives: This study provides an empirical evaluation of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) alone vs Treatment as usual (TAU) alone (generally pharmacotherapy) for late life depression in a UK primary care setting.

Method: General Practitioners in Fife and Glasgow referred 114 Participants to the study with 44 meeting inclusion criteria and 40 participants providing data that permitted analysis. All participants had a diagnosis of mild to moderate Major Depressive Episode.

Trauma and medically unexplained symptoms towards an integration of cognitive and neuro-biological accounts.

Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are frequently associated with a history of traumatization. The first purpose of the present review paper was to investigate systematically the evidence for such relation in a subset of clinical samples with MUS presenting with functional somatization: chronic pelvic pain, irritable bowel syndrome and conversion and somatization disorder. The second purpose was to critically review three dominant models explaining the relation between trauma and MUS (i.

The multistory self: why the self is more than the sum of its autoparts.

A summary is presented of both the theoretical and clinical points made by the contributors to this issue of Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session on the multiplicity of self. It is argued that there are many theoretical and clinical commonalities in the diverse range of psychotherapies that have been developed and that have been used in work with problems in the self-concept. Core problems encountered in clinical practice include an apparent self-integration that is attained through the exclusion of important parts of the self.

Neural correlates of enhanced working-memory performance in dissociative disorder: a functional MRI study.

Background: Memory functioning has been highlighted as a central issue in pathological dissociation. In non-pathological dissociation, evidence for enhanced working memory has been found, together with greater task-load related activity. So far, no imaging studies have investigated working memory in dissociative patients.

Condom use at first intercourse with a new partner in female adolescents and young adults: the role of cognitive planning and motives for having sex.

This study examined the extent to which cognitive planning and motives for sex can explain condom use at first intercourse with young females' most recent partner. A total of 133 female adolescents completed a questionnaire on cognitive planning (i.e.

Explaining medically unexplained symptoms: toward a multidimensional, theory-based approach to somatization.

In spite of the apparent clinical importance of somatization, the concept does not have a single meaning. The focus of the present article is therefore not on scrutinizing existing diagnostic categories but rather on the different dimensions that relate to somatization and on the relevance of psychological models such as social learning theory, stress coping, illness cognition, and self-regulation models for explaining more carefully the predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors of (different types of) somatization. This combined approach could lead to the definition of more homogeneous and, therefore, clinically more meaningful subgroups of somatization.

Development of the WHOQOL-old module.

This paper describes the development of an add-on module for the WHOQOL measures of quality of life (QoL) for use with older adults. The add-on module, known as the WHOQOL-OLD, was derived following standard WHOQOL methodology. In the pilot phase of the study, 22 centres from around the world carried out focus groups with older adults, with carers, and with professionals working with older adults in order to identify gaps in the coverage of the WHOQOL-100 that were relevant for QoL in older adults.

Psychological approaches to bipolar disorders: a theoretical critique.

An outline is presented of five main psychological models of the bipolar disorders. These approaches include the Behavioural Activation/Inhibition Systems model, the Cognitive Therapy model, the Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy model, the Interacting Cognitive Subsystems model, and the SPAARS model. Strengths and weaknesses are highlighted for each approach.

The impact of early trauma and recent life-events on symptom severity in patients with conversion disorder.

Although the presence of psychological stress factors in the evolution of conversion symptoms forms an important criterion for the DSM-IV diagnosis of conversion disorder, little is known about the nature and timing of these stress factors. Fifty-four patients with conversion disorder and 50 control patients with an affective disorder were screened for life events experienced in the year before the symptom onset. Conversion patients did not differ from control patients in the number or severity of life events, but showed a significant relation between the recent life events and the severity of conversion symptoms.

Premorbid intelligence and brain injury.

Objectives: To determine whether NART scores are associated with severity of brain injury and therefore presumably affected by brain injury. In addition, to compare the Cambridge Contextual Reading Test (CCRT) with injury severity in head-injured individuals.

Design And Methods: Participants were 55 survivors of traumatic head injury, who completed the NART and the CCRT.