Representation and Race in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Research: Disparities in Curve Magnitude and Follow-Up.

Study Design: Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: The present study aims to determine if the racial representation of patients enrolled in a large prospective scoliosis registry is reflective of the general United States population. Further, we studied whether there was an association between race, pre-operative parameters, outcomes and loss to follow-up.

Best Practice Guidelines for Surgical Site Infection in High-risk Pediatric Spine Surgery: Definition, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Background: Prior "best practice guidelines" (BPG) have identified strategies to reduce the risk of acute deep surgical site infection (SSI), but there still exists large variability in practice. Further, there is still no consensus on which patients are "high risk" for SSI and how SSI should be diagnosed or treated in pediatric spine surgery. We sought to develop an updated, consensus-based BPG informed by available literature and expert opinion on defining high-SSI risk in pediatric spine surgery and on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of SSI in this high-risk population.

Pilot study comparing the childhood arthritis and rheumatology research alliance consensus treatment plans for induction therapy of juvenile proliferative lupus nephritis.

Background: To reduce treatment variability and facilitate comparative effectiveness studies, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) published consensus treatment plans (CTPs) including one for juvenile proliferative lupus nephritis (LN). Induction immunosuppression CTPs outline treatment with either monthly intravenous (IV) cyclophosphamide (CYC) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in conjunction with one of three corticosteroid (steroid) CTPs: primarily oral, primarily IV or mixed oral/IV. The acceptability and in-practice use of these CTPs are unknown.

Posttraumatic Proximal Radioulnar Synostosis after Closed Reduction for a Radial Neck and Olecranon Fracture.

Posttraumatic proximal radioulnar synostosis (PPRUS) is a severe complication of radial head and neck fractures known to occur after severe injury or operative fixation. Cases of PPRUS occurring after minimally displaced, nonoperatively treated radial neck injuries are, by contrast, extremely rare. Here, we present a pediatric case of PPRUS that developed after a nonoperatively treated minimally displaced radial neck fracture with concomitant olecranon fracture.

Emergency Department Return Visits Resulting in Admission: Do They Reflect Quality of Care?

Prior studies have suggested that emergency department (ED) return visits resulting in admission may be a more robust quality indicator than all 72-hour returns. The objective was to evaluate factors that contribute to admission within 72 hours of ED discharge. Each return visit resulting in admission was independently reviewed by 3 physicians.

Strabismus precipitated by monovision.

Purpose: To present patients who had the onset of strabismus or the recurrence of strabismus after converting to a monovision system of seeing.

Design: Retrospective interventional case series.

Methods: Clinical records of 12 patients from the private practice of the corresponding author of this paper (Z.

Results and complications in 66 cases using a silicone tendon expander on overacting superior obliques with A- pattern anisotropias.

Purpose: To supplement limited reports in the literature of the results (outcome)and complications of this procedure with our own recent experience.

Methods: A total of 66 patients with bilateral overaction of the superior oblique and A-pattern strabismus plus 5 patients with a unilateral overacting superior oblique secondary to inferior oblique palsy were treated with a 7 mm silicone expander.

Results: The fist group of 66 patients had an average preoperative A-pattern of 39.

Achieving success with the silicone expander for overacting superior obliques.

Purpose: To report the results of and complications with silicone expander surgery for the overacting superior oblique.

Methods: A total of 26 patients with bilateral overaction of the superior oblique and A-pattern strabismus and 5 patients with unilateral overacting superior oblique secondary to inferior oblique palsy were treated with a 7 mm silicone expander. Care was taken not to enter the sub-Tenon's space.

Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous: diagnosis, treatment and results.

While the great majority of patients with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous never obtain useful vision, it is encouraging that 18.07% of all the patients in this series did achieve 20/200 vision or better (Table V). In the whole group, 12 of 83, or 14.

Acute rectus muscle palsy in children as a result of orbital myositis.

Objective: Acute rectus muscle palsy caused by orbital myositis is often confused with infectious orbital cellulitis. The purpose of this article is to clarify the former condition by explaining how it is manifested and treated.

Methods: The seven children less than age 11 years in this study were examined after having an acute onset of ocular pain.

Metopic synostosis: evaluation of aesthetic results.

Analysis of intermediate- and long-term results of surgical treatment of metopic synostosis is lacking. We therefore retrospectively studied 23 patients with metopic synostosis (14 males, 9 females) who have been followed from 3 months to 8.1 years (mean 42.

Surgical techniques of cranial vault expansion for increases in intracranial pressure in older children.

Standard craniofacial techniques to expand the cranial vault were successful in treating elevations of intracranial pressure (ICP) in 7 older children. Of the 7 patients, a diagnosis of craniosynostosis was made in 6 and deformational head deformity with slit ventricle syndrome in 1. There were 5 boys and 2 girls, whose ages ranged from 3 1/2 to 8 years (mean, 5.

Diagnosis and treatment of inferior oblique palsy.

We present the work-up and treatment for 25 patients with inferior oblique palsy, including 2 with bilateral inferior oblique palsy and 23 with unilateral inferior oblique palsy. Nineteen patients were adults over the age of 21 years, and six were children under the age of 10 years. Sixteen adults and two children underwent CT scanning of the head.

Treatment of acute dacryocystitis in neonates.

Twenty-five newborns with acute dacryocystitis underwent probing of the nasolacrimal duct. All had a resolution of the acute dacryocystitis. Only one continued to have epiphora and had to undergo a subsequent probing with silicone intubation at 9 months of age.

Results of treatment of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.

The records of 48 patients with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) were reviewed. Approximately 17% had vision of 20/100 or better after surgery, contact lens fitting, and amblyopia therapy. Only eyes with a purely anterior presentation had successful visual outcomes.

Os odontoideum detected on a lateral cephalogram of a 9-year-old orthodontic patient.

A 9-year-old girl was seen for routine orthodontic care. The lateral cephalogram revealed an irregularity, os odontoideum, of the second cervical vertebra. The patient was referred to a pediatric orthopedist, and subsequent surgical correction was accomplished without complications.

Accommodative esotropia after ocular and head injury.

Five children lost their ability for motor fusion after traumatic injury to either the eye or head. All patients had the onset of accommodative esotropia within two months of the traumatic episode. The ocular alignment of each child was controlled by the use of spectacles that corrected the accommodative requirements.

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis: a model with trauma as an etiology.

The etiology of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) remains unknown, and the disease has no laboratory model. We describe an AHO model in the rabbit which resembles the human disease. The model was developed on the premise that previous attempts had omitted an essential etiologic factor other than the bacteria.

Pitfalls of the lateral retinacular release.

The treatment of patellofemoral pain is fraught with pitfalls; however, most of these pitfalls can be recognized. Results of LRR in appropriate circumstances are reasonably good, and the complications are acceptably low. Risk factors for poor results are identifiable, and avoidance of the common complications are necessary to achieve reliable results.

Bone and joint infection in the neonate.

Bone and joint infections during the neonatal period differ from those in the older child. Neonates are relatively immunocompromised and their growth plate is pierced by blood vessels. Special characteristics of skeletal infection in the neonate are: (1) multiple foci of infection; (2) simultaneous involvement of the bone and the adjacent joint; and (3) limited systemic and local inflammatory response.

Asystole due to the oculocardiac reflex during strabismus surgery: a report of two cases.

The oculocardiac reflex is a well-known entity which may result in vagal depression of the heart when pressure is placed on the eyeball or when traction is applied to the extraocular muscles. Bradycardia is, by far, the most common cardiac response to these stimuli. We report two cases of ten-second episodes of asystole during traction on the medial rectus muscle as a reminder to ophthalmologists and anesthesiologists alike that this complication can and does occur during strabismus surgery.

Bilateral superior oblique muscle palsy associated with Apert's syndrome.

Eleven children had Apert's syndrome and bilateral superior oblique muscle palsy. Of seven patients who underwent surgical exploration of the superior oblique muscle area, five had no superior oblique tendon in either eye and two had only a small fibrous band as a remnant in each eye. All 11 patients had a significant horizontal deviation in primary gaze and downgaze, in addition to a vertical imbalance.