The effects of low vs. high rating of perceived exertion clamp exercise on performance, neuromuscular, and muscle oxygen saturation responses in females.

Purpose: This study examined the time course of changes in force, relative to critical force (CF), electromyographic amplitude (EMG AMP), neuromuscular efficiency (NE), and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO), as well as time to task failure (TTF) and performance fatigability (PF) during isometric handgrip holds to failure (HTF) anchored to the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) at 3 and 7.

Methods: Ten females completed pre-test maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs), submaximal HTF at four percentages of MVIC, an HTF at RPE = 3 and 7, and post-test MVICs. Analyses included paired samples t-tests, repeated measures ANOVAs and planned comparisons.

Comparing Body Composition Methods for Air Force Reserve Officers' Training Corps Cadets.

Introduction: In special populations, such as Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) cadets, body composition is used not only as a predictor of fitness but for additional purposes such as qualification for enlistment, load carriage, and duty fulfillment. Body mass index (BMI) is the initial measurement recorded and is considered a representation of health and physical performance capabilities. Personnel exceeding threshold values of body weight based upon their height measurement are typically further evaluated using a circumference-based method that predicts the cadets' percent body fat.

ENDS use among college students: Salivary biomarkers and persistent cough.

Though e-cigarette aerosol has been associated with altered lung cell function, few studies have examined the effects of use on immune response and respiratory symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine if recent persistent cough or cytokine levels are related to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) use in college students. In April 2019, 61 undergraduate students at the University of Kentucky completed surveys and provided a salivary sample to evaluate cytokine levels (Interleukin (IL-) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13 and TNFα, INFγ), using quota sampling to obtain comparable numbers of ENDS users and non-ENDS users.

Muscle fiber type effects on energetically optimal cadences in cycling.

Fast-twitch (FT) and slow-twitch (ST) muscle fibers vary in their mechanical and energetic properties, and it has been suggested that muscle fiber type distribution influences energy expenditure and the energetically optimal cadence during pedaling. However, it is challenging to experimentally isolate the effects of muscle fiber type on pedaling energetics. In the present study, a modeling and computer simulation approach was used to test the dependence of muscle energy expenditure on pedaling rate during submaximal cycling.

Vertical ground reaction forces: objective measures of gait following hip arthroplasty.

After hip arthroplasty, many patients continue to exhibit abnormal gait patterns. The purpose of this study was to compare the vertical ground reaction forces of a group of 27 individuals who have undergone hip arthroplasty with a group of 35 normal control subjects. Specific force measures were determined from vertical ground reaction forces collected on a treadmill instrumented with two force plates.