Stimulation Effects Mapping for Optimizing Coil Placement for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

The position and orientation of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil, which we collectively refer to as coil placement, significantly affect both the assessment and modulation of cortical excitability. TMS electric field (E-field) simulation can be used to identify optimal coil placement. However, the present E-field simulation required a laborious segmentation and meshing procedure to determine optimal coil placement.

The trajectory of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and its dynamic relationship with inhibitory control.

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Impaired inhibitory control is observed in the majority of individuals with ADHD. Understanding the relationship between inhibitory control and the developmental trajectory of ADHD is essential for informing clinical prognosis and guiding early interventions.

Gene-level analysis reveals the genetic aetiology and therapeutic targets of schizophrenia.

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have reported multiple risk loci for schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the majority of the associations were from populations of European ancestry. Here we conducted a large-scale GWAS in Eastern Asian populations (29,519 cases and 44,392 controls) and identified ten Eastern Asian-specific risk loci, two of which have not been previously reported.

Disentangling the topological symptom structure of schizophrenia: A network analysis.

Background And Hypothesis: The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), comprehensively assesses schizophrenia severity. While network analyses of schizophrenic symptoms have yielded inconsistent results, components of disorganized thought consistently rank high in centrality. The present study aims to explore the centrality of disorganized thought across patient subgroups and its potential as a treatment target.

Disorder-specific neurodynamic features in schizophrenia inferred by neurodynamic embedded contrastive variational autoencoder model.

Neurodynamic models that simulate how micro-level alterations propagate upward to impact macroscopic neural circuits and overall brain function may offer valuable insights into the pathological mechanisms of schizophrenia (SCZ). In this study, we integrated a neurodynamic model with the classical Contrastive Variational Autoencoder (CVAE) to extract and evaluate macro-scale SCZ-specific features, including subject-level, region-level parameters, and time-varying states. Firstly, we demonstrated the robust fitting of the model within our multi-site dataset.

Associations of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms with amyloid burden in cognitively normal older adults.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with the development of dementia. However, the link between PTSD and preclinical Alzheimer's disease pathology (amyloid [Aβ]) remains controversial. Moreover, the correlation between the severity of PTSD with Aβ levels remains unknown.

Application of "Internet +" continuous emotion management training in patients with depression.

Objective: Explore the application effects of "Internet +" continuous emotional management training in depression patients and analyze the feasibility of innovative rehabilitation training methods.

Methods: Conveniently selected 100 discharged patients meeting the diagnostic criteria for depression from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University between August 2022 and January 2023 as study subjects. They were divided into an intervention group and a control group according to their discharge time, with 50 patients in each group.

Abnormal regional brain activity in patients with first-episode medication-naïve depressive disorder: A longitudinal fNIRS study.

The potential relationship between abnormal brain activity and clinical symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is important for auxiliary diagnosis and prediction of the curative effect of treatments for MDD. Before antidepressant treatment (T1), 4 weeks after treatment (T2), and 8 weeks after treatment (T3), 33 patients with first-episode medication-naïve MDD and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were examined using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to evaluate the cerebral hemodynamic response in the frontal and temporal cortex during the Verbal Fluency Task (VFT). Compared with HCs, VFT scores and activation levels of the frontal pole, inferior frontal gyrus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly decreased in the first-episode medication-naïve depressive disorder patients (FMD).

[The relationship between auditory verbal hallucination and gray matter volume and cortical thicknessin first-episode childhood-onset schizophrenia].

To analyze the relationship of gray matter volume and cortical thickness of auditory verbal hallucination in first-episode childhood-onset schizophrenia(COS). Sixty cases of first-episode childhood-onset schizophrenia who were treated in the inpatient department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from October 2020 to February 2024 were collected(case group).Thirty-two healthy students from a primary and secondary school in Xinxiang city were the control group.

Network integration and segregation changes in schizophrenia: impact of electroconvulsive therapy.

Background: Studies have confirmed brain network topology disruption in schizophrenia (SZ). Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) rapidly improves acute psychiatric symptoms, yet the exact mechanism by which it impacts brain network topology in SZ patients remains unclear. This study aims to explore topological changes in SZ patients' whole-brain functional networks during ECT, ultimately elucidating implicated neurological mechanisms.

Reprogramming of Expanded Cord Blood-Derived CD34 Cells from Umbilical Cord-Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Co-Culture to Generate Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Cord blood (CB) is widely stored as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for potential future use, though its application for autologous purposes remains limited. Repurposing CB into human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can broaden its utility beyond hematological conditions. This study investigated the effects of umbilical cord-mesenchymal stromal cell (UC-MSC) co-culture on CB CD34 cells and the characteristics of the resulting hiPSCs.

Deciphering and Targeting the ESR2-miR-10a-5p-BDNF Axis in the Prefrontal Cortex: Advancing Postpartum Depression Understanding and Therapeutics.

Postpartum depression (PPD) represents a important emotional disorder emerging after childbirth, characterized by its complex etiology and challenging management. Despite extensive preclinical and clinical investigations underscoring the role of estrogen fluctuations and estrogen receptor genes in PPD, the precise mechanisms underpinning this condition have remained elusive. In our present study, animal behavioral studies have elucidated a tight link between the aberrant expression of ESR2, miR-10a-5p, and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of mice exhibiting postpartum depressive-like behavior, shedding light on the potential molecular pathways involved.

Zdhhc1 deficiency mitigates foam cell formation and atherosclerosis by inhibiting PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway through facilitating the nuclear translocation of p110α.

Monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and subsequent foam cell formation are key processes that contribute to plaque build-up during the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Palmitoylation enzymes are known to play pivotal roles in the development and progression of inflammatory diseases. However, their specific impact on atherosclerosis development remains unclear.

Who can benefit more from its twelve-week treatment: A prospective cohort study of blonanserin for patients with schizophrenia.

Background: Blonanserin (BNS) is a well-tolerated and effective drug for treating schizophrenia.

Aim: To investigate which types of patients would obtain the most benefit from BNS treatment.

Methods: A total of 3306 participants were evaluated in a 12-week, prospective, multicenter, open-label post-marketing surveillance study of BNS.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia: The Role of Inflammation.

Background And Hypothesis: The complex immune-brain interactions and the regulatory role of mitochondria in the immune response suggest that mitochondrial damage reported in schizophrenia (SZ) may be related to abnormalities observed in immune and brain functions.

Study Design: Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN), a biomarker of mitochondrial function, was assessed in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of 121 healthy individuals and 118 SZ patients before and after 8 weeks of antipsychotic treatment, and a meta-analysis related to blood mtDNA CN was conducted. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in SZ patients were obtained from the medical record system.

Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on disease acceptance for breast cancer patients: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Breast cancer patients face significant psychological challenges, including difficulties in accepting the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term impact of the disease. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has shown promise in enhancing acceptance and psychological flexibility in various populations. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of ACT in promoting disease acceptance among breast cancer patients through a randomized controlled trial.

Causal relationship between hypertension and ischemic stroke: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a well-recognized risk factor for human health and has become a major cause of the global burden of disease over the past decades. Determining the correlation between hypertension and IS is important for the prevention of IS. In epidemiologic studies, researches have reported a strong association between hypertension and IS.

Thalamic Volumes and Functional Networks Linked With Self-Regulation Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder.

Aims: Self-regulation (SR) dysfunction is a crucial risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, neural substrates of SR linking MDD remain unclear.

Methods: Sixty-eight healthy controls and 75 MDD patients were recruited to complete regulatory orientation assessments with the Regulatory Focus Questionnaire (RFQ) and Regulatory Mode Questionnaire (RMQ).

Acquisition and extinction of active avoidance compulsive-like behavior in mice.

Approximately 90% of adults have ever experienced obsessions, yet less than 3% of them develop OCD. It is hypothesized that excessive fear of negative events contributes to OCD onset and development, which is related to the individual differences in psychopathology and neurophysiology associated with OCD among those who experience obsessions. To explore the hypothesis, this study examined if a fear-inducing aversive footshock could induce compulsive-like lever-pressing behavior in mice, the effects of extinction treatments on the compulsive-like behavior, and how the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) in the amygdala would be regulated.

Structure-function coupling changes in first-episode, treatment-naïve schizophrenia correlate with cell type-specific transcriptional signature.

Background: First-episode schizophrenia (FES) is a complex and progressive psychiatric disorder. The etiology of FES involves genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors. This study investigates the association between alterations in structural-functional (SC-FC) coupling and transcriptional expression in FES.

Exosomes Derived from DPA-treated UCMSCs Attenuated Depression-like Behaviors and Neuroinflammation in a Model of Depression Induced by Chronic Stress.

Depression is characterized by both neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Exosomes (Exo) have been shown to function as inhibitors of inflammation and promoters of neurogenesis. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid, can combat depression by increasing levels of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA).

Effects of insomnia treatments on cognitive function: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Globally, insomnia has been shown to impact cognitive function, which has prompted the exploration of effective treatments to enhance cognitive outcomes. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions vary in their effects, indicating that further research for optimized therapeutic strategies is needed.

Methods: Searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and PsychInfo from database inception until August 2024 were conducted to identify relevant randomized controlled studies investigating the impacts of insomnia treatments on cognitive function.