maT and mosquito transposons in cnidarians: evolutionary history and intraspecific differences.

Transposable elements exert a significant effect on the size and structure of eukaryotic genomes. Tc1/mariner superfamily elements represent the widely distributed and highly variable group of DNA transposons. Tc1/mariner elements include TLE/DD34-38E, MLE/DD34D, maT/DD37D, Visitor/DD41D, Guest/DD39D, mosquito/DD37E, and L18/DD37E families, all of which are well or less scarcely studied.

Forward Genetics-Based Approaches to Understanding the Systems Biology and Molecular Mechanisms of Epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a highly prevalent, severely debilitating neurological disorder characterized by seizures and neuronal hyperactivity due to an imbalanced neurotransmission. As genetic factors play a key role in epilepsy and its treatment, various genetic and genomic technologies continue to dissect the genetic causes of this disorder. However, the exact pathogenesis of epilepsy is not fully understood, necessitating further translational studies of this condition.

[Anthocyanins as functional food components].

Among the natural pigments, anthocyanins are assumed to represent one of the most studied groups. Starting with the first studies on the physicochemical properties of anthocyanins carried out in the 17th century by British naturalist Robert Boyle, the science about these unique compounds has progressed substantially. To date, the structure and functions of anthocyanins in plant cells have been well studied, and the pathway of their biosynthesis is one of the most fully characterized pathways of secondary metabolite biosynthesis at both the biochemical and genetic levels.

A rare familial rearrangement of chromosomes 9 and 15 associated with intellectual disability: a clinical and molecular study.

Background: There are many reports on rearrangements occurring separately in the regions of chromosomes 9p and 15q affected in the case under study. 15q duplication syndrome is caused by the presence of at least one extra maternally derived copy of the Prader-Willi/Angelman critical region. Trisomy 9p is the fourth most frequent chromosome anomaly with a clinically recognizable syndrome often accompanied by intellectual disability.

The role of auditory and vibration stimuli in zebrafish neurobehavioral models.

Strongly affecting human and animal physiology, sounds and vibration are critical environmental factors whose complex role in behavioral and brain functions necessitates further clinical and experimental studies. Zebrafish are a promising model organism for neuroscience research, including probing the contribution of auditory and vibration stimuli to neurobehavioral processes. Here, we summarize mounting evidence on the role of sound and vibration in zebrafish behavior and brain function, and outline future directions of translational research in this field.

Interactions Between Child Personality and Parenting in Relation to Child Well-Being: Support for Diathesis-Stress and Differential Susceptibility Patterns.

It is well-recognized that the individual characteristics of children moderate the effects of developmental conditions on the well-being of a child. The majority of interactions follow a diathesis-stress pattern; there is also evidence for differential susceptibility and vantage sensitivity models. The present study aimed to examine interactions between parenting and child personality in relation to the well-being of a Russian child and to evaluate the models for moderated relationships.

The IS630/Tc1/mariner transposons in three ctenophore genomes.

Transposable elements (TEs) exert a significant effect on the structure and functioning of the genomes and also serve as a source of the new genes. The study of the TE diversity and evolution in different taxa is indispensable for the fundamental understanding of their roles in the genomes. IS630/Tc1/mariner (ITm) transposable elements represent the most prevalent and diverse group of DNA transposons.

The composition of peripheral immunocompetent cell subpopulations and cytokine content in the brain structures of mutant Disc1-Q31L mice.

The DISC1 (disrupted in sсhizophrenia 1) gene is associated with brain dysfunctions, which are involved in a variety of mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder. This is the first study to examine the immune parameters in Disc1-Q31L mice with a point mutation in the second exon of the DISC1 gene compared to mice of the C57BL/6NCrl strain (WT, wild type). A flow cytometry assay has shown that intact Disc1- Q31L mice differ from the WT strain by an increase in the percentage of CD3+ T cells, CD3+CD4+ Т helper cells and CD3+CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells and a decrease in CD3+CD8+ T cytotoxic/suppressor cells in the peripheral blood.

Victimization by traditional bullying and cyberbullying and the combination of these among adolescents in 13 European and Asian countries.

There has been a lack of studies on bullying in non-western low-income and middle-income countries. This study reported the prevalence of traditional victimization, cybervictimization, and the combination of these, in 13 European and Asian countries, and explored how psychiatric symptoms were associated with victimization. The data for this cross-sectional, school-based study of 21,688 adolescents aged 13-15 were collected from 2011 to 2017.

Age and gender differences in personality traits from early childhood through adolescence.

Objective: Most research on personality development has employed self-report questionnaires and concerned individuals older than 10 years. This is the first study to examine mean-level age differences in personality traits from early childhood to late adolescence in the non-Western cultural context.

Method: Personality was measured in two community samples of parent reports of 2-18-year-old children (N = 4,330) and self-reports of 10-19-year-old adolescents (N = 4,663) from Russia by the Inventory of Child Individual Differences-Short version (ICID-S) at the three levels of the hierarchy, the two higher order traits, the Big Five, and lower order traits.

Hypothalamic Norepinephrine Concentration and Heart Mass in Hypertensive ISIAH Rats Are Associated with a Genetic Locus on Chromosome 18.

The relationship between activation of the sympathetic nervous system and cardiac hypertrophy has long been known. However, the molecular genetic basis of this association is poorly understood. Given the known role of hypothalamic norepinephrine in the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, the aim of the work was to carry out genetic mapping using Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis and determine the loci associated both with an increase in the concentration of norepinephrine in the hypothalamus and with an increase in heart mass in Inherited Stress-Induced Arterial Hypertension (ISIAH) rats simulating the stress-sensitive form of arterial hypertension.

Mucin-2 knockout is a model of intercellular junction defects, mitochondrial damage and ATP depletion in the intestinal epithelium.

The disruption of the protective intestinal barrier-the 'leaky gut'-is a common complication of the inflammatory bowel disease. There is limited data on the mechanisms of the intestinal barrier disruption upon low-grade inflammation characteristic of patients with inflammatory bowel disease in clinical remission. Thus, animal models that recapitulate the complexity of chronic intestinal inflammation in vivo are of particular interest.

Understanding complex dynamics of behavioral, neurochemical and transcriptomic changes induced by prolonged chronic unpredictable stress in zebrafish.

Stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders are widespread, debilitating and often treatment-resistant illnesses that represent an urgent unmet biomedical problem. Animal models of these disorders are widely used to study stress pathogenesis. A more recent and historically less utilized model organism, the zebrafish (Danio rerio), is a valuable tool in stress neuroscience research.

Lysosomotropic Features and Autophagy Modulators among Medical Drugs: Evaluation of Their Role in Pathologies.

The concept of lysosomotropic agents significantly changed numerous aspects of cellular biochemistry, biochemical pharmacology, and clinical medicine. In the present review, we focused on numerous low-molecular and high-molecular lipophilic basic compounds and on the role of lipophagy and autophagy in experimental and clinical medicine. Attention was primarily focused on the most promising agents acting as autophagy inducers, which offer a new window for treatment and/or prophylaxis of various diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, Parkinson's disease, and atherosclerosis.

Default mode network connections supporting intra-individual variability in typically developing primary school children: An EEG study.

Intraindividual variability in response time (RT) provides information about attention abilities beyond accuracy and mean RT. It could be an endophenotype for a wide range of clinical disorders and a general marker of neurological health or maladaptation. The default mode network (DMN) and the central executive and the salience networks (CEN + SN) support response stability in adults.

Studying CNS effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine using zebrafish models.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Although Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a millennia-long history of treating human brain disorders, its complex multi-target mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Animal models are currently widely used to probe the effects of various TCMs on brain and behavior. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has recently emerged as a novel vertebrate model organism for neuroscience research, and is increasingly applied for CNS drug screening and development.

CNS genomic profiling in the mouse chronic social stress model implicates a novel category of candidate genes integrating affective pathogenesis.

Despite high prevalence, medical impact and societal burden, anxiety, depression and other affective disorders remain poorly understood and treated. Clinical complexity and polygenic nature complicate their analyses, often revealing genetic overlap and cross-disorder heritability. However, the interplay or overlaps between disordered phenotypes can also be based on shared molecular pathways and 'crosstalk' mechanisms, which themselves may be genetically determined.

Effect of Acute Hypoxia on Cardiorespiratory Coherence in Male Runners.

Understanding the mechanisms of oxygen supply regulation, which involves the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, during human adaptation to intense physical activity, accompanied by hypoxemia, is important for the management of a training process. The objectives of this study were to investigate the cardiorespiratory coherence (CRC) changes in the low-frequency band in response to hypoxic exposure and to verify a dependence of these changes upon sports qualification level in athletes. Twenty male runners aged 17-25 years were exposed to acute normobaric hypoxia (10% O) for 10 min.

Zebrafish models of impulsivity and impulse control disorders.

Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are characterized by generalized difficulty controlling emotions and behaviors. ICDs are a broad group of the central nervous system (CNS) disorders including conduct disorder, intermittent explosive, oppositional-defiant disorder, antisocial personality disorder, kleptomania, pyromania and other illnesses. Although they all share a common feature (aberrant impulsivity), their pathobiology is complex and poorly understood.

Modification of Fecal Bacteria Counts and Blood Immune Cells in the Offspring of BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice Obtained through Interstrain Mouse Embryo Transfer.

The reproducibility of results obtained with rodent models depends on the genetic purity of the strain and the stability of the environment. However, another potential factor is changes in the gut microbiota due to the transmission of mother's bacteria during embryo transfer. In this study, we demonstrate the transmission of the microbiota and immune cell blood phenotype to the offspring of 2 strains, C57BL/6JNskrc and BALB/cJNskrc, from surrogate dams of different genotypes.

The Pluripotency Factor Nanog Protects against Neuronal Amyloid β-Induced Toxicity and Oxidative Stress through Insulin Sensitivity Restoration.

Amyloid β (Aβ) is a peptide fragment of the amyloid precursor protein that triggers the progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). It is believed that Aβ contributes to neurodegeneration in several ways, including mitochondria dysfunction, oxidative stress and brain insulin resistance. Therefore, protecting neurons from Aβ-induced neurotoxicity is an effective strategy for attenuating AD pathogenesis.

Effects of acute and chronic arecoline in adult zebrafish: Anxiolytic-like activity, elevated brain monoamines and the potential role of microglia.

Arecoline is a naturally occurring psychoactive alkaloid with partial agonism at nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Arecoline consumption is widespread, making it the fourth (after alcohol, nicotine and caffeine) most used substance by humans. However, the mechanisms of acute and chronic action of arecoline in-vivo remain poorly understood.

Melatonin treatment reverses cognitive and endocrine deficits evoked by a 24-h light exposure in adult zebrafish.

Melatonin is an important pineal hormone that regulates human and animal circadian rhythms and sleep. Mounting clinical and rodent evidence indicates that melatonin also modulates affective behaviors and cognition. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is rapidly becoming a powerful novel model organism in translational neuroscience research.

Sham surgical embryo transfer affects offspring neurodevelopment and manifestation of hypertensive phenotype in ISIAH rats.

The study investigates how surgery during pregnancy, i.e., sham operation associated with embryo transfer, affects hypertensive phenotype in ISIAH rats genetically predisposed to hypertension.