Single unit-derived connectivity networks in tuberous sclerosis complex reveal propensity for network hypersynchrony driven by tuber-tuber interactions.

Network hypersynchrony is emerging as an important system-level mechanism underlying seizures, as well as cognitive and behavioural impairments, in children with structural brain abnormalities. We investigated patterns of single neuron action potential behaviour in 206 neurons recorded from tubers, transmantle tails of tubers and normal looking cortex in 3 children with tuberous sclerosis. The patterns of neuronal firing on a neuron-by-neuron (autocorrelation) basis did not reveal any differences as a function of anatomy.

Site-specific seeding of Lewy pathology induces distinct pre-motor cellular and dendritic vulnerabilities in the cortex.

Circuit-based biomarkers distinguishing the gradual progression of Lewy pathology across synucleinopathies remain unknown. Here, we show that seeding of α-synuclein preformed fibrils in mouse dorsal striatum and motor cortex leads to distinct prodromal-phase cortical dysfunction across months. Our findings reveal that while both seeding sites had increased cortical pathology and hyperexcitability, distinct differences in electrophysiological and cellular ensemble patterns were crucial in distinguishing pathology spread between the two seeding sites.

Current and Historical Resource Nitrogen Supply Affects the Eco-Physiological Traits and the Ionome of a Diazotrophic Cyanobacterium.

Diazotrophic cyanobacteria can overcome nitrogen (N)-limitation by fixing atmospheric N; however, this increases their energetic, iron, molybdenum, and boron costs. It is unknown how current and historic N-supplies affect cyanobacterial elemental physiology beyond increasing demands for elements involved in N-fixation. Here, we examined the changes in pigment concentrations, N-storage, and the ionome (i.

Adolescent circadian rhythm disruption increases reward and risk-taking.

Introduction: Circadian rhythm disturbances have long been associated with the development of psychiatric disorders, including mood and substance use disorders. Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable time for the onset of psychiatric disorders and for circadian rhythm and sleep disruptions. Preclinical studies have found that circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) impacts the brain and behavior, but this research is largely focused on adult disruptions.

Pressure-improved Scott-Vogelius type elements.

The Scott-Vogelius element is a popular finite element for the discretization of the Stokes equations which enjoys inf-sup stability and gives divergence-free velocity approximations. However, it is well known that the convergence rates for the discrete pressure deteriorate in the presence of certain in a triangulation of the domain. Modifications of the Scott-Vogelius element such as the recently introduced pressure-wired Stokes element also suffer from this effect.

Social context modulates active avoidance: Contributions of the anterior cingulate cortex in male and female rats.

Actively avoiding danger is necessary for survival. Most research on active avoidance has focused on the behavioral and neurobiological processes when individuals learn to avoid alone, within a solitary context. Therefore, little is known about how social context affects active avoidance.

Weight discrimination partially mediates the longitudinal relationship between Body Mass Index and pain.

Pain is common among individuals with high Body Mass Index (BMI). This study investigated weight discrimination as a mediator of the longitudinal relationship between BMI and the presence of moderate/severe pain among adults from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) cohort. ELSA is a longitudinal study of middle-aged and older adults living in England.

CME preferences and perspectives among practicing radiologists.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate radiologists' perspectives regarding American Medical Association Category 1 Continuing Medical Education (Cat-1 CME) activities in private practice (PP) and teleradiology (TR), as well as American Board of Radiology Maintenance of Certification (ABR MOC) program participation status.

Materials And Methods: An electronic survey informed by existing literature regarding physician Cat-1 CME use and opinions was distributed via email to a national radiology practice. The survey was open for seventeen days in 2023, with a single reminder.

Variability in Notification of Positive Newborn Screening Results for Sickle Cell Trait Across the United States.

Universal in the United States (US) since 2006, newborn screening (NBS) programs for sickle cell disease (SCD) allow for early identification of the disease and, as an unintentional byproduct, identification of sickle cell trait (SCT). Unlike other carrier states, SCT is highly prevalent and is found in nearly 3 million Americans, which results in important reproductive implications. Currently, all NBS programs in the US are responsible for their own policies regarding SCT notification, and little is known about how SCT notification practices are performed and how these practices vary across NBS programs.

Combined Solid Organ Transplant and Transfusion-Associated Graft-Versus-Host Disease in a Lung Transplant Recipient: An Uncertain Culprit With Lethal Complications.

Although graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, it is rare after solid organ transplantation (SOT) or blood transfusion. We present a rare case of SOT-derived and/or transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) in a 66-year-old man with interstitial lung disease who underwent bilateral lung transplantation (LT) from a 12-year-old female donor and required three units of packed red blood cells intraoperatively. He presented with signs and symptoms consistent with GVHD, and a bone marrow biopsy revealed an XX karyotype.

Facial Contouring Through Jaw Exercises: A Report of Two Cases Examining Efficacy and Consumer Expectations.

This study examines the efficacy of jaw exercising products for facial contouring. The two individuals used a commercially available jaw exerciser for approximately three months, following the provided instructions. Neither case reported noticeable changes in jaw appearance based on subjective measurements.

Polygenic score distribution differences across European ancestry populations: implications for breast cancer risk prediction.

Background: The 313-variant polygenic risk score (PRS) provides a promising tool for clinical breast cancer risk prediction. However, evaluation of the PRS across different European populations which could influence risk estimation has not been performed.

Methods: We explored the distribution of PRS across European populations using genotype data from 94,072 females without breast cancer diagnosis, of European-ancestry from 21 countries participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and 223,316 females without breast cancer diagnosis from the UK Biobank.

Gas transport mechanisms during high-frequency ventilation.

By virtue of applying small tidal volumes, high-frequency ventilation is advocated as a method of minimizing ventilator-induced lung injury. Lung protective benefits are established in infants, but not in other patient cohorts. Efforts to improve and extend the lung protection potential should consider how fundamental modes of gas transport can be exploited to minimize harmful tidal volumes while maintaining or improving ventilation.

Evaluation of population immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, EG.5.1, FY.4, BA.2.86, JN.1, JN.1.4, and KP.3.1.1 using samples from two health demographic surveillance systems in Kenya.

Increased immune evasion by emerging and highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variants is a key challenge to the control of COVID-19. The majority of these mutations mainly target the spike protein, allowing the new variants to escape the immunity previously raised by vaccination and/or infection by earlier variants of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we investigated the neutralizing capacity of antibodies against emerging variants of interest circulating between May 2023 and October 2024 using sera from representative samples of the Kenyan population.

Economic hardships during COVID-19 and maternal mental health: Combining samples with low incomes across three cities.

The COVID-19 pandemic increased maternal depression and anxiety, imperiling both mothers' own wellbeing and that of their children. To date, however, little is known about the extent to which these increases are attributable to economic hardships commonly experienced during the pandemic: income loss, job loss, and loss of health insurance. Few studies have examined the individual impacts of these hardships, and none have lasted beyond the first year of the pandemic.

Positive deviance/hearth intervention in collaboration between academia and NGOs: a realist evaluation.

Numerous NGOs and donors from high-income countries (HICs) offer diverse funding to assist LMICs. A collaborative effort in nutrition programs in urban communities was conducted by an international NGO with a local university, representing the NGO's first mode of partnership with academia. This study used realist evaluation to understand how and why Positive Deviance/Hearth intervention conducted by NGOs collaborated with university work or failed to work in urban population.

Male and female behavioral variability and morphine response in C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and their BXD progeny following chronic stress exposure.

Drug addiction is a multifactorial syndrome in which genetic predispositions and exposure to environmental stressors constitute major risk factors for the early onset, escalation, and relapse of addictive behaviors. While it is well known that stress plays a key role in drug addiction, the genetic factors that make certain individuals particularly sensitive to stress and, thereby, more vulnerable to becoming addicted are unknown. In an effort to test a complex set of gene x environment interactions-specifically gene x chronic stress-here we leveraged a systems genetics resource: BXD recombinant inbred mice (BXD5, BXD8, BXD14, BXD22, BXD29, and BXD32) and their parental mouse lines, C57BL/6J and DBA/2J.

The Financial Burden of Localized and Metastatic Bladder Cancer.

Background And Objective: Bladder cancer (BCa) imposes a substantial economic burden on health care systems and patients. Understanding these financial implications is crucial for effective resource allocation and optimization of treatment cost effectiveness. Here, we aim to systematically review and analyze the financial burden of BCa from the health care and patient perspectives.

Family adversity and co-occurring pain, psychological, and somatic symptom trajectories from late childhood through early adolescence.

This study examined the relative impact of earlier versus proximal childhood exposures to family adversities (parental health problems, family conflict, financial hardship, abuse, violence) and supportive caregiving (warm and supportive parenting behaviors) on youths' symptom trajectories across early adolescence. We used parent-reported survey data to differentiate co-occurring Pain, Psychological, and Somatic Symptom (Pain-PSS) trajectories among youth in the longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® (2016-2022). Family adversities and supportive caregiving were derived from youth and parent surveys and coded as occurring earlier (by age 9-11yrs; baseline) or proximally (occurring during study follow-up years 1-4; by age 11-15yrs).

Chemoimmunotherapy-Resistant Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia Managed With I-125 Brachytherapy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the management of chemoimmunotherapy-resistant ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) with iodine-125 (I-125) brachytherapy.

Methods: A 36-year-old man presented to the clinic with biopsy-proven OSSN that covered ∼70% of the corneal surface and extended to the 6 o'clock position of the inferior limbus of the OS. The visual acuity was 20/20 in the OD and 20/40 in the affected OS.

A Systematic Review on the Impact of Vaccination for Respiratory Disease on Antibody Titer Responses, Health, and Performance in Beef and Dairy Cattle.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease complex commonly affecting beef and dairy operations. Vaccination against major BRD-related pathogens is routinely performed for disease prevention; however, uniform reporting of health and performance outcomes is infrequent. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of commercially available BRD-pathogen vaccination on titer response with respect to health or performance in beef and dairy cattle.

Impact of the clinically approved BTK inhibitors on the conformation of full-length BTK and analysis of the development of BTK resistance mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) has proven to be highly effective in the treatment of B-cell malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), autoimmune disorders, and multiple sclerosis. Since the approval of the first BTK inhibitor (BTKi), Ibrutinib, several other inhibitors including Acalabrutinib, Zanubrutinib, Tirabrutinib, and Pirtobrutinib have been clinically approved. All are covalent active site inhibitors, with the exception of the reversible active site inhibitor Pirtobrutinib.

High-quality draft genomes of ecologically and geographically diverse species.

is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi with ecological, ethnomycological, and clinical importance due to psilocybin production by most species. We present five genomes that enable deeper discovery and analysis of the psilocybin gene cluster and increase taxonomic resolution within : , nom. prov.

Venous Endothelial Cell Transcriptomic Profiling Implicates METAP1 in Preeclampsia.

Background: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy characterized by systemic endothelial dysfunction. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia remains incompletely understood. This study used human venous endothelial cell (EC) transcriptional profiling to investigate potential novel mechanisms underlying EC dysfunction in preeclampsia.