Socioeconomic Disparities and Gender Inequalities in Dementia: a Community-Dwelling Population Study from a Middle-Income Country.

The proportion of the world's older adults and of its dementia cases is increasing in low and middle-income countries. This is particularly true in Colombia. There, the number of individuals with dementia may increase five-fold by 2050.

Improvement in Activities of Daily Living during a Nursing Home Stay and One-Year Mortality among Older Adults with Sepsis.

Background/objective: To describe the recovery of activities of daily living (ADLs) during a skilled nursing facility (SNF) stay and the association with 1-year mortality after SNF discharge among Medicare beneficiaries treated in intensive care for sepsis.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Skilled nursing facilities in the United States.

: a qualitative study on the perceptions of recovery following traumatic brain injury among Spanish-speaking U.S. immigrants.

Purpose: To explore the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the quality of life (QoL) and self-concept of Spanish-speaking U.S. Hispanic immigrants with TBI.

Clinician and Patient Characteristics Associated With Lung Cancer Screening Following a Shared Decision-making Visit.

This cohort study explores whether clinician specialty and patient familiarity with the attending clinician are associated with rates of low-dose computerized tomographic lung cancer screening after shared decision-making visits.

Association of Social Behaviors With Community Discharge in Patients with Total Hip and Knee Replacement.

Objectives: Understand the association between social determinants of health and community discharge after elective total joint arthroplasty.

Design: Retrospective cohort design using Optum de-identified electronic health record dataset.

Setting And Participants: A total of 38 hospital networks and 18 non-network hospitals in the United States; 79,725 patients with total hip arthroplasty and 136,070 patients with total knee arthroplasty between 2011 and 2018.

Characterization of Venezuelan Patients With Systemic Sclerosis: A Study in a Tertiary Hospital in Caracas.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of Venezuelan patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) seen in a tertiary hospital.

Methods: Consecutive patients 18 years and older who fulfilled the 2013 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for SSc and who were followed up in the outpatient clinic of the Division of Rheumatology at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas were selected for the study. Demographic and clinical variables were registered at the time of inclusion using a standard protocol.

Effect of a Multifactorial Fall Injury Prevention Intervention on Patient Well-Being: The STRIDE Study.

Background/objectives: In the Strategies to Reduce Injuries and Develop Confidence in Elders (STRIDE) study, a multifactorial intervention was associated with a nonsignificant 8% reduction in time to first serious fall injury but a significant 10% reduction in time to first self-reported fall injury relative to enhanced usual care. The effect of the intervention on other outcomes important to patients has not yet been reported. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on patient well-being including concern about falling, anxiety, depression, physical function, and disability.

Quantifying Lifecourse Drivers of International Migration: A Cross-national Analysis of Mexico and the United States.

Background: Evaluating the long-term health consequences of migration requires longitudinal data on migrants and non-migrants to facilitate adjustment for time-varying confounder-mediators of the effect of migration on health.

Methods: We merged harmonized data on subjects aged 50+ from the US-based Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Our exposed group includes MHAS-return migrants (n = 1555) and HRS Mexican-born migrants (n = 924).

Life-Space Mobility in the Elderly: Current Perspectives.

Life-space mobility (LSM) is a concept for assessing patterns of functional mobility over time. LSM is gaining traction in the research of geriatric population health. Several instruments have been developed to measure LSM, such as the University of Alabama at Birmingham Life-Space Assessment (LSA) or the Nursing Home Life-Space Diameter instrument.

Comparing Costs of Radical Versus Partial Cystectomy for Patients Diagnosed With Localized Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Understanding the Value of Surgical Care.

Objective: To compare costs associated with radical versus partial cystectomy. Prior studies noted substantial costs associated with radical cystectomy, however, they lack surgical comparison to partial cystectomy.

Methods: A total of 2305 patients aged 66-85 years diagnosed with clinical stage T2-4a muscle-invasive bladder cancer from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2011 were included.

Effect of Electronic Activity Monitors and Pedometers on Health: Results from the TAME Health Pilot Randomized Pragmatic Trial.

Brief counseling and self-monitoring with a pedometer are common practice within primary care for physical activity promotion. It is unknown how high-tech electronic activity monitors compare to pedometers within this setting. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes, through effect size estimation, of an electronic activity monitor-based intervention to increase physical activity and decrease cardiovascular disease risk.

Is "Busy" Always Better? Time-Use Activities and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Mexican Adults.

Background And Objectives: Depression among older Mexican adults is underrecognized and of increasing concern due to its association with comorbidities including cognitive and functional impairments. Prior studies have found an association between low involvement levels in social activities and depression. We aimed to examine the association of time-use activities and depressive symptomatology by sex.

Behavioural Disturbances in Patients with Diagnosis of Neurocognitive Disorder in Bogotá (Colombia).

Introduction: The main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of behavioural disturbances (BD) in a group of patients with diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders assessed by a memory clinic in a referral assessment centre in Bogotá, Colombia, in 2015.

Material And Methods: This is an observational, retrospective descriptive study of 507 patients with a diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder (according to DSM-5 criteria) evaluated in a referral centre in Bogotá, Colombia, in 2015.

Results: Among the group of patients assessed, analyses reveal mean age for minor neurocognitive disorders of 71.

Readmissions Reduction Program: Mortality and Readmissions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Implementation of the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) following discharge of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has led to a reduction in 30-day readmissions with unknown effects on postdischarge mortality. To examine the association of HRRP with 30-day hospital readmission and 30-day postdischarge mortality rate in patients after discharge from COPD hospitalization. Retrospective cohort study of readmission and mortality rates in a national cohort ( = 4,587,542) of admissions of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries 65 years or older with COPD from 2006 to 2017.

Willingness to Participate in Health Research Among Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Does Race/Ethnicity Matter?

Introduction: Older adults, including racial and ethnic minorities, are underrepresented in research. As the US population ages, the number of older racial and ethnic minority individuals will increase. Including these individuals in research is an important step towards reducing health disparities.

Testosterone prescribing in men with depression and anxiety disorders.

Purpose: Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is posited to reduce the risk of depression and anxiety. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess incident TRT prescribing patterns in a nationally representative sample of men with depression and anxiety in the United States.

Methods: This study included 5,565,649 men aged 40-65 years, who were enrolled in Clinformatics Data Mart between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2016.

Decrease of Anticholinergic Drug Use in Nursing Home Residents in the United States, 2009 to 2017.

Objective: To investigate the time course of anticholinergic drug use in nursing home residents and assess if any temporal change in anticholinergic use varied by nursing home quality rating.

Design: Retrospective repeated cross-sectional analysis of Medicare enrollment, Parts A, B, and D, claims data linked to the Minimum Data Set from 2009 to 2017.

Setting: Medicare-certified nursing homes.

The Mexican Cognitive Aging Ancillary Study (Mex-Cog): Study Design and Methods.

Objective: Describe the protocol sample and instruments of the Cognitive Aging Ancillary Study in Mexico (Mex-Cog). The study performs an in-depth cognitive assessment in a subsample of older adults of the ongoing Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). The Mex-Cog is part of the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) design to facilitate cross-national comparisons of the prevalence and trends of dementia in aging populations around the world, funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA).

Recovery from physical limitations among older Mexican adults.

Objectives: This paper examines the key determinants of the likelihood of recovery from a physical disability among older adults.

Methods: Data come from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), a national sample of adults born in 1951 or earlier, including a baseline survey in 2001 and follow-ups in 2003, 2012 and 2015. At baseline, we divided our sample of older adults aged 60+ by dimensions of physical limitations (ADLs, IADLs, mobility) and classified respondents as having physical limitations in zero, one, two or three dimensions.

Association of Pain on Hospital Discharge with the Risk of 30-Day Readmission in Patients with Total Hip and Knee Replacement.

Background: It is not clear if there is a risk of 30-day readmissions following total hip and knee arthroplasty in patients reporting high levels of pain at hospital discharge. We examined the relationship between post-surgical pain on the day of discharge and 30-day readmission in patients who received total knee and hip arthroplasty.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients who received total knee (n = 155,284) or hip arthroplasty (n = 89,283) from 2011 to 2018 using electronic health records from the Optum database.

The Effect of Diabetes on the Cognitive Trajectory of Older Adults in Mexico and the United States.

Objectives: To study the impact of diabetes on the long-term cognitive trajectories of older adults in 2 countries with different socioeconomic and health settings, and to determine whether this relationship differs by cognitive domains. This study uses Mexico and the United States to confirm if patterns hold in both populations, as these countries have similar diabetes prevalence but different socioeconomic conditions and diabetes-related mortality.

Methods: Two nationally representative cohorts of adults aged 50 years or older are used: the Mexican Health and Aging Study for Mexico and the Health and Retirement Study for the United States, with sample sizes of 18,810 and 26,244 individuals, respectively, followed up for a period of 14 years.

Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program and Post-Acute Care: Implications for Service Delivery and 30-Day Hospital Readmission.

Objectives: Examine whether the introduction of the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) is associated with changes in post-acute care (PAC) use and 30-day readmission.

Design: A retrospective cohort study examined data prepassage, preimplementation, and postimplementation of the HRRP.

Setting And Participants: In total, 7,851,430 Medicare beneficiaries discharged from 5116 acute hospitals to PAC settings including inpatient rehabilitation, skilled nursing, home health, or a long-term care hospital during 2007‒2015.

A Randomized Trial of a Multifactorial Strategy to Prevent Serious Fall Injuries.

Background: Injuries from falls are major contributors to complications and death in older adults. Despite evidence from efficacy trials that many falls can be prevented, rates of falls resulting in injury have not declined.

Methods: We conducted a pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention that included risk assessment and individualized plans, administered by specially trained nurses, to prevent fall injuries.