A nomogram to distinguish noncardiac chest pain based on cardiopulmonary exercise testing in cardiology clinic.

Background: Psychological disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are considered to be one of the causes of noncardiac chest pain (NCCP). And these patients can be challenging to differentiate from coronary artery disease (CAD), leading to a considerable number of patients still undergoing angiography. We aim to develop a practical prediction model and nomogram using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), to help identify these patients.

Inhibition of CSPG-PTPσ Activates Autophagy Flux and Lysosome Fusion, Aids Axon and Synaptic Reorganization in Spinal Cord Injury.

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and proteoglycan receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ) play a critical role in the pathology of spinal cord injury (SCI). CSPGs can be induced by autophagy inhibition in astrocyte. However, CSPG's impact on autophagy and its role in SCI is still unknown.

A deep learning-based calculation system for plaque stenosis severity on common carotid artery of ultrasound images.

Objectives: Assessment of plaque stenosis severity allows better management of carotid source of stroke. Our objective is to create a deep learning (DL) model to segment carotid intima-media thickness and plaque and further automatically calculate plaque stenosis severity on common carotid artery (CCA) transverse section ultrasound images.

Methods: Three hundred and ninety images from 376 individuals were used to train (235/390, 60%), validate (39/390, 10%), and test (116/390, 30%) on a newly proposed CANet model.

Multi-modality deep learning model reaches high prediction accuracy in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

We evaluated the diagnostic performance of a multimodal deep-learning (DL) model for ovarian mass differential diagnosis. This single-center retrospective study included 1,054 ultrasound (US)-detected ovarian tumors (699 benign and 355 malignant). Patients were randomly divided into training (n = 675), validation (n = 169), and testing (n = 210) sets.

Second Near-Infrared Macrophage-Biomimetic Nanoprobes for Photoacoustic Imaging of Neuroinflammation.

Neuroinflammation is a significant pathological event involving the neurodegenerative process associated with many neurological disorders. Diagnosis and treatment of neuroinflammation in its early stage are essential for the prevention and management of neurological diseases. Herein, we designed macrophage membrane-coated photoacoustic (PA) probes (MSINPs), with targeting specificities based on naturally existing target-ligand interactions for the early diagnosis of neuroinflammation.

Relief of tumor hypoxia using a nanoenzyme amplifies NIR-II photoacoustic-guided photothermal therapy.

Hypoxia is a critical tumor microenvironment (TME) component. It significantly impacts tumor growth and metastasis and is known to be a major obstacle for cancer therapy. Integrating hypoxia modulation with imaging-based monitoring represents a promising strategy that holds the potential for enhancing tumor theranostics.

Human papillomavirus infection affects treatment outcomes and the immune microenvironment in patients with advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma receiving programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor-based combination therapy.

Background: Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated malignancy. Immunotherapy is emerging as a potential treatment for advanced PSCC. In this study, the authors analyzed the association of HPV status with outcomes and the immune microenvironment in patients with advanced PSCC undergoing programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) inhibitor-based combination therapy (PCT).

Characteristics and Correlations of Wall Shear Stress and Flow Turbulence in the Carotid Bifurcation Evaluated Using an Ultrasound Vector Flow Imaging.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate characteristics and provide the normal values of wall shear stress (WSS) and flow turbulence (Tur), and the relationship between them in the carotid bifurcation based on an ultrasound vector flow imaging (V Flow) in healthy adults.

Methods: Max and mean WSS and Tur values at three segments (initial segments of internal and external carotid arteries [IICA and IECA]; distal segment of common carotid artery [DCCA]), both in anterior and posterior walls, were successfully obtained in 56 healthy adults, using ultrasound V Flow function. Relationship between mean WSS and Tur was further explored.

Appendicitis in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography.

Objectives: The accuracy of ultrasound in the detection of appendicitis in pregnant women was examined in a meta-analysis.

Methods: Pregnant women with suspected acute appendicitis were evaluated using ultrasound in a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from January 1, 2011 to August 10, 2023. The sensitivity and specificity values and diagnostic odds ratios were obtained using the pooled data.

The effect of image resolution on convolutional neural networks in breast ultrasound.

Purpose: The objective of this research was to investigate the efficacy of various parameter combinations of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) models, namely MobileNet and DenseNet121, and different input image resolutions (REZs) ranging from 64×64 to 512×512 pixels, for diagnosing breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: During the period of June 2015 to November 2020, two hospitals were involved in the collection of two-dimensional ultrasound breast images for this retrospective multicenter study. The diagnostic performance of the computer models MobileNet and DenseNet 121 was compared at different resolutions.

New insights into the mechanisms of diabetic kidney disease: Role of circadian rhythm and Bmal1.

It is common for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) to be complicated by abnormal blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure rhythms. Thus, it is essential to examine diagnostic and treatment plans from the perspective of circadian disruption. This brief review discusses the clinical relevance of circadian rhythms in DKD and how the core clock gene encoding brain and muscle arnt-like protein 1 (BMAL1) functions owing to the importance of circadian rhythm disruption processes, including the excretion of urinary protein and irregular blood pressure, which occur in DKD.

[Analysis of copy number variation in AZF region of Y chromosome in patients with spermatogenic failure].

Objective: To explore the characteristics of copy number variation (CNV) within the Y chromosome azoospermia factor (AZF) region in patients with spermatogenesis disorders in the Shenzhen area.

Methods: A total of 123 patients with spermatogenesis disorders who had visited Shenzhen People's Hospital from January 2016 to October 2022 (including 73 patients with azoospermia and 50 patients with oligozoospermia) and 100 normal semen males were selected as the study subjects. The AZF region was detected with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and the correlation between the CNV in the AZF region and spermatogenesis disorders was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.

Handheld photoacoustic imaging of indocyanine green clearance for real-time quantitative evaluation of liver reserve function.

Preoperative assessment of liver function reserve (LFR) is essential for determining the extent of liver resection and predicting the prognosis of patients with liver disease. In this paper, we present a real-time, handheld photoacoustic imaging (PAI) system-based noninvasive approach for rapid LFR assessment. A linear-array ultrasound transducer was sealed in a housing filled with water; its front end was covered with a plastic wrap.

Head-to-head comparison of perfluorobutane contrast-enhanced US and multiparametric MRI for breast cancer: a prospective, multicenter study.

Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) has high sensitivity for diagnosing breast cancers but cannot always be used as a routine diagnostic tool. The present study aimed to evaluate whether the diagnostic performance of perfluorobutane (PFB) contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is similar to that of MP-MRI in breast cancer and whether combining the two methods would enhance diagnostic efficiency.

Patients And Methods: This was a head-to-head, prospective, multicenter study.

Docetaxel suppressed cell proliferation through Smad3/HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis in prostate cancer cells.

Background: Tumor glycolysis is a critical event for tumor progression. Docetaxel is widely used as a first-line drug for chemotherapy and shown to have a survival advantage. However, the role of docetaxel in tumor glycolysis remained poorly understood.

RATING: Medical knowledge-guided rheumatoid arthritis assessment from multimodal ultrasound images via deep learning.

Multimodal ultrasound has demonstrated its power in the clinical assessment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, for radiologists, it requires strong experience. In this paper, we propose a rheumatoid arthritis knowledge guided (RATING) system that automatically scores the RA activity and generates interpretable features to assist radiologists' decision-making based on deep learning.

Photoacoustic image-guided biomimetic nanoparticles targeting rheumatoid arthritis.

The high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) microenvironment (RAM) and its persistent inflammatory nature can promote damage to joints, bones, and the synovium. Targeting strategies that integrate effective RAM regulation with imaging-based monitoring could lead to improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of RA. Here, we report the combined use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) to silence the expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α/IL-6 and scavenge the ROS associated with RAM.

Spontaneous internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm complicated with ischemic stroke in a young man: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Carotid artery pseudoaneurysm (PSA) is infrequently encountered in clinical settings. Internal carotid artery (ICA) PSA complicated with ischemic stroke is rare. PSAs are typically caused by iatrogenic injury, trauma, or infection.

A Comparative Study of Multiple Deep Learning Models Based on Multi-Input Resolution for Breast Ultrasound Images.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the performance of different parameter combinations of deep learning (DL) models (Xception, DenseNet121, MobileNet, ResNet50 and EfficientNetB0) and input image resolutions (REZs) (224 × 224, 320 × 320 and 488 × 488 pixels) for breast cancer diagnosis.

Methods: This multicenter study retrospectively studied gray-scale ultrasound breast images enrolled from two Chinese hospitals. The data are divided into training, validation, internal testing and external testing set.

Evaluation of the Transverse Carpal Ligament in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome by Shear Wave Elastography: A Non-Invasive Approach of Diagnosis and Management.

Objectives: The goal of this work is to determine the clinical value of the transverse carpal ligament (TCL) in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) for guiding subsequent treatment.

Methods: This study analyzed patients who underwent median nerve (MN) ultrasound (US) examination of the wrist from April 2020 to April 2021. The cross-sectional area and anteroposterior diameter of the MN, as well as the TCL thickness and stiffness, were measured from images.

Assessment of elastographic Q-analysis score combined with Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) based on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)/multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) fusion-guided biopsy in differentiating benign and malignant prostate.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has advantages in the diagnosis of prostate diseases, but there is also overdiagnosis. We compensate for this with fusion imaging and elastography. In this study, we want to evaluate Elastographic Q-analysis score (EQS) combined with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS), based on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)/multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) fusion biopsy in differentiating benign and malignant prostate lesions.

MRI/Transrectal Ultrasound Fusion-Guided Targeted Biopsy and Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Systematic Biopsy for Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: For men suspected of having prostate cancer (PCa), the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided systematic biopsy (SB) was performed. MRI/TRUS fusion guided-targeted biopsy (MRI-TB) could enhance PCa detection, allowing sampling of sites at higher risk which were not obvious with TRUS alone. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the detection rates of prostate cancer by MRI-TB or MRI-TB plus SB versus SB, mainly for diagnosis of high-risk PCa.

A Positive Feedback Loop between Inactive VHL-Triggered Histone Lactylation and PDGFRβ Signaling Drives Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression.

Inactive von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is linked to metabolic reprogramming and plays pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Here, we identify a previously unknown oncogenic role for inactive VHL in actively triggering histone lactylation to promote ccRCC progression. In patients with ccRCC, inactive VHL positively correlates with the presence of histone lactylation, and high levels of histone lactylation indicates poor patient prognosis.

Association between cine CMR-based radiomics signature and microvascular obstruction in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Background: In the process of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) may receive large doses of the iodine contrast agent. Some adverse events may be aroused if the patients receive the gadolinium agents. We investigate the association between cine cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-based radiomics signature and microvascular obstruction (MVO) in patients with STEMI.