Response to iron supplementation is similar between boys and girls with pediatric sleep movement disorders.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate sex differences in response to iron supplementation in children and adolescents suffering from sleep-related movement disorders such as Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD), and Restless Sleep Disorder (RSD).

Methods: Data were retrieved and reanalyzed from previous studies involving children with RLS, PLMD, or RSD. The analysis included 54 patients treated with intravenous (IV) ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) and 31 patients treated with oral ferrous sulfate (FS).

Polysomnographically Defined Restless Sleep Disorder and Periodic Limb Movements during Sleep in Children Born Prematurely.

Introduction: Children born prematurely (<37 weeks' gestation) are at increased risk of perinatal complications, comorbidities, and iron deficiency. Iron deficiency is associated with restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of restless sleep disorder (RSD) and elevated periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) in children born prematurely who underwent polysomnography.

The impact of switching to race-neutral reference equations on FEV percent predicted among people with cystic fibrosis.

Rationale: The American Thoracic Society recommended switching to race-neutral spirometry reference equations, as race is a social construct and to avoid normalizing disparities in lung function due to structural racism. Understanding the impact of the race-neutral equations on percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (ppFEV) in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) will help prepare patients and providers to interpret pulmonary function test results.

Objective(s): To quantify the impact of switching from Global Lung Initiative (GLI) 2012 race-specific to GLI 2022 Global race-neutral reference equations on the distribution of ppFEV among PwCF of different races.

MRI and pathology comparisons in Rasmussen's encephalitis: a multi-institutional examination of hemispherotomy outcomes relative to imaging and histological severity.

Purpose: Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a very rare chronic neurological disorder of unilateral inflammation of the cerebral cortex. Hemispherotomy provides the best chance at achieving seizure freedom in RE patients, but with significant risks and variable long-term outcomes. The goal of this study is to utilize our multicenter pediatric cohort to characterize if differences in pathology and/or imaging characterization of RE may provide a window into post-operative seizure outcomes, which in turn could guide decision-making for parents and healthcare providers.

Paediatric syndromic scoliosis: proceedings of the half-day course at the 57th annual meeting of the Scoliosis Research Society.

There are some syndromes that present with unique manifestations pertaining to the spinal column. A good working understanding of these common syndromes is useful for the spinal deformity surgeons and related healthcare providers. This review attempts to encompass these unique features and discuss them in three broad groups: hypermobility syndromes, muscle pathology-related syndromes, and syndromes related to poor bone quality.

Gamification of a Low-Fidelity Paper Doll to Teach Primary Survey to Pediatric Residents.

When critically ill pediatric patients arrive in the emergency department (ED), a rapid physical evaluation is performed in order to systematically evaluate and address life-threatening conditions. This is commonly referred to as the primary survey. At our institution, pediatric residents are frequently tasked with this role, but they have limited training for or experience with this task.

Pediatric Nasal and Septal Fractures.

Pediatric nasal bone and septal fractures represent a large number of craniofacial injuries in children each year. Due to their differences in anatomy and potential for growth and development, the management of these injuries varies slightly from that of the adult population. As with most pediatric fractures, there is a bias toward less-invasive management to limit disruption to future growth.

Sedation and Analgesia for Reduction of Pediatric Ileocolic Intussusception.

Importance: Ileocolic intussusception is an important cause of intestinal obstruction in children. Reduction of ileocolic intussusception using air or fluid enema is the standard of care. This likely distressing procedure is usually performed without sedation or analgesia, but practice variation exists.

Genitourinary Tract Tumors in Children: An Update.

Background: Genitourinary tract tumors in children are less common than in adults. Most of these tumors have different genetic backgrounds, clinical presentation, and oncologic behavior than their adult counterpart. As a result of low prevalence in children, some of the treatment approaches and recommendations are based on treatment experience in adult patients.

Adolescent Running Biomechanics - Implications for Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation.

Global participation in running continues to increase, especially amongst adolescents. Consequently, the number of running-related injuries (RRI) in adolescents is rising. Emerging evidence now suggests that overuse type injuries involving growing bone (e.

[Videourodynamics: Current indications, technique and considerations.].

Objectives: Describe the technique, indications and the correct interpretation given the findings in different clinical entities, and to serve as a guide for urologists, urology residents and even medical students.

Material And Methods: A literature search was performed using Pubmed, Cochrane and Scopus database for articles and guidelines published between January 1970 and June 2020.

Results: Videourodynamics is a diagnostic procedure that combines the urodynamic study with simultaneous images of the lower urinary tract to assess the anatomy and function during the different phases of micturition.

Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery for treatment of urinary tract stones in children: report of a multicenter international experience.

This study aimed to report a multi-institutional experience with robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) for treatment of urinary tract stones in children. The medical records of 15 patients (12 boys), who underwent RALS for urolithiasis in 4 international centers of pediatric urology over a 5-year period, were retrospectively collected. The median patient age was 8.

Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Differentially Influences Genital and Systemic Immune Activation in HIV-Infected Women.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the quality of life of HIV-infected individuals: reducing plasma viremia, restoring CD4 T cell numbers, and correcting imbalances in blood memory T cell subsets. While ART improves immune correlates at mucosal sites, including the lower female genital tract (FGT), ART initiation has been associated with reactivation of common FGT infections. We investigated the effect of ART on immune activation and inflammation in the genital tract.

Utility of biomarkers in adult Fontan patients with decompensated heart failure.

Background: The incidence of heart failure is increasing within the Fontan population. The use of serological markers, including B-type natriuretic peptide, has been limited in this patient population.

Methods: This was a single-centre retrospective study of Fontan patients in acute decompensated heart failure.

A phase I study of panobinostat in children with relapsed and refractory hematologic malignancies.

Panobinostat demonstrates activity against pediatric cancers in vitro. A phase I trial in children with refractory hematologic malignancies was conducted. The trial evaluated two schedules of oral panobinostat using 3 + 3 dose escalations in 28-day cycles.

Effective intracorporeal space in robot-assisted multiquadrant surgery in a pediatric inanimate model.

Pediatric robot-assisted surgery is technically challenging, but it is becoming the most desirable approach for most of the pediatric urological abdominal surgical procedures. Distance between ports has been adopted based on adult surgery experience. Currently, there is scarce information and literature about effective trocar position and distance between ports for highly complex pediatric multiquadrant surgery.

Diabetes Mellitus in Children with Acute Recurrent and Chronic Pancreatitis: Data From the INternational Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a CuRE Cohort.

Objectives: Adults with chronic pancreatitis (CP) have a high risk for developing pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus (DM), but little is known regarding potential risk factors for DM in children with acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) or CP. We compared demographic and clinical features of children with ARP or CP, with and without DM, in the INternational Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a CuRE (INSPPIRE) registry.

Methods: We reviewed the INSPPIRE database for the presence or absence of physician-diagnosed DM in 397 children, excluding those with total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation, enrolled from August 2012 to August 2017.

A Real Human Umbilical Cord Simulator Model for Emergency Umbilical Venous Catheter Placement Training.

Emergency umbilical venous catheter placement is a critical procedure during newborn resuscitation. Providing training in this high-acuity and low-frequency procedure is important to optimize the skills of newborn resuscitation teams. Available simulators use simulated umbilical cords which are lower in fidelity than real human umbilical cords and may not provide optimal training.

The effect of immediate controlled forces on periodontal healing of teeth replanted after short dry time in dogs.

Background/aim: The extra-alveolar dry period and storage medium in which a tooth is kept prior to replantation remain critical factors affecting the survival and repair potential of the periodontal ligament in avulsed teeth. When replantation is not immediate, replacement root resorption (RRR) is the most common complication. The aim of this histological study was to evaluate the effect of immediate controlled-orthodontic forces in periodontal healing of replanted teeth in a canine model.

Pulmonary Atresia With an Intact Ventricular Septum: Preoperative Physiology, Imaging, and Management.

Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) is a rare complex cyanotic congenital heart disease with heterogeneous morphological variation. Prenatal diagnosis allows for developing a safe plan for delivery and postnatal management. While transthoracic echocardiography allows for detailed delineation of the cardiac anatomy, additional imaging modalities such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and catheterization may be necessary to further outline features of the cardiac anatomy, specifically coronary artery anatomy.

Residual Weighted Learning for Estimating Individualized Treatment Rules.

Personalized medicine has received increasing attention among statisticians, computer scientists, and clinical practitioners. A major component of personalized medicine is the estimation of individualized treatment rules (ITRs). Recently, Zhao et al.