Preclinical models of soft tissue sarcomas - generation and applications to enhance translational research.

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) represent a large group of rare and ultra-rare tumors distinguished by unique morphological, molecular and clinical features. Patients with such rare cancers are generally underrepresented in clinical trials which has limited the introduction of new treatment options and subsequent improvement of patient outcomes. Preclinical models of STS that recapitulate the human disease can aid progress in identifying new effective treatments.

Mucosal immunity elicited by a human-Fcγ receptor-I targeted intranasal vaccine platform enhances resistance against nasopharyngeal colonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae and induces broadly protective immunity against respiratory pathogens.

The development of safe and effective mucosal vaccines are hampered by safety concerns associated with adjuvants or live attenuated microbes. We previously demonstrated that targeting antigens to the human-Fc-gamma-receptor-I (hFcγRI) eliminates the need for adjuvants, thereby mitigating safety concerns associated with the mucosal delivery of adjuvant formulated vaccines. Here we evaluated the role of the route of immunization in the mucosal immunity elicited by the hFcγRI-targeted vaccine approach.

Used economy market insight: Sailboat industry pricing mechanism and regional effects.

With the popularity of circular economy around the world, transactions in the second-hand sailboat market are extremely active. Determining pricing strategies and exploring their regional effects is a blank area of existing research and has important practical and statistical significance. Therefore, this article uses the random forest model and XGBoost algorithm to identify core price indicators, and uses an innovative rolling NAR dynamic neural network model to simulate and predict second-hand sailboat price data.

Has COVID-19 affected the publication productivity of neurosurgeons in UK and Republic of Ireland? A bibliometric analysis.

Background: Our aim was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the publication productivity of neurosurgeons in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland.

Methods: Using bibliometric data we quantified and analysed the academic output of neurosurgeons in England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales, and the Republic of Ireland, between two time periods i.e.

Genomic Insights Into Red Squirrels in Scotland Reveal Loss of Heterozygosity Associated With Extreme Founder Effects.

Remnant populations of endangered species often have complex demographic histories associated with human impact. This can present challenges for conservation as populations modified by human activity may require bespoke management. The Eurasian red squirrel, (L.

Large-scale evaluation of outcomes after a genetic diagnosis in children with severe developmental disorders.

Purpose: We sought to evaluate outcomes for clinical management after a genetic diagnosis from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study.

Methods: Individuals in the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study who had a pathogenic/likely pathogenic genotype in the DECIPHER database were selected for inclusion ( = 5010). Clinical notes from regional clinical genetics services notes were reviewed to assess predefined clinical outcomes relating to interventions, prenatal choices, and information provision.

PROTOCOL: Non-criminal justice interventions for countering cognitive and behavioural radicalisation amongst children and adolescents: A systematic review of effectiveness and implementation.

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. (1) Examine whether secondary and tertiary interventions delivered outside of the criminal justice system are effective at countering the cognitive and behavioural radicalisation of children and adolescents by synthesising evidence relating to relevant primary and secondary outcomes of effectiveness.

Clinical Relevance of 'Cap' and 'Track' Development after Recent Small Subcortical Infarct.

Objective: After a recent small subcortical infarct (RSSI), some patients develop perilesional or remote hyperintensities ('caps/tracks') to the index infarct on T2/FLAIR MRI. However, their clinical relevance remains unclear. We investigated the clinicoradiological correlates of 'caps/tracks', and their impact on long-term outcomes following RSSI.

Piloting of a Decision Aid for Recurrent Tonsillitis.

Objective: Currently, there is no adult-specific decision aid (DA) to support decision-making regarding recurrent tonsillitis. This study intends to address this gap by piloting a prototype DA.

Design: Randomised clinical trial.

Nutrient use and methane emissions in growing beef fed different protein sources and a pasture-based diet.

This study investigated the effects of different protein sources on feed intake, nutrient, and energy utilization, growth performance, and enteric methane (CH4) emissions in growing beef cattle, also evaluated against a pasture-based diet. Thirty-two Holstein × Angus growing beef were allocated to four dietary treatments: a total mixed ration (TMR) including solvent-extracted soybean meal as the main protein source (SB; n = 8), TMR with local brewers' spent grains (BSG; n = 8), TMR with local field beans (BNS; n = 8), and a diet consisting solely of fresh-cut Italian ryegrass (GRA; n = 8). Every four weeks, animals were moved to digestibility stalls within respiration chambers to measure nutrient intakes, energy and nitrogen (N) utilization, and enteric CH4 emissions.

E-Cadherin-Mediated Cell-Cell Adhesion and Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer.

E-cadherin is a transmembrane protein and central component of adherens junctions (AJs). The extracellular domain of E-cadherin forms homotypic interactions with E-cadherin on adjacent cells, facilitating the formation of cell-cell adhesions, known as AJs, between neighbouring cells. The intracellular domain of E-cadherin interacts with α-, β- and p120-catenins, linking the AJs to the actin cytoskeleton.

Prevalence of osteoporosis and associated factors among Chinese adults: a systematic review and modelling study.

Background: Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease of bone metabolism. The epidemiology of osteoporosis varies by age, sex, and geography. There is a lack of information on the prevalence of osteoporosis among Chinese adults.

Tracking Persistent Symptoms in Scotland (TraPSS): a longitudinal prospective cohort study of COVID-19 recovery after mild acute infection.

Background: COVID-19 disease results in disparate responses between individuals and has led to the emergence of long coronavirus disease (Long-COVID), characterised by persistent and cyclical symptomology. To understand the complexity of Long-COVID, the importance of symptom surveillance and prospective longitudinal studies is evident.

Methods: A 9-month longitudinal prospective cohort study was conducted within Scotland (n=287), using a mobile app to determine the proportion of recovered individuals and those with persistent symptoms and common symptoms, and associations with gender and age.

Antimicrobial resistance profiles and molecular epidemiology of isolates from Scottish bovine mastitis cases.

are opportunistic pathogens which can cause mastitis in dairy cattle. mastitis often has a poor cure rate and can lead to the development of chronic infection, which has an impact on both health and production. However, there are few studies which aim to fully characterize by whole-genome sequencing from bovine mastitis cases.

Updating the Scottish national cardiovascular risk score: ASSIGN version 2.0.

Background: The Assessing cardiovascular risk using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (ASSIGN) risk score, developed in 2006, is used in Scotland for estimating the 10-year risk of first atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Rates of ASCVD are decreasing, and an update is required. This study aimed to recalibrate ASSIGN (V.

Trends in human parainfluenza virus in Scotland before and after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, January 2017 to October 2023.

BackgroundHuman parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) commonly cause upper respiratory tract infections, with potential for severe lower respiratory complications. Understanding seasonal increases informs strategies to prevent HPIV spreading.AimWe examined the impact of COVID-19 on HPIV epidemiological and clinical patterns in Scotland using non-sentinel and sentinel surveillance data.

Insights into pathologic mechanisms occurring during serious adverse events following live zoster vaccination.

An effective live zoster vaccine has been widely used around the world. Although no deaths occurred in the original large clinical trial, we analyzed 10 serious adverse events, including six deaths that have subsequently occurred in four countries. The goal is to define the viral pathogenesis of these unexpected adverse events secondary to a viremia with dissemination of the vaccine virus.

What happens when you turn weed management off? A long-term appraisal of the effectiveness of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) kuhn control treatments and the role of sheep grazing.

Long-term strategies are needed for the ecological restoration of land invaded by perennial weed species comprising of two parts: (1) control of the invasive species and (2) restoration of native vegetation meeting agricultural/conservation objectives. We investigated this within a statistically-rigorous, 28-year experiment at a site where Pteridium aquilinum had invaded an acid-grass/heathland. Where P.

Trauma, coping, and adjustment when parenting a child with Dravet syndrome.

Objectives: Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy that requires significant caregiver input across the lifespan. This predominantly falls on parents, who are faced with considerable challenges including physical demands, financial burdens, and sustained pressure on mental wellbeing leading to mental health difficulties. We aimed to develop a grounded theory model for the process of coping and adjustment that occurs when caring for a child who has a diagnosis of DS.

Field testing of recombinant subunit vaccines against in lambing ewes demonstrates a lack of efficacy in the face of a multi-species parasite challenge.

Introduction: We previously demonstrated efficacy of an 8-antigen recombinant subunit vaccine against a single species homologous challenge in lambs and in lambing ewes in pen trials. We subsequently demonstrated efficacy of a simplified, 2-antigen, version of this vaccine in lambs in pen trials. Here, we test both vaccines in lambing ewes in a field setting.

Promotion of Cardiovascular Health in Africa: The Alliance for Medical Research in Africa (AMedRA) Expert Panel.

This proposed scientific statement is focused on providing new insights regarding challenges and opportunities for cardiovascular health (CVH) promotion in Africa. The statement includes an overview of the current state of CVH in Africa, with a particular interest in the cardiometabolic risk factors and their evaluation through metrics. The statement also explains the main principles of primordial prevention, its relevance in reducing noncommunicable disease and the different strategies that have been effective worldwide.

Critical care services in Bagmati province of Nepal: A cross sectional survey.

Background: This study aimed to assess the current status of critical care services in 13 districts of Bagmati Province in Nepal, with a focus on access, infrastructure, human resources, and intensive care unit (ICU) services.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare workers employed in 87 hospitals having medical/surgical ICUs across Bagmati Province. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered via face-to-face and telephone interviews.

Morphological change in an isolated population of red squirrels () in Britain.

The mechanical properties of dietary items are known to influence skull morphology, either through evolution or by phenotypic plasticity. Here, we investigated the impact of supplementary feeding of peanuts on the morphology of red squirrels () from five populations in Britain (North Scotland, Borders, Jersey and two temporally distinct populations from Formby (Merseyside)). Stable isotope analysis confirmed dietary ecology in 58 specimens.

A survey of Scottish Committee for Orthopaedics and Trauma members on lower limb joint replacement practices in morbidly obese patients.

Background: Scotland has one of the highest rates of obesity in the developed world which increases risk of lower limb osteoarthritis resulting in total joint arthroplasty (TJA). This paper aimed to investigate (1) current practice of orthopaedic consultants in Scotland in managing end-stage hip and knee osteoarthritis in obese patients, (2) adherence to National guidelines, and (3) understanding of complication risks in lower limb TJA for BMI≥40.

Methods: A 15-question online survey was sent to all active members of Scottish Committee for Orthopaedics and Trauma (SCOT) between February and March 2023 to understand the current practices for managing obese patients with lower limb arthritis requiring joint replacement surgery.

Synthesis and evaluation of 6-arylaminobenzamides as positron emission tomography imaging ligands for the sphingosine-1-phosphate-5 receptor.

The sphingosine-1-phosphate-5 (S1P) receptor is one of the five membrane G protein-coupled receptors that are activated by the lysophospholipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate, resulting in regulation of many cellular processes. S1P receptors are located on oligodendrocytes and are proposed to influence oligodendrocyte physiology. Understanding S1P modulation during processes such as remyelination could have potential applications for demyelinating CNS disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS).