ShaderNN: A Lightweight and Efficient Inference Engine for Real-time Applications on Mobile GPUs.

Inference using deep neural networks on mobile devices has been an active area of research in recent years. The design of a deep learning inference framework targeted for mobile devices needs to consider various factors, such as the limited computational capacity of the devices, low power budget, varied memory access methods, and I/O bus bandwidth governed by the underlying processor's architecture. Furthermore, integrating an inference framework with time-sensitive applications - such as games and video-based software to perform tasks like ray tracing denoising and video processing - introduces the need to minimize data movement between processors and increase data locality in the target processor.

Evaluating the User-Perceived Benefit of a Virtual Lung Cancer Patient Education and Support Community: LVNG With Lung Cancer.

Background: The accessibility and quality of network support for people living with lung cancer (PLW) and their support partners (SP) can vary. Virtual platforms provide unique opportunities for PLW/SP peer support and disease education.

Methods: Using a novel dual approach, we determined the user-perceived impact of the AstraZeneca-sponsored Facebook community, (facebook.

Impact of an Oncology Clinical Pharmacist Intervention on Clinical Trial Enrollment in The US Oncology Network's MYLUNG Consortium.

Introduction: The Molecularly Informed Lung Cancer Treatment in a Community Cancer Network: A Pragmatic Consortium™ (MYLUNG) clinical trial platform aims to advance the use of precision medicine in patients with non-small cell lung cancer through a series of prospective and iterative clinical trials. Timely patient accrual onto oncology clinical trials is a known practice challenge and impaired accrual rates can lead to premature trial closure or properly powered trial outcomes. The US Oncology Network recently implemented a clinical pharmacist (ClinReview) initiative to provide remote clinical services to screen patients for enrollment onto MYLUNG Protocol 2.

Understanding the regulatory-procurement interface for medicines in Africa via publicly available information on standards, implementation, and enforcement in five countries.

Background: Substandard and falsified medicines in Africa are a major public health concern. Access to quality medical products in African countries is governed in large part by two major entities at the national level: the regulatory authority and the procurement agency. The importance of national regulators in ensuring quality medical products is well known.

Impact of pericarditis on cardiovascular complications and healthcare utilization in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a National Inpatient Sample study.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which affects over 2.3 million people in the USA, involves chronic gut inflammation and can lead to cardiovascular complications, including pericarditis. Whether pericarditis in IBD patients is caused by medication, or by the disease itself, remains unclear.

The role of information science within the clinical translational science ecosystem.

Academic health sciences libraries ("libraries") offer services that span the entire research lifecycle, positioning them as natural partners in advancing clinical and translational science. Many libraries enjoy active and productive collaborations with Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program hubs and other translational initiatives like the IDeA Clinical & Translational Research Network. This article explores areas of potential partnership between libraries and Translational Science Hubs (TSH), highlighting areas where libraries can support the CTSA Program's five functional areas outlined in the Notice of Funding Opportunity.

Informing a sinusitis clinical trial protocol: A focus group study with clinicians and staff.

This study investigates practicing clinician and staff perspectives on potential protocol modifications for the "Nasal Irrigation, Oral Antibiotics, and Subgroup Targeting for Effective Management of Acute Sinusitis" (NOSES) study, a pragmatic randomized controlled trial aiming at improving acute rhinosinusitis management. Focus groups with clinicians and staff at the pretrial stage recommended expanding participant age inclusion criteria, incorporating patients with COVID-19, and shortening the supportive care phase. Participants also discussed patient engagement and recruitment strategies.

SGLT2i and Primary Prevention of Cancer Therapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction in Patients With Diabetes.

Background: Specific cancer treatments can lead to cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) can potentially prevent these cardiotoxic effects.

Objectives: This study sought to determine whether SGLT2i use is associated with a lower incidence of CTRCD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer, exposed to potentially cardiotoxic antineoplastic agents, and without a prior documented history of cardiomyopathy or heart failure.

Stakeholder Perspectives on the Role of Peer Mentors in the Implementation of Long-Acting Antiretroviral Therapy for Use by Adolescents and Young People in Western Kenya: Findings from a Formative Study, KuwaFree! LiveFree!

Long-acting antiretroviral treatment (LA ART) is a forthcoming option for adolescents and young people living with HIV (AYPLHIV), but perspectives on using peer mentors to implement LA ART for AYPLHIV are unknown. We conducted seven focus group discussions ( = 58 participants) from November 2021 to April 2022 in Kenya with four stakeholder groups, including AYPLHIV, healthcare providers, advocates, and policymakers. We used inductive coding and thematic analysis.

Peto's Paradox Is Dead. Long Live Peto's Paradox.

In this issue, Compton and colleagues report the prevalence of neoplasia and malignant cancer in 292 species, based on 16,049 necropsy records, shedding light on susceptibility to cancer and the evolution of mechanisms that protect against cancer across a broad array of vertebrates. See related article by Compton et al., p.

UV Light Exposure Induces a Type I Interferon Dependent Activation and Migration of Inflammatory Dendritic Cells to Local Lymph Nodes.

Objective: Photosensitivity occurs in ~75% of lupus patients. Although ultraviolet light radiation (UVR) stimulates Type I interferon (IFN-I) in the skin, how UVR induced skin inflammation leads to downstream effects is poorly understood. Tissue inflammation causes DC to migrate from organs to draining lymph nodes (dLN) including a recently identified inflammatory DC subset (inf cDC2) that are potent antigen presenting cells.

Evaluation of the Toxicity and Outcomes of the Combination of Midostaurin and CLAG-M in Patients With FLT3-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Addition of midostaurin to standard "7+3" (cytarabine and anthracycline) significantly prolongs overall and event-free survival. At University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (UW/FHCC), the standard regimen for newly diagnosed (ND) and relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML is cladribine, high-dose cytarabine, GCSF, and mitoxantrone (CLAG-M); midostaurin is added if FLT3-mutated. There is limited data on the use of FLT3-inhibitors with high-dose cytarabine regimens in AML.

What Matters in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Comparison of Patient and Clinician Perspectives.

Objective: This study aimed to expand the understanding of the patient with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) experience and to compare/contrast patient and clinician prioritization of PsA dimensions.

Methods: We conducted four patients with PsA focus groups across three US rheumatology practices using mixed methods to identify attributes of PsA important to patients. Combination with extant attributes of PsA identified by a steering committee created a comprehensive list of attributes.

Association of Pre- and Postinjury Mental Health With Long-term Clinical and Financial Outcomes.

Background: As increased attention is placed on optimizing long-term outcomes of trauma patients by addressing mental health, little is known regarding the interplay of pre- and postinjury mental health on long-term financial and functional outcomes.

Methods: Patients from 19 Level 1 and 2 trauma centers took part in serial surveys 1 to 24 months postdischarge. Preinjury mental health diagnoses were identified using trauma registry data and postinjury mental health symptoms from survey data.

Proteomic signature of HIV-associated subclinical left atrial remodeling and incident heart failure.

People living with HIV are at higher risk of heart failure and associated left atrial remodeling compared to people without HIV. Mechanisms are unclear but have been linked to inflammation and premature aging. Here we obtain plasma proteomics concurrently with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in two independent study populations to identify parallels between HIV-related and aging-related immune dysfunction that could contribute to atrial remodeling and clinical heart failure.

Altered Protein Structures and Neoepitopes in Lupus Neutrophils From Dysregulated Splicing of Messenger RNA.

Objective: To test whether messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing is altered in neutrophils from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and can produce neoantigens.

Methods: RNA sequencing of neutrophils from patients with SLE (n = 15) and healthy donors (n = 12) were analyzed for mRNA splicing using the RiboSplitter pipeline, an event-focused tool based on SplAdder with subsequent translation and protein domain annotation. RNA sequencing from SARS-CoV2-infected individuals was used as an additional comparator.

Does using the Lung Clearance Index (LCI) inform clinical decisions in children with cystic fibrosis?

Introduction: The Lung Clearance Index (LCI) is an established research test, but its role in clinical decision-making is not well defined. This study estimated the proportion of treatment decisions that are changed or supported by the added information provided by LCI.

Methods: A mixed methods prospective observational study was conducted in North America.

Health and economic impact of oral PrEP provision across subgroups in western Kenya: a modelling analysis.

Introduction: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a priority intervention for scale-up in countries with high HIV prevalence. Policymakers must decide how to optimise PrEP allocation to maximise health benefits within limited budgets. We assessed the health and economic impact of PrEP scale-up among different subgroups and regions in western Kenya.

Radiomics signature for dynamic monitoring of tumor inflamed microenvironment and immunotherapy response prediction.

Background: The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) depends on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), with a preference for a T cell-inflamed TIME. However, challenges in tissue-based assessments via biopsies have triggered the exploration of non-invasive alternatives, such as radiomics, to comprehensively evaluate TIME across diverse cancers. To address these challenges, we develop an ICI response signature by integrating radiomics with T cell-inflamed gene-expression profiles.

Validation of the Contraception-Focused Preference-Aligned Fertility Management Index in Uganda and Nigeria.

Objective: To evaluate construct validity of the contraception-focused "Preference-aligned Fertility Management" (PFM) Index, a new person-centered and rights-based outcome measure, in Nigeria and Uganda.

Study Design: We analyzed survey data from convenience samples of new users of contraception and non-users of contraception in Uganda and users of contraception in Nigeria. PFM Index scores were calculated by combining two indicators: Indicator 1 assessing alignment between desire to use contraception and actual use; Indicator 2 evaluating whether users' current methods are desired.

Proximity and Prior Medical Engagement Influence Follow-Up After Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Objective: Post-repair surveillance of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) is critical for detecting potential complications. Substantial loss to follow-up has been reported in populations undergoing elective endovascular aortic repair (EVAR); however, there is limited data on follow-up rate among patients presenting with rupture. Thus, we investigated follow-up trends and factors influencing retention at a major academic referral center with a wide service area.

What is the clinical importance of radiographic changes around the humeral component in anatomic shoulder arthroplasty? A minimum 4-year follow-up study.

Background: While stress shielding and adaptive bone changes around the humeral component are often observed after shoulder arthroplasty, the potential causative factors and clinical significance of these findings at mid-term follow-up have not been well elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency, patterns and clinical significance of radiographic findings around the humeral component of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and hemiarthroplasty (HA) at minimum 4-year follow-up.

Methods: The 6-week and minimum 4-year radiographs of patients who underwent HA and TSA were evaluated for filling ratios, changes in the humeral bone surrounding the component, and component shift or subsidence.

Statistical harmonization of versions of measures across studies using external data: self-rated health and self-rated memory.

Purpose: Harmonizing variables for constructs measured differently across studies is essential for comparing, combining, and generalizing results. We developed and fielded a brief survey to harmonize Likert and continuous versions of measures for two constructs, self-rated health and self-rated memory, for use in studies of French older adults.

Methods: We recruited 300 participants from a French memory clinic in 2023 to answer both the Likert and continuous versions of self-rated health and self-rated memory questions.

Effect of mass drug administration on malaria incidence in southeast Senegal during 2020-22: a two-arm, open-label, cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Background: In Africa, the scale-up of malaria-control interventions has reduced malaria burden, but progress towards elimination has stalled. Mass drug administration (MDA) is promising as a transmission-reducing strategy, but evidence from low-to-moderate transmission settings is needed. We aimed to assess the safety, coverage, and effect of three cycles of MDA with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine plus single, low-dose primaquine on Plasmodium falciparum incidence and prevalence in southeast Senegal.