Seeing through "brain fog": neuroimaging assessment and imaging biomarkers for cancer-related cognitive impairments.

Advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment have substantially improved patient outcomes and survival in recent years. However, up to 75% of cancer patients and survivors, including those with non-central nervous system (non-CNS) cancers, suffer from "brain fog" or impairments in cognitive functions such as attention, memory, learning, and decision-making. While we recognize the impact of cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), we have not fully investigated and understood the causes, mechanisms and interplays of various involving factors.

A Mesenteric Fat-Derived Radiomic Model to Identify Colonic Fibrosis and Predict Treatment Response to Biologics in Chronic Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: Evidence suggested the lesion of ulcerative colitis stretches beyond mucosa. The application of radiomics on ulcerative colitis fibrosis is unclear.

Objective: We aimed to characterize the colonic fibrosis and treatment response to biologics in chronic ulcerative colitis using radiomic features extracted from bowel wall and mesenteric adipose tissue.

Seeing Beyond the Surface: Superior Performance of Ultrasound Elastography over Milan Ultrasound Criteria in Distinguishing Fibrosis of Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: Colonic fibrosis has important clinical implications in ulcerative colitis [UC]. Ultrasound imaging has emerged as a convenient and reliable tool in diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed to explore the potential use of ultrasound to evaluate UC fibrosis.

Research progress on intestinal tissue-resident memory T cells in inflammatory bowel disease.

Tissue-resident memory T (T) cells are a recently discovered subpopulation of memory T cells that reside in non-lymphoid tissues such as the intestine and skin and do not enter the bloodstream. The intestine encounters numerous pathogens daily. Intestinal mucosal immunity requires a balance between immune responses to pathogens and tolerance to food antigens and symbiotic microbiota.

Trans-ethnic Mendelian randomization study of systemic lupus erythematosus and common female hormone-dependent malignancies.

Background: Observational research has reported that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is related to common female hormone-dependent cancers, but the underlying causal effect remains undefined. This study aimed to explore the causal association of these conditions by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods: We selected instrumental variables for SLE from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) conducted in European and East Asian populations.

Immuno-PET imaging of PD-L1 expression in patient-derived lung cancer xenografts with [Ga]Ga-NOTA-Nb109.

Background: Accurate evaluation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels in cancer patients may be useful in the identification of potential candidates for anti-programmed death-1/PD-L1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint therapy to improve the response rate of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. This study evaluated the feasibility of the nanobody-based positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [Ga]Ga-NOTA-Nb109 for immuno-PET imaging of PD-L1 in lung cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX).

Methods: We constructed 2 PDXs of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and used them for immuno-PET imaging.

Effect of Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker on Mortality of Hypertension Patients With Moderate-Severe Pulmonary Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.

Unlabelled: The aim was to evaluate the effect of dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker on the prognosis for moderate-severe pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome in hypertension patients.

Design: A retrospective, observational, multicenter cohort study.

Setting: A total of 307 patients without propensity score matching and 186 adult inpatients with propensity score matching diagnosed with hypertension and moderate-severe pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome in five teaching hospitals in Jiangsu province, China, from December 2015 to December 2020 were enrolled.

Chiglitazar monotherapy with sitagliptin as an active comparator in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial (CMAS).

Chiglitazar (Carfloglitazar) is a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pan-agonist that has shown promising effects on glycemic control and lipid regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this randomized phase 3 trial, we compared the efficacy and safety of chiglitazar with sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes who had insufficient glycemic control despite a strict diet and exercise regimen. Eligible patients were randomized (1:1:1) to receive chiglitazar 32 mg (n = 245), chiglitazar 48 mg (n = 246), or sitagliptin 100 mg (n = 248) once daily for 24 weeks.

NDRG2 attenuates ischemia-induced astrocyte necroptosis via the repression of RIPK1.

Cerebral ischemia results in severe brain damage, and is a leading cause of death and long-term disability. Previous studies have investigated methods to activate astrocytes in order to promote repair in injured brain tissue and inhibit cell death. It has previously been shown that N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) was highly expressed in astrocytes and associated with cell activity, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown.

Marked thickening of muscularis mucosae and submucosa in the gastric cardia: A histopathological study of 110 surgical resection cases.

Objective: To investigate histopathologic changes of muscularis mucosae (MM) and submucosa in the gastric cardia.

Methods: We performed a histopathology study of 50 distal esophagectomies with proximal gastrectomies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma as the study (non-cancerous cardiac) group and 60 gastrectomies for early gastric cardiac carcinoma as the cancer group. The gastroesophageal junction was defined as the distal end of squamous epithelium, multilayered epithelium, or deep esophageal glands or ducts.

Silencing of PRDM5 increases cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis in glioma.

Aim: PR-domain-containing 5 (PRDM5), a family member of PR-domain-containing zinc finger genes, has been reported to participate in modulate cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. It has also been found to function as a putative tumor suppressor in different types of cancer. The present study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to report on the clinical significance of the expression of PRDM5 in glioma cell line.

[Analysis of RUNX1 Gene Mutation in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the mutation of RUNX1 gene in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and its correlation with other gene mutations and some clinical parameters.

Methods: The mutations of RUNX1, DNMT3A, TET2, IDH1/2, NPM1, FLT3-ITD and C-KIT in 170 patients with MDS were detected by direct and indirect sequencing of genomic DNA-PCR amplification products.

Results: The RUNX1 mutation was found in 23 patients (13.

Microsurgical treatment of cervical spinal hemangioblastoma.

Background: Hemangioblastoma is a rare intracranial vascular tumor, mostly found in the cerebellum. Cervical spinal hemangioblastoma (CSHB) has rarely been reported, and microsurgical treatment even less.

Objective: To present our experience with CSHB and conduct a literature review, in order to provide a systematic approach to diagnosis and microsurgical treatment.

Structure-based virtual screening and biological evaluation of novel non-bisphosphonate farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitors.

Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) is known to participate in a variety of disease-related cell signaling pathway and bisphosphonates (BPs) are served as FPPS inhibitors. However, the high polarity of BPs often induces a series of side effects, limiting their applications. In the present study, novel non-BP FPPS inhibitors were discovered by in silico screening and experimental validation.

Preparation and anti-Raji lymphoma efficacy of a novel pH sensitive and magnetic targeting nanoparticles drug delivery system.

Background: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous class of cancers that arises in lymph nodes or other lymphatic tissues, which causes many deaths worldwide and its incidence is increasing.

Methods: In this study, a pH-responsive DMSA-FeO magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) covalently connect with ADM and AsO as a drug delivery system was invented to discuss the anticancer efficacy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cell line--Raji.

Results: Detailedly, according to the chelation of ADM and Fe, the release rate of ADM was accelerated in acidic environment, and slowed down/blocked in neutral environment.

Tumor Budding and Other Risk Factors of Lymph Node Metastasis in Submucosal Early Gastric Carcinoma: A Multicenter Clinicopathologic Study in 621 Radical Gastrectomies of Chinese Patients.

Compared with early gastric intramucosal carcinoma, submucosal carcinoma is known to have a higher risk for lymph node metastasis (LMN), but risk factors in submucosal carcinoma remain elusive. In this multicenter study with 621 radical gastrectomies for submucosal early gastric carcinoma, we investigated tumor budding and other risk factors of LMN that were identified in 172 cases (27.7%).

A non-autonomous role of MKL1 in the activation of hepatic stellate cells.

Although hepatic stellate cells (HSC) represent the major source of fibrogenesis in the liver under various pathological conditions, other cell types including hepatic parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) also contribute to HSC activation and hence liver fibrosis. The underlying mechanism, however, is poorly defined. Here we report that hepatocytes exposed to high concentrations of glucose (HG) emit a pro-fibrogenic cue as evidenced by the observation that primary HSCs cultured in conditioned media (CM) collected from hepatocytes exposed to HG up-regulated the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins compared to CM collected from hepatocytes exposed to low glucose.

[Characteristics of a patient with myeloid neoplasm and co-existence of t(7;11)(p15;p15) and t(5;12)(q33;p13) translocations].

Objective: To delineate the clinical and molecular characteristics of a patient with myeloid neoplasm and co-existence of t(7;11)(p15;p15) and t(5;12)(q33;p13) translocations.

Methods: Clinical data of the patient was collected. Conventional karyotyping, reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and next generation sequencing (NGS) were carried out to delineate its genetic features.

Dual-response CuS@MnO nanoparticles with activatable CT/MR-enhanced imaging guided photothermal therapy.

Although photothermal therapy (PTT) has been extensively applied in the treatment of cancer using various types of nanomaterials, low penetration of excitation light, low nanoparticle concentration enrichment and abominable nanoparticle permeation still remain huge obstacles in cancer therapy. Herein, we synthesized stable cupric sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) with small size, which after functionalization with a MnO coating, were employed for diagnosing and treating tumors. After reacting with an RGD peptide, the nanoparticles were able to target and focus on tumor sites.

Association between matrix-metalloproteinase polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

Background: Data from published articles on the relationship between MMP polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk are conflicted and inconclusive, so a meta-analysis and systematic review were performed to assess the relationship.

Methods: Relevant research articles were identified from databases using a search strategy. Studies with the same MMP polymorphisms that could be quantitatively synthesized were included in the meta-analysis.

[Relationship between the FSHR Thr307Ala-Asn680Ser gene polymorphism and male infertility: A meta-analysis].

Objective: To assess the association of the FSHR Thr307Ala-Asn680Ser gene polymorphism with male infertility.

Methods: We searched Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, and WANFANG databases for literature on the correlation of the FSHR Thr307Ala-Asn680Ser gene polymorphism with male infertility published from 2005 to the present time. According to the inclusion criteria, we included 12 epidemiological case-control studies and subjected them to a comprehensive analysis with the Stata11.

Decreased miR-320 expression is associated with breast cancer progression, cell migration, and invasiveness via targeting Aquaporin 1.

Our previous studies have demonstrated that Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is overexpressed in breast cancer. However, the mechanism remains elusive. MicroRNA 320 (miR-320) downregulation has been reported in various types of cancers, and it may regulate AQP1 expression.