Metallothionein rescues doxorubicin cardiomyopathy via mitigation of cuproptosis.

Doxorubicin (DOX), a chemotherapeutic agent utilized in the management of cancer, provokes cardiotoxicity although effective remedy is lacking. Given that DOX provokes oxidative stress and cell death in cardiomyocytes, this study evaluated the possible involvement of cuproptosis, a newly identified form of cell death, in DOX-instigated cardiac remodeling and contractile dysfunction, alongside the impact of the heavy metal scavenger metallothionein (MT) on DOX cardiomyopathy. Cardiac-specific MT transgenic and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with DOX (5 mg/kg/wk.

Global burden of traumatic brain injury in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the burden and underlying causes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, which derived estimates of TBI burden from hospital and emergency department records, national surveys, and claims data, the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) associated with TBI were analyzed. A comparative analysis of TBI burden by location, age, sex, and socio-demographic index was performed, along with an underlying assessment of 15 major causes contributing to age-standardized incidence rates.

JOSD2 promotes breast cancer metastasis by deubiquitinating and stabilizing SMAD4.

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among women worldwide, and its high degree of metastasis significantly impacts treatment effectiveness leading to poor prognosis. The potential molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis remain to be further elucidated. In this study, via database analysis, we revealed that the deubiquitinase josephin domain containing 2 (JOSD2) was abnormally amplified in patients with metastatic breast cancer, and was significantly negatively correlated with patient prognosis.

NURBS curve shape prior-guided multiscale attention network for automatic segmentation of the inferior alveolar nerve.

Accurate segmentation of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) within Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images is critical for the precise planning of oral and maxillofacial surgeries, especially to avoid IAN damage. Existing methods often fail due to the low contrast of the IAN and the presence of artifacts, which can cause segmentation discontinuities. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel approach that employs Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) curve shape priors into a multiscale attention network for the automatic segmentation of the IAN.

Mechanisms underlying changes in intestinal permeability during pregnancy and their implications for maternal and infant health.

Proper regulation of intestinal permeability is essential for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. An abnormal increase in permeability can significantly contribute to the onset and progression of various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, metabolic conditions, allergies, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The potential connection between intestinal permeability and maternal health during pregnancy is increasingly recognized, yet a comprehensive review remains lacking.

Immunotherapy improved the efficacy of TACE or TACE plus MTTs in HCC patients: A meta-analysis.

Background: Although several studies have compared the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) without immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and TACE with ICIs, there is still a lack of meta-analysis.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched until July 2023 for studies comparing the efficacy and safety of TACE without ICIs (TACE ± molecular targeted therapies [MTTs]) and TACE without ICIs (TACE ± MTTs + ICIs). Outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events (AEs).

Regulation of 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal damage by the interleukin-23/interleukin-22 axis in chemotherapy.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a primary chemotherapeutic agent for gastrointestinal cancers, known to improve survival but also cause significant intestinal damage, affecting patient quality of life. This study investigated the IL-23-IL-22 axis's role in moderating 5-FU-induced intestinal damage. We analyzed paracancerous tissue damage in colon cancer patients with different Tumor Regression Grade (TRG) and found a direct correlation between TRG and tissue damage severity, indicating that higher chemotherapy effectiveness is linked to increased tissue damage.

Bridging thrombolysis versus direct endovascular treatment in acute vertebrobasilar artery complex occlusion.

Objective: Endovascular treatment (EVT) is an effective treatment for patients with acute vertebrobasilar artery complex occlusion (VBAO). However, the benefit of bridging thrombolysis prior to EVT remains controversial. The purpose of the present study is to explore the best treatment strategy between bridging treatment (BT) and direct EVT in patients with acute VBAO.

Recent Advances in Strategies to Enhance Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy Performance of Single-Component Organic Phototherapeutic Agents.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have emerged as promising treatment options, showcasing immense potential in addressing both oncologic and nononcologic diseases. Single-component organic phototherapeutic agents (SCOPAs) offer advantages compared to inorganic or multicomponent nanomedicine, including better biosafety, lower toxicity, simpler synthesis, and enhanced reproducibility. Nonetheless, how to further improve the therapeutic effectiveness of SCOPAs remains a challenging research area.

Advances in Radionuclide-Labeled Biological Carriers for Tumor Imaging and Treatment.

Biological carriers have emerged as significant tools to deliver radionuclides in nuclear medicine, providing a meaningful perspective for tumor imaging and treatment. Various radionuclide-labeled biological carriers have been developed to meet the needs of biomedical applications. This review introduces the principles of radionuclide-mediated imaging and therapy and the selected criteria of them, as well as a comprehensive description of the characteristics and functions of representative biological carriers including bacteria, cells, viruses, and their biological derivatives, emphasizing the labeled strategies of biological carriers combined with radionuclides.

Supramolecular Engineering of Nanoceria for Management and Amelioration of Age-Related Macular Degeneration via the Two-Level Blocking of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV), is the global leading cause of irreversible blindness. Current first-line therapeutics, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonists, often yield incomplete and suboptimal vision improvement, necessitating the exploration of novel and efficacious therapeutic approaches. Herein, a supramolecular engineering strategy to construct moringin (MOR) loaded α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) coated nanoceria (M@CCNP) is constructed, where the hydroxy and newly formed carbonyl groups of α-CD interact with the nanoceria surface via O─Ce conjunction and the isothiocyanate group of MOR inserts deeply into the α-CD cavity via host-guest interaction.

Association between preoperative serum albumin levels and length of stay in elderly patients with hip fractures: A nonlinear relationship.

Previous studies have provided relatively limited evidence in examining the impact of preoperative serum albumin levels on the length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients with hip fractures. This study aimed to elucidate the association between preoperative serum albumin levels and LOS in elderly patients with hip fractures. This retrospective cohort study included 1444 elderly patients undergoing surgical treatment for hip fractures at the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen from January 2012 to December 2021.

Laparoscopic peritoneal mucinous cystadenoma debulking: A case report.

Rationale: Peritoneal mucinous cystadenoma is rare in the clinic, lacks specific clinical manifestations, tumor markers, and imaging features, and is easily misdiagnosed and missed. Clinical practitioners should maintain a high level of vigilance. Here, we report a case of laparoscopic peritoneal mucinous cystadenoma stripping to improve our understanding of the disease.

Paraspinal synovial sarcoma mimicking tuberculosis: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare and highly malignant soft tissue sarcoma. When SS occurs in atypical locations, it can present significant diagnostic challenges. We report a case of paraspinal SS initially misdiagnosed as spinal tuberculosis, highlighting the diagnostic difficulties and the importance of considering SS in the differential diagnosis.

Exploration of Novel Metabolic Mechanisms Underlying Primary Biliary Cholangitis Using Hepatic Metabolomics, Lipidomics, and Proteomics Analysis.

Metabolic reprogramming is important in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) development. However, studies investigating the metabolic signature within the liver of PBC patients are limited. In this study, liver biopsies from 31 PBC patients and 15 healthy controls were collected, and comprehensive metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics analysis were conducted to characterize the metabolic landscape in PBC.

Comparison of clinical outcomes in patients with advanced pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma treated with immunotherapy-based regimens or chemotherapy: A study based on the SEER database and multicentric real-world settings.

Background: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare lung cancer characterized by early metastasis and invasion. It is predominantly diagnosed at a locally advanced or metastatic stage, hindering the possibility of surgical intervention. However, a standard treatment for advanced PSC remains unestablished.

The ability of contrast-enhanced ultrasound with Sonazoid to differentiate endometrial carcinoma from benign endometrial lesions: A preliminary, prospective, and multicenter clinical study.

Objective: To examine the diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with Sonazoid (Sonazoid-CEUS) for endometrial lesions.

Methods: In this prospective and multicenter study, data were collected from 84 patients with endometrial lesions from 11 hospitals in China. All the patients received a conventional US and Sonazoid-CEUS examination.

Comparison of antegrade and retrograde laparoscopic bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile cancer.

Purpose: To investigate and compare the feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes of antegrade and retrograde laparoscopic bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 32 patients with penile cancer admitted between 2018 and 2022. Among them, 17 patients underwent antegrade laparoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (ALIL group) and 15 underwent retrograde laparoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (RLIL group).

Triptolide exhibits dual anti-tumor effects through inhibiting autophagy and extracellular matrix activation in pancreatic cancer.

Aim: The tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer, characterized by abundant desmoplastic stroma, has been implicated in the failure of chemotherapy. Therefore, developing therapeutic strategies targeting tumor and stromal cells is essential. Triptolide, a natural compound derived from the plant Tripterygium wilfordii, has shown antitumor activity in various cancers, including pancreatic cancer.

Clinical features and prognosis analysis of stage III/IV patients with lung cancer after treatment with toripalimab: A real-world retrospective.

Aim: Toripalimab is the first antitumor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody approved in China. For better patient management, it is important to understand the real-world outcomes of toripalimab in treating patients with lung cancer in the real world outside of clinical trials to improve patient care.

Methods: We retrospectively examined the clinical data of 80 patients with lung cancer who received the PD-1 inhibitor (toripalimab).

Research progress on the structural and anti-colorectal malignant tumor properties of Shikonin.

Colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent malignant tumor worldwide. Despite the advancements in surgical procedures and treatment options, CRC remains a considerable cause of cancer-related mortality. Shikonin is a naphthoquinone compound that exhibits multiple biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects as well as wound healing promotion.

Life's Essential 8 and kidney stones in US adults: mediating roles of HDL and insulin resistance.

Background: The rising incidence of kidney stones underscores the imperative to devise effective preventive measures. While a robust association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and kidney stones exists, the current research landscape lacks investigations between cardiovascular health (CVH) and kidney stones. This study aims to explore the association between CVH, assessed by Life's Essential 8 (LE8), and kidney stones, with the role of blood lipids and insulin resistance in this relationship.

Kuanxiong Aerosol Attenuates Ischemic Stroke Injury via Modulation of the TRPV1 Channel.

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Kuanxiong Aerosol (KXA) on ischemic stroke with reperfusion and elucidate the underlying pharmacological mechanisms.

Methods: In vivo pharmacological effects on ischemic stroke with reperfusion was evaluated using the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) mice model. To evaluate short-term outcome, 30 mice were randomly divided into vehicle group (n=15) and KXA group (n=15).

Advances and applications in single-cell and spatial genomics.

The applications of single-cell and spatial technologies in recent times have revolutionized the present understanding of cellular states and the cellular heterogeneity inherent in complex biological systems. These advancements offer unprecedented resolution in the examination of the functional genomics of individual cells and their spatial context within tissues. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the historical development and recent progress in the field of single-cell and spatial genomics.