The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stay-at-home order's unequal effects on trauma volume by insurance status in Southern California.

Background: The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 in the United States led to a variety of mandates intended to decrease population movement and "flatten the curve." However, there is evidence some are not able to stay-at-home due to certain disadvantages, thus remaining exposed to both coronavirus disease 2019 and trauma. We therefore sought to identify any unequal effects of the California stay-at-home orders between races and insurance statuses in a multicenter study utilizing trauma volume data.

A multicenter trial of current trends in the diagnosis and management of high-grade pancreatic injuries.

Background: Outcomes following pancreatic trauma have not improved significantly over the past two decades. A 2013 Western Trauma Association algorithm highlighted emerging data that might improve the diagnosis and management of high-grade pancreatic injuries (HGPIs; grades III-V). We hypothesized that the use of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, pancreatic duct stenting, operative drainage versus resection, and nonoperative management of HGPIs increased over time.

World Society of Emergency Surgery-American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Guidelines for management of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection in surgical patients: An executive summary.

In the last three decades, the dramatic worldwide increase in incidence and severity of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) (formerly Clostridium difficile infection) has made CDI a global public health challenge. Surgery is a known risk factor for development of CDI yet surgery is also a treatment option in severe cases of CDI. The World Society of Emergency Surgery guidelines for management of CDI in surgical patients were published in 2015.

The management of surgical patients in the emergency setting during COVID-19 pandemic: the WSES position paper.

Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic has occurred, nations showed their unpreparedness to deal with a mass casualty incident of this proportion and severity, which resulted in a tremendous number of deaths even among healthcare workers. The World Society of Emergency Surgery conceived this position paper with the purpose of providing evidence-based recommendations for the management of emergency surgical patients under COVID-19 pandemic for the safety of the patient and healthcare workers.

Method: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) through the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and SCOPUS databases.

The WSES: what do we see in the future?

We present the New Year letter from the WSES board to wish everyone a new year full of positive surprises and good news, despite COVID-19 pandemic.We confirm the WSES primary aim: to promote education in emergency surgery putting together all the world experts on emergency surgery without restrictions or boundaries, in inclusivity, equality, and equal opportunities. This will be the year of innovations and WSES will assess the application of artificial intelligence technologies in emergency and trauma surgery.

Safety and effectiveness of REALIZE adjustable gastric band: 5-year prospective study.

Background: The long-term safety results of the REALIZE (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc., Cincinnati, OH) adjustable gastric band collected in this prospective, multicenter study in patients with morbid obesity are presented.

Objectives: To determine the reoperation rate, including band revisions, replacements, and explants, resulting from a serious adverse device-related event through years 4 and 5.

Binocular integration and stereopsis in children with television torticollis.

Background: To observe the characteristics of binocular integration and stereopsis in children with television torticollis.

Methods: A retrospective study was carried out, where data were collected from 25 children with television torticollis as the disease group after refractive error correction and 25 normal children as the control group. A virtual reality system was used to assess and analyze the characteristics of binocular integration by a contrast balance test and binocular stereopsis.

Trauma quality indicators: internationally approved core factors for trauma management quality evaluation.

Introduction: Quality in medical care must be measured in order to be improved. Trauma management is part of health care, and by definition, it must be checked constantly. The only way to measure quality and outcomes is to systematically accrue data and analyze them.

Basal Cell Carcinoma With Calcification: Case Report of Calcifying Basal Cell Carcinoma and Review of Calcinosis Cutis Associated With Basal Cell Carcinoma.

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common cutaneous neoplasm. Calcinosis cutis is the deposition of calcium within the dermis. An 80-year-old man presented with a pearly nodule on his left nasal ala; a shave biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of a nodular basal cell carcinoma with calcinosis cutis, which was removed with Mohs micrographic surgery.

Revision Surgery Rates After Minimally Invasive Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Correlation with Roussouly Spine Type at 2-Year Follow-Up?

Background: Spinopelvic parameters have hitherto dictated much of adult spinal deformity (ASD) correction. The Roussouly classification is used for the normal adult spine. We evaluated whether a correlation would be found between the Roussouly type and the rate of revision surgery in patients with ASD undergoing circumferential minimally invasive spinal (cMIS) correction.

The Study of Perceptual Eye Position Examination and Visual Perceptual Training in Postoperative Intermittent Exotropes.

The aim of this study was to investigate perceptual eye position (PEP) and to evaluate the effect of dichoptic visual perceptual training in postoperative intermittent exotropia [X(T)]. We enrolled 30 non-strabismus children (control group) and 54 postoperative X(T) children [divided into training group (33 patients) and non-training group (21 patients)]. All subjects received measurements of PEP, and the postoperative X(T) children were measured both in the third postoperative day and the third postoperative month.

Foveal macular pigment dip in offspring of age-related macular degeneration patients is inversely associated with omega-3 index.

Background: Offspring of parent(s) with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have a 45% lifetime risk of developing the disease. High foveal macular pigment optical density (MPOD) is protective, whereas individuals with a "foveal macular pigment dip" (FMPD) are at increased risk. Shortage of the dietary carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin as well as fish consumption are reported AMD risk factors.

American Association for the Surgery of Trauma-World Society of Emergency Surgery guidelines on diagnosis and management of abdominal vascular injuries.

Abdominal vascular trauma accounts for a small percentage of military and a moderate percentage of civilian trauma, affecting all age ranges and impacting young adult men most frequently. Penetrating causes are more frequent than blunt in adults, while blunt mechanisms are more common among pediatric populations. High rates of associated injuries, bleeding, and hemorrhagic shock ensure that, despite advances in both diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, immediate open surgical repair remains the mainstay of treatment for traumatic abdominal vascular injuries.

American Association for the Surgery of Trauma-World Society of Emergency Surgery guidelines on diagnosis and management of peripheral vascular injuries.

The peripheral arteries and veins of the extremities are among the most commonly injured vessels in both civilian and military vascular trauma. Blunt causes are more frequent than penetrating except during military conflicts and in certain geographic areas. Physical examination and simple bedside investigations of pulse pressures are key in early identification of these injuries.

Effects of a Clonidine Taper on Dexmedetomidine Use and Withdrawal in Adult Critically Ill Patients-A Pilot Study.

Objectives: Prolonged use of dexmedetomidine has become increasingly common due to its favorable sedative and anxiolytic properties. Hypersympathetic withdrawal symptoms have been reported with abrupt discontinuation of prolonged dexmedetomidine infusions. Clonidine has been used to transition patients off dexmedetomidine infusions for ICU sedation.

2020 World Society of Emergency Surgery updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute calculus cholecystitis.

Background: Acute calculus cholecystitis (ACC) has a high incidence in the general population. The presence of several areas of uncertainty, along with the availability of new evidence, prompted the current update of the 2016 WSES (World Society of Emergency Surgery) Guidelines on ACC.

Materials And Methods: The WSES president appointed four members as a scientific secretariat, four members as an organization committee and four members as a scientific committee, choosing them from the expert affiliates of WSES.

Tranexamic acid administration in the field does not affect admission thromboelastography after traumatic brain injury.

Background: No Food and Drug Administration-approved medication improves outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). A forthcoming clinical trial that evaluated the effects of two prehospital tranexamic acid (TXA) dosing strategies compared with placebo demonstrated no differences in thromboelastography (TEG) values. We proposed to explore the impact of TXA on markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with moderate to severe TBI.

Survey of current perspectives on consumer-available digital health devices for detecting atrial fibrillation.

Background: Many digital health technologies capable of atrial fibrillation (AF) detection are directly available to patients. However, adaptation into clinical practice by heart rhythm healthcare practitioners (HCPs) is unclear.

Objective: To examine HCP perspectives on use of commercial technologies for AF detection and management.

Non-Classic (Surrepticius) Scabies Presenting as Erythematous Painful Palmar Pustules in an Octagenarian.

Sarcoptes scabiei classically presents with pruritic burrows. In addition to finger and toe web lesions, the penis and scrotum of men, the breast and areola of women, and the buttocks and axillae of both gender are common locations for mite-associated lesions. Scabies surrepticius refers to mite-related lesions that are not classical in morphology and/or distribution; there are several subtypes of non-classic or atypical scabies.

Recommendations for Reporting on Rehabilitation Interventions.

Clear reporting on rehabilitation treatments is critical for interpreting and replicating study results and for translating treatment research into clinical practice. This article reports the recommendations of a working group on improved reporting on rehabilitation treatments. These recommendations are intended to be combined with the efforts of other working groups, through a consensus process, to arrive at a reporting guideline for randomized controlled trials in physical medicine and rehabilitation (Randomized Controlled Trials Rehabilitation Checklist).

Tinea Corporis Masquerading as a Diffuse Gyrate Erythema: Case Report and a Review of Annular Lesions Mimicking a Dermatophyte Skin Infection.

Tinea is a superficial fungal infection of the skin. Gyrate erythemas are reactive conditions that present as annular red lesions. A 61-year-old woman was diagnosed with tinea corporis whose skin lesions morphologically mimicked a gyrate erythema.

Mechanical failure of the Mobi-C implant for artificial cervical disc replacement: report of 4 cases.

Cervical spondylosis is one of the most commonly treated conditions in neurosurgery. Increasingly, cervical disc replacement (CDR) has become an alternative to traditional arthrodesis, particularly when treating younger patients. Thus, surgeons continue to gain a greater understanding of short- and long-term complications of arthroplasty.