237,236 results match your criteria: "Screening and Diagnostic Tests"

Background: Triglyceride glucose index(TyG) and a body shape index(ABSI) are both independent predictor of stroke incidence or adverse prognosis but these two indicators seldom were combined to predict. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the combination of TyG and ABSI better predict the incidence of stroke.

Methods: Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS), 8,257 people aged 45 years and older without stroke were enrolled and followed up to 9 years.

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Background: Changes in amyloid beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau brain levels are known to affect brain network organization but very little is known about how plasma markers can relate to these measures. We aimed to address the relationship between centrality network changes and two plasma pathology markers: phosphorylated tau at threonine 231 (p-tau231), a proxy for early Aβ change, and neurofilament light chain (Nfl), a marker of axonal degeneration.

Methods: One hundred and four cognitively unimpaired individuals were divided into a high pathology load (33 individuals; HP) group and a low pathology (71 individuals; LP) one.

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Background: This study aims to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA in intraocular fluid from clinically suspected tuberculous uveitis patients using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and investigate the diagnostic utility of multiplex PCR for tuberculous uveitis.

Methods: Primers targeting three specific genes (MPB64, CYP141, and IS6110) within the MTBC genome were designed. Multiplex PCR was conducted using DNA from the H37Rv strain as well as DNA extracted from fluids of confirmed tuberculosis patients to assess primer specificity and method feasibility.

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Background: Long-term endurance training is associated with structural, functional, and biochemical markers of cardiac dysfunction in highly trained athletes. Many studies have focused on structural changes in the right ventricle (RV) and few have examined functional adaptation of the right ventricle. This meta-analysis aims to compare the changes in right ventricular systolic function between endurance athletes and controls before and after exercise using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE).

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Pediatric cerebellar tumor survivors may present with spontaneous language impairments following treatment, but the nature of these impairments is still largely unclear. A recent study by Svaldi et al. (Cerebellum.

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Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is increasingly used as a clinical laboratory test and being applied to cancer treatment; however, standardization and external quality assessments (EQA) have not been fully developed. This study performed cost-effective EQA and proficiency tests (PT) for CGP testing among multiple institutions those belong to the EQA working group of Japan Association for Clinical Laboratory Science (JACLS). This study revealed that preanalytical processes, such as derived nucleic acids (NA) extraction from formalin fixed paraffine embedded (FFPE) samples, are critical.

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Patients with dementia with Lewy bodies display a signature alteration of their cognitive connectome.

Sci Rep

January 2025

Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Cognition plays a central role in the diagnosis and characterization of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). However, the complex associations among cognitive deficits in different domains in DLB are largely unknown. To characterize these associations, we investigated and compared the cognitive connectome of DLB patients, healthy controls (HC), and Alzheimer's disease patients (AD).

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The association between the healthy lifestyle index and MRI-derived body composition measurements in the UK Biobank study.

Sci Rep

January 2025

Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Belfer, Rm1301, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.

A high healthy lifestyle index (HLI) score, which reflects an adequate amount of sleep, no alcohol consumption, no smoking, a moderate to high physical activity level, a high quality diet, and a normal body mass index (BMI), has been associated with reduced risk of morbidity and mortality. We examined the relationship between the HLI and measurements of adipose and lean tissue volumes measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We studied 33,002 participants in the UK Biobank study, aged 40-69 years at enrolment.

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Rapid antigen diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) that quickly and accurately identify SARS-CoV-2 are an essential part of the COVID-19 response, but multiple factors can affect the validity of Ag-RDTs results. In Cambodia, several commercial Ag-RDTs have become available since the COVID-19 outbreak, but quality control (QC) and external quality assurance (EQA) of these rapid tests have yet to be fully and systematically implemented. We collaborated with laboratory experts in Australia and piloted an EQA programme of the commonly used COVID-19 Ag-RDTs at the University of Health Sciences' MERIEUX Laboratory (Tier 1 site-responsible for the in-country receipt and distribution of QA material) and four other participating laboratories (Tier 2-healthcare facility based) between November 2021 and November 2022.

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Introduction: wrist ligament injuries and triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) lesions are common but often underdiagnosed conditions causing chronic wrist pain. The diagnostic challenge necessitates a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies, and arthroscopy, considered the gold standard. Ligament injuries, particularly scapholunate ligament (SL), and TFCC lesions account for significant wrist instability and ulnar-sided wrist pain, respectively.

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Objective: To compare the diagnostic value of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) by a method of meta-analysis.

Methods: Studies on TVS and MRI for CSP were collected from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang data, and Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP database) until April 1, 2024. Stata 15.

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Understanding pediatric cervicofacial non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection.

JAAPA

January 2025

Eunice Im is a student in the College of Human Medicine at Michigan State University in Grand Rapids, Mich. Erin Gawel is a student in the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo in Buffalo, N.Y. Alyson Coppola practices at the University at Buffalo Otolaryngology in Williamsville, N.Y. Michele Carr is a professor in the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

Cervicofacial non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection should be a part of the differential diagnosis for immunocompetent children ages 1 to 5 years who present with painless submandibular or preauricular lymphadenopathy. Although a benign and self-limiting disease, patients can develop a chronically draining fistula if not diagnosed and treated promptly. The diagnostic process can be managed with a combination of microbiological studies, cytology, laboratory tests, and imaging studies.

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Advancing Parkinson's diagnosis: seed amplification assay for α-synuclein detection in minimally invasive samples.

Mol Cell Biochem

January 2025

Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Center for Biomedicine, Universidad Mayor, Avenida Alemania 0281, 4780000, Temuco, La Araucanía, Chile.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, beginning with early loss of dopaminergic neurons in the ventrolateral substantia nigra and advancing to broader neurodegeneration in the midbrain. The clinical heterogeneity of PD and the lack of specific diagnostic tests present significant challenges, highlighting the need for reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis. Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn), a protein aggregating into Lewy bodies and neurites in PD patients, has emerged as a key biomarker due to its central role in PD pathophysiology and potential to reflect pathological processes.

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Article Synopsis
  • The systematic review investigates the effectiveness and cost benefits of a selective histopathology approach for cancer detection, rather than the usual routine analysis of surgical specimens.
  • It analyzed data from 11 studies involving over 26,000 patients who underwent various surgical procedures, identifying a low rate of cancer diagnoses but noting substantial cost savings.
  • The conclusion emphasizes that while this selective method doesn’t significantly increase missed cancer diagnoses, there are concerns regarding legal protections for surgeons who opt out of routine histopathological analysis.
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Article Synopsis
  • Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) and X-linked protoporphyria (XLP) are rare genetic disorders that lack comprehensive management data, prompting a study of their characteristics and treatment in real-world U.S. settings.
  • The study reviewed medical records of 299 EPP and 91 XLP patients, revealing a mean diagnosis delay of 2.9 years and highlighting common pre-diagnostic tests and lifestyle recommendations.
  • Findings indicated a significant number of healthcare visits post-diagnosis and identified unmet needs, such as the need for quicker diagnoses, effective symptom relief, and better prevention of phototoxic reactions.
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Objective: To compare the demographic and clinical profiles of oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) diagnosed at a reference center in Southern Brazil from 2010 to 2019.

Methods: This retrospective study included 117 cases of suspected OLP submitted for biopsy. Investigated variables comprised sociodemographic profiles, medical history, harmful habits, clinical characteristics, and histopathological features.

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Oral cancer is responsible for increased mortality, especially in the Indian subcontinent. Habits like smoking and tobacco chewing are among the most common causes of oral cancer. Previously, these habits were seen mainly in the elderly; however, the trends have seemed to increase in the younger generation.

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Synchronous Acute Appendicitis and Cholecystitis.

CRSLS

January 2025

Department of Surgery, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (Drs. Aljunaydil, Mattar, Almufawaz, AlOthman, and Alalem).

Article Synopsis
  • Acute appendicitis and acute cholecystitis often occur together, and surgical management is effective for both conditions when they present simultaneously.
  • A 30-year-old female patient presented with abdominal pain and underwent imaging that confirmed the diagnoses, leading to a successful surgical intervention combining cholecystectomy and appendectomy.
  • The case underscores the importance of recognizing the possibility of both conditions occurring together and utilizing established management guidelines for effective treatment.
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Background: PCR and culture tests are used together to confirm the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB). Due to the long culture period, if the PCR test is negative, it takes a significant amount of time for the culture result to be available. Interferon- release assays (IGRAs), which are widely used to diagnose TB or latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), cannot effectively discriminate TB from LTBI.

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Electrocardiogram Interpretation Competency Among Emergency Nurses in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res

November 2024

Department of Child and Maternal Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan.

Background: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is considered one of the most frequently carried out diagnostic tests in emergency rooms. To develop and refine the competencies of emergency nurses, it becomes imperative to assess the current level of knowledge and practice among nurses regarding ECG and other diagnostic tests. The study aimed to assess the ECG interpretation competency and its associated factors among emergency nurses in Jordan.

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Background infection (CDI) is a significant healthcare concern, marked by its rising prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality. However, there is limited data on the epidemiology of CDI in the eastern region of India. Objectives The study aims to determine the incidence of CDI among adult patients admitted to the inpatient department of a tertiary care hospital and identify the risk factors associated with CDI.

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Background: In small cell lung cancer (SCLC), limiting the radiation dose in the hippocampus area during preventive cranial irradiation (PCI) can reduce nerve injury and cognitive decline. This study was done to compare changes in cognitive functions between hippocampal-protected (3D-H) and non-hippocampal-protected (3D) patients during PCI.

Materials And Methods: the study group included 113 patients with SCLC qualified to PCI divided in two subgroups: 3D-H (n = 74) and 3D (n = 39).

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Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Viremia in an Immunocompromised Patient.

J Med Cases

January 2025

Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmo, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.

Immunocompromised patients, especially those receiving B-cell depleting therapies, are at risk for developing atypical presentation with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, with the potential for diagnostic delay and adverse outcomes if such delay occurs. A 66-year-old female with history of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) with previous pulmonary involvement, treated with rituximab and low-dose prednisolone, presented with prolonged fever and cough after having been treated at home for a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in early July 2023. The patient had a prolonged course over several months with constitutional symptoms such as fever, cough and malaise.

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Article Synopsis
  • Vulval cancers are rare, constituting only 0.25% of global cancer cases, and the COVID-19 pandemic worsened the situation by complicating proper investigations and treatment follow-ups.
  • During the pandemic, 20 non-metastatic carcinoma vulva patients underwent individualized surgeries, with follow-ups conducted every two months, adapting procedures to COVID-related challenges.
  • Results showed 85% disease-free survival at 18 months, comparable to pre-pandemic outcomes, suggesting that cancer surgery and care can be effectively managed even during significant health crises.
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Article Synopsis
  • Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a significant cause of infections in neonates and pregnant women, with Japan implementing guidelines for screening and antibiotic use, yet infections have not decreased significantly.
  • Approximately 15% of pregnant women lack GBS screening, and issues like intermittent colonization lead to early-onset disease; current preventative measures don't address increasing cases of late-onset disease.
  • This study found that using polymerase chain reaction for GBS detection was more effective than culture methods, highlighted the risk of horizontal transmission, and emphasized the need for better diagnostic tools and potential maternal vaccination for prevention.
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