Application of lipid nanovesicle drug delivery system in cancer immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy has gradually emerged as the most promising anticancer therapy. In addition to conventional anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, anti-CTLA-4 therapy, CAR-T therapy, etc., immunotherapy can also be induced by stimulating the maturation of immune cells or inhibiting negative immune cells, regulating the tumor immune microenvironment and cancer vaccines.

Immunogenic Cell Death Induced by Chemoradiotherapy of Novel pH-Sensitive Cargo-Loaded Polymersomes in Glioblastoma.

Background: Inducing the immunogenic cell death of tumour cells can mediate the occurrence of antitumour immune responses and make the therapeutic effect more significant. Therefore, the development of treatments that can induce ICD to destroy tumour cells most effectively is promising. Previously, a new type of pH-sensitive polymersome was designed for the treatment of glioblastoma which represents a promising nanoplatform for future translational research in glioblastoma therapy.

Facile Assembly of Thermosensitive Liposomes for Active Targeting Imaging and Synergetic Chemo-/Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for the recurrence of liver cancer, highlighting the urgent need for the development of effective treatment regimens. In this study, 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) and thermosensitive magnetoliposomes (TMs) conjugated to anti-CD90 (CD90@17-AAG/TMs) were developed for temperature-responsive CD90-targeted synergetic chemo-/magnetic hyperthermia therapy and simultaneous imaging The targeting ability of CD90@DiR/TMs was studied with near-infrared (NIR) resonance imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the antitumor effect of CD90@17-AAG/TM-mediated magnetic thermotherapy was evaluated . After treatment, the tumors were analyzed with Western blotting, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients: Results of a multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, clinical trial at 96 weeks.

Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a prodrug of a nucleotide analogue. As an antiviral drug, TDF has been proposed in the first-line treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Qingzhong, a brand name of TDF, commercialized by Jiangsu Chia-tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co Ltd.

Chitosan oligosaccharide decorated liposomes combined with TH302 for photodynamic therapy in triple negative breast cancer.

Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive tumor with extremely high mortality that results from its lack of effective therapeutic targets. As an adhesion molecule related to tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis, cluster of differentiation-44 (also known as CD44) is overexpressed in TNBC. Moreover, CD44 can be effectively targeted by a specific hyaluronic acid analog, namely, chitosan oligosaccharide (CO).

LRP1-mediated pH-sensitive polymersomes facilitate combination therapy of glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most invasive primary intracranial tumor, and its effective treatment is one of the most daunting challenges in oncology. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the main obstacle that prevents the delivery of potentially active therapeutic compounds. In this study, a new type of pH-sensitive polymersomes has been designed for glioblastoma therapy to achieve a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for U87-MG human glioblastoma xenografts in nude mice and significantly increased survival time.

Peptide-functionalized metal-organic framework nanocomposite for ultrasensitive detection of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine with practical application.

In this work, we have prepared peptide-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as signal-amplifying tags for the detection of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC). Furthermore, enzyme-MOF nanocomposites are fabricated via a coprecipitation strategy between horse radish peroxidase (HRP) and ZIF-90, where ZIF-90 is used as a protective support for HRP immobilization. Meanwhile, the peptide sequence has been designed as SPARC-binding peptide, which imparts biorecognition functionality to HRP@ZIF-90 for performing a colorimetric sensor.

LncRNA PVT1 promotes gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer via activating Wnt/β-catenin and autophagy pathway through modulating the miR-619-5p/Pygo2 and miR-619-5p/ATG14 axes.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies and has an extremely poor diagnosis and prognosis. The development of resistance to gemcitabine is still a major challenge. The long noncoding RNA PVT1 was reported to be involved in carcinogenesis and chemoresistance; however, the mechanism by which PVT1 regulates the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine remains poorly understood.

A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, controlled, multicenter study of Qingzhong (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) versus Viread for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: First-stage results at week 48.

Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) has been widely recommended as a first-line antiviral agent to treat chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Qingzhong and Viread, formulations of TDF commercialized by Jiangsu Chia-tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co Ltd and GlaxoSmithKline, respectively, have both been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration, China. This study analyzed the efficacy and safety of these 2 TDF agents in Chinese patients with CHB.

Sensor Array Fabricated with Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks for the Histopathological Examination of Colon Cancer.

There is still no good method for the diagnosis of colon cancer, so in this work we have presented a nanoscale metal-organic framework (NMOF)-based sensor array to effectively identify normal and pathological tissues. Moreover, this method can enable a rapid and accurate histopathological examination of colon cancer with simple and easy operation. The method is designed by making use of the different interactions between the overall intracellular proteome signatures of colonic tissues and three structurally stable NMOFs featuring characteristic surface chemistry.

Clock-Bmal1 mediates MMP9 induction in acrolein-promoted atherosclerosis associated with gut microbiota regulation.

Circadian rhythm is believed to play important roles in atherosclerosis. The gut microbiota is found to be closely related to atherogenesis, and shows compositional and functional circadian oscillation. However, it's still unclarified whether circadian clock and intestinal microbiota are involved in the progression of atherosclerosis induced by environmental pollutant acrolein.

The oncogenic role of Wnt10a in colorectal cancer through activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Wnt family member 10A (Wnt10a) is an oncogene associated with the carcinogenesis and progression of renal cell carcinoma, and is strongly expressed in the CRC cell line SW480. However, the role of Wnt10a in CRC has been rarely reported.

Early recovery of the platelet count after decitabine-based induction chemotherapy is a prognostic marker of superior response in elderly patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia.

Background: Definite prognostic clinical factors of benefit for decitabine-based induction chemotherapy in elderly patients newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) are not identified. This study was designed to explore the potential biomarker, especially regeneration of haematopoiesis, of treatment response and survival in elderly patients with newly diagnosed AML.

Method: We analysed the clinical data of 117 elderly AML patients who were treated with a decitabine dose of 15 mg/m for 5 days, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor of 300 μg/d for priming, plus cytarabine 10 mg/m q12h for 7 days and aclarubicin 10 mg/d for 4 days (D-CAG).

Metastatic thymic carcinoid responds to chemoradiation and octreotide: A case report.

Rationale: Thymic carcinoids are a rare type of malignant neuroendocrine tumors which have a poor prognosis due to their distant metastasis, invasive behaviour, and postoperative recurrence. Surgical resection is still the fundamental mode for treating thymic carcinoids. Here, we report the rapid shrinkage of an atypical thymic carcinoid with multiple metastases following chemoradiation plus octreotide as a first-line therapy PATIENT CONCERNS:: A 39-year-old Chinese man presented with chest tightness, dyspnea with a history of lumbago and untreated malignant thymoma.

Effects of chidamide and its combination with decitabine on proliferation and apoptosis of leukemia cell lines.

Chidamide, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI), shows anticancer ability against leukemia and solid tumors. Decitabine (5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, DAC), an anti-leukemic drug, is effective in treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In our study, we investigated the anti-leukemic ability of chidamide, as well as its combination with decitabine in leukemia cells (HL60 and NB4).

Acrolein-induced atherogenesis by stimulation of hepatic flavin containing monooxygenase 3 and a protection from hydroxytyrosol.

Acrolein, a highly toxic α, β-unsaturated aldehyde, promotes the progression of atherosclerosis in association with inflammatory signaling pathway and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) process. Additionally, hepatic flavin containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by regulating cholesterol metabolism. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), as a major phenolic compound in olive oil, exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic activities in vitro and animal models.

No obvious sympathetic excitation after massive levothyroxine overdose: A case report.

Rationale: Thyrotoxicosis from an overdose of medicinal thyroid hormone is a condition that may be associated with a significant delay in onset of toxicity. However, limited literature is available regarding thyrotoxicosis attributed to excessive ingestion of exogenous thyroid hormone and most cases described were pediatric clinical researches. Herein, we presented the course of a patient who ingested a massive amount of levothyroxine with no obvious sympathetic excited symptoms exhibited and reviewed feasible treatment options for such overdoses.

Fabrication of reusable electrochemical biosensor and its application for the assay of α-glucosidase activity.

A reusable biosensor has been fabricated in this work for the assay of α-glucosidase activity and the inhibitor screening. In this design, the aptamer of ATP is split as split aptamer 1 (Apt 1) and split aptamer 2 (Apt 2), and Apt 2 can link gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with Apt 1 and 4-aminophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (pAPG). Consequently, the functional AuNPs can be immobilized onto the surface of gold electrode, allowing for salt-induced regeneration.

Long noncoding RNA AFAP1-AS1 predicts a poor prognosis and regulates non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation by epigenetically repressing p21 expression.

Background: Mounting evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) could play a pivotal role in cancer biology. However, the role and molecular mechanism and global genes that were mediated by lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain largely unknown.

Methods: Expression of AFAP1-AS1 was analyzed in 92 NSCLC tissues and cell lines by Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Genetic variants in macrophage colony-stimulating factor are associated with risk of renal cell carcinoma in a Chinese population.

Objective: This study was performed to investigate whether CSF-1 polymorphisms influenced the risk of renal cell carcinoma in a Chinese population.

Methods: The potentially functional polymorphisms in CSF-1 (rs333951 and rs2050462) were genotyped in this hospital-based case-control study, comprising 1512 renal cell carcinoma patients and 1691 controls in a Chinese population using the TaqMan assay. Furthermore, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate such an association.

Decitabine in combination with G-CSF, low-dose cytarabine and aclarubicin is as effective as standard dose chemotherapy in the induction treatment for patients aged from 55 to 69 years old with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia.

We retrospectively studied 87 patients aged from 55 to 69 years old with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who received decitabine in combination with G-CSF, low-dose cytarabine and aclarubicin (DCAG) or standard dose chemotherapy as induction therapy. Patients receiving DCAG had a similar overall response rate (ORR) ( = .6105) and complete remission (CR) rate ( = .

The synergy of Vitamin C with decitabine activates TET2 in leukemic cells and significantly improves overall survival in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: Decitabine is widely used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in elderly patients. Low-dose Vitamin C has also been indicated to induce DNA demethylation at the cellular level. However, little is known whether low-dose Vitamin C has a synergistic effect with decitabine in clinic.

Aptamer-Conjugated Extracellular Nanovesicles for Targeted Drug Delivery.

Extracellular nanovesicles (ENV) released by many cells contain lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids that contribute to intercellular communication. ENVs have emerged as biomarkers and therapeutic targets but they have also been explored as drug delivery vehicles. However, for the latter application, clinical translation has been limited by low yield and inadequate targeting effects.