The Etiology of Reduced Muscle Mass with Surgical and Pharmacological Weight Loss and the Identification of Potential Countermeasures.

Obesity represents a major health crisis in the United States, significantly increasing risks for chronic diseases and generating substantial economic costs. While bariatric surgery and pharmacological interventions such as GLP-1 receptor agonists have been proven effective in achieving substantial weight loss and improving comorbid conditions, they also raise concerns about the unintended loss of fat-free mass, particularly muscle. This loss of muscle mass compromises physical functionality, quality of life, and long-term metabolic health, particularly in individuals with sarcopenic obesity or those at risk of frailty.

Priority Clinical Actions for Outpatient Management of Nonhospitalized Traumatic Brain Injury.

Outpatient care following nonhospitalized traumatic brain injury (TBI) is variable, and often sparse. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's 2022 report on highlighted the need to improve the consistency and quality of TBI care in the community. In response, the present study aimed to identify existing evidence-based guidance and specific clinical actions over the days to months following nonhospitalized TBI that should be prioritized for implementation in primary care.

Body mass index and trajectories of muscle strength and physical function over time in Mexican American older adults: Sex differences.

Background And Aims: Worldwide, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased. We examined sex-specific patterns in the relationship of body mass index (BMI) with muscle strength and physical function among older Mexican Americans over time.

Methods And Results: Participants (N = 1975) aged ≥65 years (mean = 72.

Perceived usability and acceptability of the My-Hip Fracture risk communication tool from the perspective of academic clinicians.

Objective: We evaluated the usability and acceptability of My-Hip Fracture (My-HF), a web application that assists providers in delivering individualized prognostic information to patients hospitalized for hip fracture (HF).

Methods: We observed a sample of 16 clinicians as they navigated My-HF. We then administered a structured questionnaire and conducted semi-structured interviews to explore participants' opinions about the app's content and the feasibility of incorporating the app into clinical workflows.

Community Engagement Studios to advance multi-site research with older adults.

Introduction: Operationalizing multi-site Community Engagement (CE) Studios to inform a research program is valuable for researchers. We describe the process and outcomes of hosting three CE Studios with Community Experts aged 65 years or older with chronic conditions and care partners of older adults. Experts gave feedback about processes for testing the feasibility, efficacy, effectiveness, and implementation of audio recording clinic visits and sharing recordings with patients who have multimorbidity and their care partners.

The feasibility of sharing digital audio-recordings of clinic visits online with older adults in primary care settings: A multisite trial.

Objective: The objective of this trial was to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of sharing audio recordings of primary care visits with older adults with multimorbidity.

Methods: We used a two-arm, randomized, controlled, feasibility trial with 3-month follow-up. Patients aged ≥ 65 years-with diabetes and hypertension-were recruited from academic primary care settings in New Hampshire, Tennessee, and Texas.

Taking an age-period-cohort perspective to assess changes in the incidence of self-perceptions of aging over time.

Self-perceptions of aging (SPA) are defined as an evaluation of one's own aging. SPA can be positive (e.g.

Annual Wellness Visits and Early Dementia Diagnosis Among Medicare Beneficiaries.

Importance: Early recognition of cognitive impairment is key to optimal dementia care. No previous research has examined the probability of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) at 5-year follow-up among older adult Medicare beneficiaries by receipt of an annual wellness visit (AWV).

Objective: To assess the association of incident AWV with the first ADRD or MCI diagnosis among older adults with Medicare fee-for-service benefits.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes From 2009 to 2023: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

Background: In 2009, Gary and colleagues reviewed prior research examining racial and ethnic differences in outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Over the past 15 years, advances in research and changes in the demographic composition of the United States warrant a comprehensive understanding of racial and ethnic disparities after TBI.

Objective: A systematic review will be conducted to examine racial and ethnic differences in TBI outcomes from 2009 to 2023.

Health literacy after traumatic brain injury: characterisation and control comparison.

Background Little is known about health literacy in traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors. The aims of this study were to compare health literacy in individuals with TBI with that of a control group; to examine the association between health literacy in individuals with TBI and demographic, injury, and cognitive factors; and compare the relationship between health literacy and physical and mental health outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional observational study design was used.

Central nervous system active medication use in Medicare enrollees receiving home health care: association with chronic pain and anxiety level.

No comparative effectiveness data exist on nonopioid analgesics and nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytics to treat pain with anxiety. We examined the relationship between drug class and central nervous system (CNS) active drug polypharmacy on pain and anxiety levels in Medicare enrollees receiving home health (HH) care. This retrospective cohort study included enrollees with diagnoses and 2+ assessments of pain and anxiety between HH admission and discharge.

The role of dynapenia and obesity on cognitive function in older adults.

Background & Aims: Dynapenia and obesity have been independently associated with cognitive decline in older adults, but their co-occurring effects has not been well-studied. The study objective is to examine the relationship between dynapenic-obesity and cognitive impairment in older adults 75 years and older with normal or high cognitive function at baseline over 12 years of follow-up. We hypothesize that those with dynapenic obesity will have greater odds of cognitive function impairment than those with dynapenia only, obesity only, or no dynapenia no obesity (reference group).

Healthcare utilization 9 months pre- and post- COVID-19 hospitalization among patients discharged alive.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that there is an increase in healthcare utilization (HCU) in patients due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated the change in HCU pre and post hospitalization among patients discharged home from COVID-19 hospitalization for up to 9 months of follow up.

Study Design And Methods: This retrospective study from a United States cohort used Optum® de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart; it included adults discharged home post hospitalization with primary diagnosis of COVID-19 between April 2020 and March 2021.

Collective Weakness and Fluidity in Weakness Status Associated With Basic Self-Care Limitations in Older Americans.

Aims: To examine the associations of 1) absolute and normalized weakness cut-points, 2) collective weakness categories, and 3) changes in weakness status on future activities of daily living (ADL) limitations in older Americans.

Methods: The analytic sample included 11,656 participants aged ≥65-years from the 2006-2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. ADL were self-reported.

Considerations When Designing and Implementing Pragmatic Clinical Trials That Include Older Hispanics.

Introduction: Pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) are designed to connect researchers with clinicians to assess the real-world effectiveness and feasibility of interventions, treatments, or health care delivery strategies in routine practice. Within PCTs larger, more representative sampling is possible to improve the external validity of the research. Older adults from underrepresented groups can benefit from PCTs given their historically lower engagement in clinical research.

High-Moisture Extrusion of a Dietary Protein Blend Impairs In Vitro Digestion and Delays In Vivo Postprandial Plasma Amino Acid Availability in Humans.

Background: Industrial processing can alter the structural complexity of dietary proteins and, potentially, their digestion and absorption upon ingestion. High-moisture extrusion (HME), a common processing method used to produce meat alternative products, affects in vitro digestion, but human data are lacking. We hypothesized that HME of a mycoprotein/pea protein blend would impair in vitro digestion and in vivo postprandial plasma amino acid availability.

Dual-Language Use and Cognitive Function Among Mexican Americans Aged 65 and Older.

Background: Better English proficiency and higher frequency of using English among non-native speakers are associated with lower dementia risk.

Objective: We investigated if Mexican American older adults who use English and Spanish to a more similar degree demonstrate better cognitive function than those who use one language more than the other.

Methods: We used data from waves one (1992/93) to eight (2012/13) of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly.

Enhancing flow-mediated dilation analysis by optimizing an open-source software with automated edge detection.

Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a common measure of endothelial function and an indicator of vascular health. Automated software methods exist to improve the speed and accuracy of FMD analysis. Compared with commercial software, open-source software offers similar capabilities at a much lower cost while allowing for increased customization specific to users' needs.

Cardiovascular Disease, Depressive Symptoms, and Heart Failure in Mexican American Aged 75 Years and Older During 12 Years of Follow Up.

Objective: To examine the relationship of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and high depressive symptoms (HDS) with heart failure (HF) among Mexican American older adults without HF at baseline over 12-years of follow-up.

Methods: A 12-year prospective cohort study of 1,018 Mexicans Americans aged 75 and older from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (2004-2016). Measures included socio-demographics, CVD (heart attack or stroke), HDS, smoking status, body mass index, cognitive function, and HF.

Walking Activity and Physical Function Among Mexican American Older Adults Over 9 Years of Follow Up.

Background: Walking activity has been associated with reduction in the development of chronic disease, cognitive and physical function impairment, disability, and mortality. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between walking activity and physical function over 9 years of follow-up among Mexican Americans aged 78 years and older.

Methods: Participants (N = 998) were from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (2007-2016).