The Effect of the Climatic Housing Environment on the Growth of Dairy-Bred Calves in the First Month of Life on a Scottish Farm.

Calf housing is naturally thermodynamic, with interactions between various elements such as wind speed, air temperature, and humidity. This study investigated the effect of the proportion of time for which calves were exposed to effective environmental temperatures below their lower critical temperature (LCT) on their daily liveweight gain (DLWG) within their first month of life. This study used the naturally occurring climatic environment, whereas other such studies have been conducted under climatically controlled conditions.

Microbial cell factories a new dimension in bio-nanotechnology: exploring the robustness of nature.

Bio-based nanotechnology has its existence in biological dimensions e.g. microbial cell factories (bacteria, fungi.

Lignocellulosic composition based thermal kinetic study of Mangiferaindica Lam, Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam and Syzygium Jambolana seeds.

In the present study, pyrolysis of mangifera indica L., Artocarpus heterophyllus L. and jambolana seeds have been performed using thermogravimetric analysis.

Lead removal from synthetic wastewater by biosorbents prepared from seeds of Artocarpus Heterophyllus and Syzygium Cumini.

The present investigation deals with removal of lead (Pb) ions from waste water using biosorbent prepared from seeds of Artocarpus heterophyllus (SBAh) and Syzygium cumini (SBSc). Biosorbents surface has been characterized through FT-IR spectroscopy to probe the presence of functional groups. Response surface methodology enabled optimized conditions (Pb concentration 2 μg/mL, pH 5.

Minimizing hazardous impact of food waste in a circular economy - Advances in resource recovery through green strategies.

Recent trends in food waste and its management have increasingly started to focus on treating it as a reusable resource. The hazardous impact of food waste such as the release of greenhouse gases, deterioration of water quality and contamination of land areas are a major threat posed by food waste. Under the circular economy principles, food waste can be used as a sustainable supply of high-value energy, fuel, and nutrients through green techniques such as anaerobic digestion, co-digestion, composting, enzymatic treatment, ultrasonic, hydrothermal carbonization.

Recent progress in air treatment with combined photocatalytic/plasma processes: A review.

Nowadays, air pollution is an increasingly important topic, as environmental regulations require limiting pollutant emissions. This problem requires new techniques to reduce emissions by either improving the current emission control systems and processes or installing new hybrid treatment systems. These are of broad diversity, and every system has its advantages and disadvantages.

: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell.

Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family . Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded.

Early prediction of respiratory disease in preweaning dairy calves using feeding and activity behaviors.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) represents one of the major disease challenges affecting preweaning dairy-bred calves. Previous studies have shown that differences in feeding and activity behaviors exist between healthy and diseased calves affected by BRD. The aim of this study was to develop and assess the accuracy of models designed to predict BRD from feeding and activity behaviors.

Temporal and nutritional effects on the weaner pig ileal microbiota.

Background: The porcine gastrointestinal microbiota has been linked to both host health and performance. Most pig gut microbiota studies target faecal material, which is not representative of microbiota dynamics in other discrete gut sections. The weaning transition period in pigs is a key development stage, with gastrointestinal problems being prominent after often sudden introduction to a solid diet.

Biosustainable production of nanoparticles via mycogenesis for biotechnological applications: A critical review.

The demand for the green synthesis of nanoparticles has gained prominence over the conventional chemical and physical syntheses, which often entails toxic chemicals, energy consumption and ultimately lead to negative environmental impact. In the green synthesis approach, naturally available bio-compounds found in plants and fungi can be effective and have been proven to be alternative reducing agents. Fungi or mushrooms are particularly interesting due to their high content of bioactive compounds, which can serve as excellent reducing agents in the synthesis of nanoparticles.

Understanding the Therapeutic Potential of Ascorbic Acid in the Battle to Overcome Cancer.

Cancer, a fatal disease, is also one of the main causes of death worldwide. Despite various developments to prevent and treat cancer, the side effects of anticancer drugs remain a major concern. Ascorbic acid is an essential vitamin required by our bodies for normal physiological function and also has antioxidant and anticancer activity.

Long-Distance Transport of Finisher Pigs in the Iberian Peninsula: Effects of Season on Thermal and Enthalpy Conditions, Welfare Indicators and Meat pH.

Current legislation in the European Union places limits on live pig transport according to outside temperature, but less is known about the effects of sudden changes in the thermal microenvironment in trailers, particularly during long-distance transport. In this study, we measured the temperature and relative humidity inside livestock vehicles carrying 1920 Spanish finisher pigs (live weight 100 kg and 240 animals per journey) during eight long-distance (>15 h) commercial journeys to slaughter from northern Spain to Portugal in the summer and winter. Here, we report the rate of change in the air temperature (°C × min) and air enthalpies in the transport vehicle (kg water kg dry air-1).

Genomic evaluations using data recorded on smallholder dairy farms in low- to middle-income countries.

Breeding has increased genetic gain for dairy cattle in advanced economies but has had limited success in improving dairy cattle in low- to middle-income countries (LMIC). Genetic evaluations are a central component of delivering genetic gain, because they separate the genetic and environmental effects of animals' phenotypes. Genetic evaluations have been successful in advanced economies because of large data sets and strong genetic connectedness, provided by the widespread use of artificial insemination (AI) and accurate recording of pedigree information.

Hyaluronic acid-based nanoplatforms for Doxorubicin: A review of stimuli-responsive carriers, co-delivery and resistance suppression.

An important motivation for the use of nanomaterials and nanoarchitectures in cancer therapy emanates from the widespread emergence of drug resistance. Although doxorubicin (DOX) induces cell cycle arrest and DNA damage by suppressing topoisomerase activity, resistance to DOX has severely restricted its anti-cancer potential. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been extensively utilized for synthesizing nanoparticles as it interacts with CD44 expressed on the surface of cancer cells.

Integrated process approach for degradation of p-cresol pollutant under photocatalytic reactor using activated carbon/TiO nanocomposite: application in wastewater treatment.

Over the years, biodegradation has been an effective technique for waste water treatment; however, it has its own limitations. In order to achieve a higher degradation efficacy, integrated processes are being focus in this area. Therefore, the present study is targeted towards the coupling of biodegradation and photocatalytic degradation of p-cresol.

Synthesis of oligosaccharides with prebiotic potential by crude enzyme preparation from Bifidobacterium.

Oligosaccharides especially prebiotics take high attention in the development of foods because of their physiological properties in human health. They are generally synthetized enzymatically via transferases or hydrolases from mold or bacteria. The fact is that such oligosaccharides synthetized by probiotic bacteria, should be utilized by these microorganisms.

Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Change with Sleep Stage in Dairy Cows.

Changes to the amount and patterns of sleep stages could be a useful tool to assess the effects of stress or changes to the environment in animal welfare research. However, the gold standard method, polysomnography PSG, is difficult to use with large animals such as dairy cows. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to predict sleep stages in humans and could be useful as an easier method to identify sleep stages in cows.

Is Animal Welfare an Internationally Understood Concept in the Zoo World? Thematic Analysis of Two Regional Groups of Zoo Staff.

Universal frameworks for zoo animal welfare have been suggested. However, there is little evidence of a cross-cultural understanding of zoo animal welfare. This paper reports themes emerging from a qualitative study of international (European and Chinese) zoo professionals on zoo animal welfare issues.

Multi-locus genome-wide association mapping for spike-related traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Background: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal food crops for the global population. Spike-layer uniformity (the consistency of the spike distribution in the vertical space)-related traits (SLURTs) are quantitative and have been shown to directly affect yield potential by modifying the plant architecture.

Trends in renewable energy production employing biomass-based biochar.

Tremendous population growth and industrialization have increased energy consumption unprecedentedly. The depletion of fossil-based energy supplies necessitates the exploration of solar, geothermal, wind, hydrogen, biodiesel, etc. as a clean and renewable energy source.

Low-cost biochar adsorbents prepared from date and delonix regia seeds for heavy metal sorption.

In this study, low-cost biochar as bio-adsorbents derived from locally accessible delonix regia seed and date seeds were explored for heavy metal environmental cleaning. These prepared biochars were characterized by proximate and elemental analyses, CHNS/O analysis, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and thermo-gravitational methods. Bio-sorbent's ability to adsorb arsenic ions in synthetic wastewater was studied and optimized at varying solution pH, adsorbent dose, and starting metal concentrations.

Integrated biohydrogen production via lignocellulosic waste: Opportunity, challenges & future prospects.

Hydrogen production through biological route is the cleanest, renewable and potential way to sustainable energy generation. Productions of hydrogen via dark and photo fermentations are considered to be more sustainable and economical approach over numerous existing biological modes. Nevertheless, both the biological modes suffer from certain limitations like low yield and production rate, and because of these practical implementations are still far away.

Recent advances in microbial toxin-related strategies to combat cancer.

It is a major concern to treat cancer successfully, due to the distinctive pathophysiology of cancer cells and the gradual manifestation of resistance. Specific action, adverse effects and development of resistance has prompted the urgent requirement of exploring alternative anti-tumour treatment therapies. The naturally derived microbial toxins as a therapy against cancer cells are a promisingly new dimension.

Piezoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Sensing Applications: Roadmap for Future Smart Materials.

Piezoelectric materials are widely referred to as "smart" materials because they can transduce mechanical pressure acting on them to electrical signals and vice versa. They are extensively utilized in harvesting mechanical energy from vibrations, human motion, mechanical loads, etc., and converting them into electrical energy for low power devices.