Diagnosis of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Outbreaks on Layer Hen and Broiler Breeder Farms in Vojvodina, Serbia.

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a respiratory disease of poultry characterized by high morbidity and variable mortality. ILT is caused by (GaHV-1), which is transmitted horizontally and most susceptible are chickens older than 4 weeks. After almost two decades since last appearance of this disease in Vojvodina, an outbreak occurred from April 2020 to August 2021 on five laying hen farms and one broiler breeder flock farm.

A new insight into genetic structure of Danube and Italian foci of fascioloidosis.

Human induced translocation and introduction of species have reshaped parasite fauna on a global scale. The introduction of the large American liver fluke Fascioloides magna from North America to Europe is an example of an invasive alien parasite causing significant ecological and economic damage. Recent genetic studies have shown that F.

Development of multiplex PCR based NGS protocol for whole genome sequencing of West Nile virus lineage 2 directly from biological samples using Oxford Nanopore platform.

West Nile virus (WNV) can affect humans, birds, horses and another mammals, causing asymptomatic infection, mild febrile disease, neurological and systematic disease and death. In order to gain insight into the prevalence of WNV, a monitoring program has been established in the Republic of Serbia. Whole genome sequencing is essential for the molecular epizootiological analysis of virus entry and transmission routes, especially in high-risk regions.

Development and Optimization of Indirect ELISAs for the Detection of Anti-Capripoxvirus Antibodies in Cattle, Sheep, and Goat Sera.

Sheeppox (SPP), goatpox (GTP), and lumpy skin disease (LSD) are economically significant pox diseases of ruminants, caused by sheeppox virus (SPPV), goatpox virus (GTPV), and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), respectively. SPPV and GTPV can infect both sheep and goats, while LSDV mainly affects cattle. The recent emergence of LSD in Asia and Europe and the repeated incursions of SPP in Greece, Bulgaria, and Russia highlight how these diseases can spread outside their endemic regions, stressing the urgent need to develop high-throughput serological surveillance tools.

Assessment of expertise in morphological identification of mosquito species (Diptera, Culicidae) using photomicrographs.

Accurate identification of insect species is an indispensable and challenging requirement for every entomologist, particularly if the species is involved in disease outbreaks. The European MediLabSecure project designed an identification (ID) exercise available to any willing participant with the aim of assessing and improving knowledge in mosquito taxonomy. The exercise was based on high-definition photomicrographs of mosquitoes (26 adult females and 12 larvae) collected from the western Palaearctic.

Colicins and Microcins Produced by : Characterization, Mode of Action, and Putative Applications.

are widely present in many environments related to humans, including the human body and the food that they consume, from both plant or animal origin. Hence, they are considered relevant members of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota. On the other hand, these bacteria are also recognized as putative pathogens, able to impair human health and, in food, they are considered indicators for the microbiological quality and hygiene status of a production process.

First Report of Sarconema eurycerca Heart Infection in Mute Swans in Serbia.

Background: The Sarconema eurycerca heart infection may be one of the main causes of death in swans and geese due to severe heart lesions. To date, there have been no reports of Sarconema eurycerca in mute swans (Cygnus olor) in Serbia and this parasite has never been morphologically characterized in wild birds from this region.

Methods: In spring 2021, eight dead mute swans (Cygnus olor) were collected during avian influenza surveillance on the territory of the Province of Vojvodina and submitted to Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad" to determine the cause of death.

Survey of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice towards Antibiotic Use among Prospective Antibiotic Prescribers in Serbia.

The complex issue of antibacterial resistance (ABR) requires actions taken with the One Health approach, involving both human and veterinarian medicine. It can spread from animals to humans through the food chain or through direct contact. Health profession students, as the future antibiotic providers, can greatly impact antibiotic-related issues in the future.

Environmental Bovine Mastitis Pathogens: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Sensitivity to L., L., and L. Essential Oils.

Mastitis is considered to be one of the most important diseases of dairy cows in terms of health, production, and economy. Being the most common cause of antibiotic consumption in dairy cows, treatment of this disease is one of the biggest challenges in the veterinary profession as an increasing number of pathogens develop resistance to antibiotics used in the treatment. Therefore, new alternative approaches for limiting the use of antibiotics in livestock are required.

A European survey on post-mortem inspection of finishing pigs: Total condemnation criteria to declare meat unfit for human consumption.

Meat inspection (MI) is essential to verify compliance with legal requirements related to human and animal health and animal welfare protections. Judgement criteria applied during MI, resulting in condemnation data of importance, among other things, for livestock producers and for benchmarking reasons. However, although the Meat Inspection Regulation sets out judgement criteria, most are generic, favouring flexibility, but also subjectivity.

Recommendations to Improve Tick-Borne Encephalitis Surveillance and Vaccine Uptake in Europe.

There has been an increase in reported TBE cases in Europe since 2015, reaching a peak in some countries in 2020, highlighting the need for better management of TBE risk in Europe. TBE surveillance is currently limited, in part, due to varying diagnostic guidelines, access to testing, and awareness of TBE. Consequently, TBE prevalence is underestimated and vaccination recommendations inadequate.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Interventions Applied during Primary Processing to Reduce Microbial Contamination on Pig Carcasses.

Interventions from lairage to the chilling stage of the pig slaughter process are important to reduce microbial contamination of carcasses. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of abattoir interventions in reducing aerobic colony count (ACC), , generic , and spp. on pig carcasses.

Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Serovar Kentucky Isolates from Humans, Turkey, and Food in the Republic of Serbia.

Owing to the emerging resistance to antimicrobials in Kentucky isolates around the globe, the genomic comparison of all the registered multidrug-resistant Kentucky isolates in Serbia (five from humans, one from turkey flock, and one from meat) was done. Most of the isolates were isolated from patients returning from Egypt or Tunisia or originated from imported turkey flock and turkey meat. The comparative analysis of resistance and virulence genes was done.

Prevalence and Persistence of Multidrug-Resistant 4/O:3 in Tonsils of Slaughter Pigs from Different Housing Systems in Croatia.

Yersinia enterocolitica is one of the priority biological hazards in pork inspection. Persistence of the pathogen, including strains resistant to antimicrobials, should be evaluated in pigs from different housing systems for risk ranking of farms. In this 2019 study, tonsils were collected from 234 pigs, of which 69 (29.

Effect of an Antioxidant Supplement Combination on Boar Sperm.

The study was conducted on a commercial pig farm located in Serbia. Thirty Duroc or Landrace breed boars were randomly selected for this study. The experimental group was fed a compound feed with added organic selenium and Oxynat 3D.

Gene expression changes in Daphnia magna following waterborne exposure to cyanobacterial strains from the genus Nostoc.

Cyanobacteria can produce highly potent cyanotoxins, however, limited information is provided about their toxicity mechanisms in exposed aquatic invertebrates at the molecular level. In the present study, the effects of cyanobacterial strains from the genus Nostoc (Nostoc Z1 and Nostoc 2S3B) in Daphnia magna after waterborne exposure were investigated. Examined endpoints included immobilization (survival) in acute toxicity tests and selected gene expression changes (cyp314, cyp360A8, gst, p-gp, vtg) analyzed by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

West Nile virus in the Republic of Serbia-Diagnostic performance of five serological tests in dog and horse sera.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne virus classified as family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus. The first WNV outbreak in humans in the Republic of Serbia was recorded in 2012. Equids and dogs can show clinical symptoms after WNV infection and are often used as sentinels.

Corrigendum: Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.

Molecular Survey of Dirofilaria and Leishmania Species in Dogs from Central Balkan.

Dirofilariosis and leishmaniosis are severe parasitic diseases in dogs, and their causative agents can also be pathogenic to humans. In this study, we conducted a multicentric survey in the regions of Serbia and North Macedonia with the goal to establish an epidemiological scenario of dirofilariosis and leishmaniosis in the territory of Central Balkan. Using molecular analyses, a total of 535 dogs from Northern Serbia (NS), Southern Serbia (SS) and North Macedonia (NM) were screened for the presence of spp.

Unexpected TBEV Seropositivity in Serbian Patients Who Recovered from Viral Meningitis and Encephalitis.

The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes a life-threatening disease named Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). The clinical symptoms associated with TBE range from non-specific to severe inflammation of the central nervous system and are very similar to the clinical presentation of other viral meningitis/encephalitis. In consequence, TBE is often misclassified by clinical physicians, mainly in the non-identified high-risk areas where none or only a few TBE cases have been reported.

The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Kosovo: First record.

The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is an invasive mosquito species that is considered a potential vector of about 22 arboviruses, among which dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Here we report the first record of Aedes albopictus in the territory of the Republic of Kosovo. The first finding, in July 2020, was driven by a photo of an adult mosquito published by a citizen in social media.

An Epigenetic Alphabet of Crop Adaptation to Climate Change.

Crop adaptation to climate change is in a part attributed to epigenetic mechanisms which are related to response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Although recent studies increased our knowledge on the nature of these mechanisms, epigenetics remains under-investigated and still poorly understood in many, especially non-model, plants, Epigenetic modifications are traditionally divided into two main groups, DNA methylation and histone modifications that lead to chromatin remodeling and the regulation of genome functioning. In this review, we outline the most recent and interesting findings on crop epigenetic responses to the environmental cues that are most relevant to climate change.